RESUMO
The tobacco smoking of women during pregnancy and breast feeding represents a significant danger to public health. During pregnancy, the WHO recommends to abstain from cigarettes smoking. In spite of extensive information concerning related to smoking dangers to health of women and fetus, certain females continue to smoke during all pregnancy. The purpose of review is to identify and systematize existing data concerning prevalence, factors and modes of prevention tobacco smoking among pregnant females. In Russia, prevalence of tobacco smoking is at the level of highest European indices though in-land territorial differences are observed. The psycho-social factors significantly contribute to prevalence of smoking among pregnant women. The main social factors of tobacco smoking of pregnant women are low social economic status, unplanned pregnancy, smoking of representatives of the closest social environment (members of family and husband). The leading psychological factors effecting on success of smoking women to quit are psychological well-being, supporting relationship with significant others, high perceptible risks of smoking.
Assuntos
Complicações na Gravidez , Fumar Tabaco , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Federação Russa , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
The objective of the present work was to overview current concepts of immunology and pathological morphology of chronic tonsillitis. Morphological aspects of embryological development of palatine tonsils are discussed in conjunction with their participation in the formation of the immune response. Morphological and immunological peculiarities of the pathological process in chronic tonsillitis are described. It is concluded that otorhinolaryngologists must in due time identify indications for radical surgical sanitation of the pockets of chronic infection by means of bilateral tonsillectomy.
Assuntos
Tonsilite/imunologia , Tonsilite/patologia , Doença Crônica , Humanos , Tonsilite/embriologiaRESUMO
Effects of ectopic pacing on left ventricular repolarization were studied in six anesthetized open-chest chickens. In each animal, unipolar electrograms were acquired from as many as 98 sites with 14 plunge needles (seven transmural locations between epicardium and endocardium in each needle). Activation-recovery intervals (ARIs), corrected to the cycle length, were used for estimating repolarization. At baseline, the nonuniform ARI distribution in the left ventricle resulted in the apicobasal differences being greater than the transmural gradient. Nonuniform ARI prolongation caused by ectopic pacing resulted in decreasing the transmural repolarization gradient and increasing the differences in the apex-to-base direction. The basal, but not apical transmural differences contributed to the total left ventricular transmural gradient. The total left ventricular apicobasal gradient was contributed by the apicobasal differences in mid-myocardial and subendocardial layers more than in subepicardial ones. Thus, in in situ chicken hearts, the transmural and apicobasal ARI gradients exist within the left ventricle with the shortest ARIs in the basal subepicardium and the longest ARIs in the subendocardium of the apical and middle parts of the left ventricle. Apicobasal compared to transmural heterogeneity of local repolarization properties contributes more to the total left ventricular repolarization gradient.
Assuntos
Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Potenciais de Ação , Animais , Galinhas , Eletrocardiografia , Endocárdio/fisiologia , Feminino , Pericárdio/fisiologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A bacteriological examination was made in 105 patients with various forms of chronic tonsillitis. Eighteen cultures of beta-hemolytic streptococcus (BHSA) were isolated from 36 patients with paratonsillar abscesses. BHSA seeding in paratonsillar abscess was 50.0%. Eight BHSA cultures were isolated from 69 patients with chronic tonsillitis. BHSA seeding in chronic tonsillitis was 11.6%. Adequate set of culture media for BHSA growth was optimized. The technique of the sample collection from tonsillar lacunes was improved. The significance of bacteriological diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis increases considerably due to optimization of out- and intralaboratory tests at the preanalytic stage of the study.
Assuntos
Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Tonsila Palatina/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Streptococcus/isolamento & purificação , Tonsilite/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Doença Crônica , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Tonsilite/microbiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Synthesis of lipoilcarnosine (LipC) - a conjugated molecule based on two natural antioxidants, carnosine and a-lipoic acid, is described. Its physico-chemical, antioxidant properties and biological activity are characterized. According to reversed-phase HPLC with a UV detector, purity of the final product was 89.3%. The individuality of the obtained sodium salt of LipC was confirmed by tandem HPLC-mass spectrometry. High resistance of LipC to hydrolysis with serum carnosinase was demonstrated. The antioxidant activity of LipC measured by reaction with the formation of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances and kinetic parameters of iron-induced chemiluminescence was higher than that of carnosine and lipoic acid. LipC did not affect viability of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma culture cells, differentiated towards the dopaminergic type, at concentrations not exceeding 5 mM. At the concentration range of 0.1-0.25 mM LipC protected neuronal cells against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP + )-induced toxicity.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Carnosina , Intoxicação por MPTP/tratamento farmacológico , Antioxidantes/síntese química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Carnosina/análogos & derivados , Carnosina/síntese química , Carnosina/química , Carnosina/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Intoxicação por MPTP/metabolismo , Intoxicação por MPTP/patologiaRESUMO
Based on a multichannel synchronous mapping of heart electric potentials, the sequence in time of the ventricle myocardium depolarization was compared with dynamics of distribution of cardioelectric potentials on the body surface in a dog. The cardioelectric field on the dog body surface at the period of the initial ventricular activity has been shown to be characterized by the presence of two inversions of the mutual disposition of areas of positive and negative potentials. Contribution to formation of distribution of the cardioelectric potentials on the body surface at each moment of the period of initial ventricular activity was made by all myocardial layers involved by excitation.
