Sex differences in mandibular repositioning device therapy effectiveness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

PURPOSE: Mandibular repositioning devices (MRDs) are an effective treatment option for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), particularly in patients who refuse or cannot tolerate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). However, sex differences in the response to therapy and predictors of response are not clearly defined. This analysis of data from the long-term prospective ORCADES trial compared MRD efficacy in men and women with OSAS. METHODS: The ORCADES study included patients with newly diagnosed mild-to-moderate or severe OSAS who refused or were non-compliant with CPAP. MRD therapy was titrated over 3-6 months. The primary endpoint was treatment success (≥ 50% decrease in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)). Complete response was defined using a range of AHI cut-off values (< 5/h, < 10/h, < 15/h). RESULTS: Overall treatment success rates were 89% in women and 76% in men (p = 0.019); corresponding rates in those with severe OSAS (AHI > 30/h) were 100% and 68% (p = 0.0015). In women vs. men, overall complete response rates at AHI cut-off values of < 5/h, <10/h, and < 15/h were 49 vs. 34% (p = 0.0052), 78 vs. 62% (p = 0.016), and 92 vs. 76% (p = 0.0032). On multivariate analysis, significant predictors of MRD treatment success were overbite and baseline apnea index in men, and neck circumference and no previous CPAP therapy in women. There were sex differences in the occurrence of side effects. Temporomandibular joint pain was the most common reason for stopping MRD therapy. CONCLUSIONS: MRD therapy was effective in women with OSA of any severity, with significantly higher response rates compared with men especially in severe OSAS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01326143).

Impact of a telerehabilitation programme combined with continuous positive airway pressure on symptoms and cardiometabolic risk factors in obstructive sleep apnea patients.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a common sleep-breathing disorder associated with adverse health outcomes including excessive daytime sleepiness, impaired quality of life and is well-established as a cardiovascular risk factor. Continuous positive airway pressure is the reference treatment, but its cardiovascular and metabolic benefits are still debated. Combined interventions aiming at improving patient's lifestyle behaviours are recommended in guidelines management of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome but adherence decreases over time and access to rehabilitation programmes is limited. Telerehabilitation is a promising approach to address these issues, but data are scarce on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Methods: The aim of this study is to assess the potential benefits of a telerehabilitation programme implemented at continuous positive airway pressure initiation, compared to continuous positive airway pressure alone and usual care, on symptoms and cardiometabolic risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. This study is a 6-months multicentre randomized, parallel controlled trial during which 180 obese patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome will be included. We will use a sequential hierarchical criterion for major endpoints including sleepiness, quality of life, nocturnal systolic blood pressure and inflammation biological parameters. Discussion: m-Rehab obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is the first multicentre randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of a telerehabilitation lifestyle programme in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. We hypothesize that a telerehabilitation lifestyle intervention associated with continuous positive airway pressure for 6 months will be more efficient than continuous positive airway pressure alone on symptoms, quality of life and cardiometabolic risk profile. Main secondary outcomes include continuous positive airway pressure adherence, usability and satisfaction with the telerehabilitation platform and medico-economic evaluation. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT05049928. Registration data: 20 September 2021.

Generalized convulsive status epilepticus management in adults: a cohort study with evaluation of professional practice.

PURPOSE: Generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) needs immediate management. Despite guidelines, adherence to management protocols is often poor, this contributing to poor outcome. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a management protocol in GCSE. METHODS: This is a prospective population-based study of consecutive adults with GCSE in Haute-Garonne district, France. Demographics and treatment procedures were documented. Factors associated with seizure termination and refractoriness were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: One hundred eighteen episodes in 111 adults (mean age 55 years) between October 2006 and February 2008 were included. SE was convulsive in 101 episodes. Incidence was 6.6 per 100,000 and case fatality was 9%. Adequate initial treatment according to protocol was observed in 38%; 64% were treated out-of-hospital, and SE was refractory in 27% [no response after two antiepileptic drugs (AED)]. Patients who received adequate first-line treatment were 6.8 times [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8-16.9] more likely to have seizure termination, with 74% versus 29% efficacy rate (p < 0.0001). Inadequate initial management was 4.7 times (1.9-11.1) more likely to need several benzodiazepine doses (p = 0.0004) and 9.1 times (3.7-20) more likely to require a long-acting AED as next treatment (p < 0.0001). Seizure termination after initial treatment was associated with decreased intensive care unit stay [1 (1-2) versus 2 (1-5.5) days, p < 0.0001] and hospital stay [3 (2-11) versus 7 (3-18) days, p = 0.009]. DISCUSSION: GCSE termination and outcome seem clearly associated with adherence to treatment protocol. Results add to the debate on appropriate allocation of resources for out-of-hospital treatment, licensed drugs, and achievement of guideline implementation to improve SE outcome.