Assuntos
Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiologia , Modelos Cardiovasculares , Animais , Mapeamento Potencial de Superfície Corporal , Cães , Técnicas Eletrofisiológicas Cardíacas , Feminino , Masculino , Função VentricularRESUMO
AIM: To study emotional status, including alexithymia, anxiety and depression, in patients with cerebral infarction in the area of the middle cerebral artery (on the left side) in the late recovery period and to develop a method for correction of the damage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 30 patients with cerebral infarction in the area of the middle cerebral artery (on the left side). A comparison group consisted of 10 patients with chronic brain ischemia. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results have demonstrated the correlation between the level of alexithymia and the severity of neurological deficit, sex-related level of anxiety and depression. The cerebral infarction impacts on the level of alexithymia. Alexithymia in patients with cerebral infarction affects the adequate self-esteem of physical and mental condition that may complicate the rehabilitation of these patients and demands correction as a combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutic intervention.
RESUMO
A 47-year-old man had ulcero-necrotic pharyngitis examined and treated without effect in various Moscow hospitals for 3 months. The diagnosis was established after histologic and bacteriologic examination of the biopsy.
Assuntos
Faringite/patologia , Tuberculose Laríngea/patologia , Biópsia , Humanos , Hipofaringe/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose , Faringite/microbiologia , Tuberculose Laríngea/diagnósticoRESUMO
The data accumulated within the last years required revision of the indications to the use of antibiotics in treatment of pertussis. One of the aims of antibiotic therapy in pertussis was to prevent colonization of B. pertussis in the respiratory tracts. With that end in view the choice of antibiotics should be limited by those, to which the pathogen is the most sensitive i.e. erythromycin, ampicillin and augmentin. Comparative efficacy of erythromycin and ampicillin during the first 2 weeks of the disease was studied in 79 infants at the age not older than 1 year with pertussis and it was shown that erythromycin was advantageous by its therapeutic activity and less side effects. Expedience of the antibiotic therapy during the spastic period for providing a preventive effect on development of bronchopulmonary complications was studied in 201 patients with pertussis. No preventive effect of the antibiotics on development of the bronchopulmonary complications defined by the secondary bacterial flora was recorded. In the group of the patients treated with the antibiotics prophylactically (group 1) the complications were 2.6 times more frequent than in the patients treated with pathogenetic agents alone (group 2). Intrahospital pneumonia developed in 8.9 per cent of the patients in group 1 and in 1.5 per cent of the patients in group 2. Therefore, antibiotics should not be used at the late periods of pertussis for prophylaxis of secondary bacterial complications.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Coqueluche/tratamento farmacológico , Amoxicilina/efeitos adversos , Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Combinação Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de Potássio , Ampicilina/efeitos adversos , Ampicilina/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Clavulânicos/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Clavulânicos/uso terapêutico , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Eritromicina/efeitos adversos , Eritromicina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Coqueluche/complicaçõesRESUMO
Verrucose carcinoma is well differentiated squamous carcinoma characterized by exophitic growth, slow surface spread, marked lymphoplasmocytic infiltration and fibrosis of submucosal lining. Verrucose carcinoma runs relatively benign course, is effectively treated surgically, is prognostically favourable. There are cases free of both metastases and recurrences for postdiagnosis 15 years.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Verrucoso/patologia , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patologia , Carcinoma Verrucoso/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Laríngeas/cirurgia , Laringectomia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
In 160 patients, postoperative healing of stenoses of hollow neck organs of various etiology was examined clinically and morphologically. All the patients were divided into 4 groups in terms of the etiological factor as follows: Group 1 (60 patients)--patients with post-traumatic stenoses of the larynx and trachea; Group 2 (34 patients)--patients with post-resuscitation stenoses of the larynx and trachea; Group 3 (38 patients)--patients with bilateral laryngoparalysis that developed after strumectomy; Group 4 (28 patients)--patients with postburn deformation of the pharyngolarynx and esophagus. Pathomorphological changes typical of a chronic inflammatory process were detected in the frontal neck tissues (skin, muscles, cartilages, mucous membrane) of all the patients. Morphologically, the frontal neck tissues were similar in all the patients. In view of this, a large number of suppurative-necrotic complications seen after surgery of stenoses of hollow neck organs (up to 45%) can be attributed to pathological lesions in the frontal neck tissues.
Assuntos
Estenose Esofágica/cirurgia , Laringoestenose/cirurgia , Estenose Traqueal/cirurgia , Cicatrização , Estenose Esofágica/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Laringoestenose/patologia , Masculino , Pescoço , Estenose Traqueal/patologiaRESUMO
The paper outlines the authors' clinical and morphological experience in clinically rehabilitating children with adenoid vegetations and sinusitis. Retrospective morphological and immunohistological studies have revealed that the structure of adenoids corresponds to the morphology of humoral and cellular immune responses. This enables adenoid vegetations to be regarded as an actively functioning secondary immunity organ that requires maximum sparing in young children.
Assuntos
Tonsila Faríngea , Tonsila Faríngea/imunologia , Tonsila Faríngea/metabolismo , Tonsila Faríngea/patologia , Antígenos CD/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The paper presents a comparative analysis of surgical outcomes in chronic maxillary ethmoiditis for radical and endonasal endoscopic operations in 85 patients. Objective control was performed with morphological, endoscopic and functional methods.
Assuntos
Sinusite Maxilar/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Otorrinolaringológicos/métodos , Período Pós-Operatório , HumanosRESUMO
The structure of the nasal septum was studied on 34 samples obtained from dead bodies of children aged 3 to 14. The septums were removed from the skull cavity. The morphometric studies consisted of measurements of the anteroposerior, superior-inferior, septum and its area, as well as composite anatomical structures. It is shown that the size and area of the septum and its anatomical structures undergo age-specific changes which are not regular. The data should be accounted for in correction of nasal septum structural defects in children of different age.