RESUMO
The tick Ixodes dampfi Cooley 1943, a member of the Pholeoixodes subgenus, was first described from gophers (Geomys sp.) collected in the state of Mexico. However, information on the origin and parasite-host association of I. dampfi is lacking. Here, new records of the occurrence of this tick species were provided nearly 80 years since its original description, in addition to new localities, genetic data, and host-parasite records. A total of four hosts (one Bassariscus astutus, two Didelphis virginiana, and one Peromyscus gratus) from three orders (Carnivora, Didelphimorphia, and Rodentia) were parasitised by seven I. dampfi females. Sequences of the 16S rDNA gene from the ticks exhibited a similarity ranging from 97 (389/403 bp) to 100% (403/403 bp), with the unique sequence of I. dampfi available on GenBank (AF549837). Additionally, Rickettsia-specific 16S rDNA, htrA, and ompA gene assays generated sequences in four of the seven I. dampfi specimens (57.14%). Partial sequences revealed 99-100% genetic identities with Candidatus Rickettsia angustus (GenBank accession HF935069, HF935072, HF935078) and Candidatus Rickettsia kingi (GenBank accession HF935068, HF935071, HF935077) from Canada. Our results represent the first record of this elusive ectoparasite in a natural protected area, which is a triumph for conservation, as accelerated defaunation processes pose the risk of coextinction for many groups of vertebrates and their ectoparasites.
Assuntos
Carnívoros , Ixodes , Rickettsia , Animais , Feminino , Amigos , Humanos , MéxicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Diabetes Mellitus 2 treatment adherence scale version III (EATDM-III) was devised in Costa Rica. Its seven factors are family support, community organization and support, physical exercise, medical control, hygiene and self-care and assessment of physical condition. AIM: To assess the psychometric properties of the scale in Chilean patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of the EATDM-III scale, applied to 274 patients with Diabetes Mellitus 2 aged 59 ± 11 years (59% women), were analyzed. Reliability, item, exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were carried out both in the initial and the proposed model. RESULTS: We propose a version of 30 items grouped in six dimensions, improving the fit indices obtained with the original scale. The review of item factor loadings shows that all are appropriate both in magnitude and statistical significance, with values between 0.46 and 0.93. Internal consistency measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.85 for the total scale. CONCLUSIONS: The adapted EATDM-III scale is reliable and can be used to assess treatment adherence in Chilean patients.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Idioma , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Chile , Comparação Transcultural , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Higiene , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cooperação do Paciente , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Autocuidado , Apoio Social , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The Pedregal de San Ángel Ecological Reserve (REPSA) is located within the central campus of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), in southwestern Mexico City. This area is known for its bird richness, which has been documented over time. However, this historical information has not been compiled, nor has it been assessed whether species composition has changed over time. In this study, we generated the historical checklist of avifauna in the REPSA by integrating data from systematic monitoring, bibliographic review and citizen science. Additionally, we calculated Jaccard's dissimilarity Index (nestedness and species turnover) among bird checklists from each year and evaluated whether this index and its components changed over time. In addition, we estimate whether the proportion of species arriving and becoming extinct in the REPSA is influenced by time (census interval) and by the migratory status of the species. Finally, we identified the core species of the REPSA. Our results indicate that from 1967 to 2023, 258 bird species have been recorded in the REPSA. The Jaccard's dissimilarity and turnover increased and reached an asymptotic trend over time while nestedness showed similar values throughout time. The time and species residency status did not have significant effect on the proportion of species that arrival and become extinct in the reserve. We identified 58 core species based on their persistence; 35 of these are residents, 22 have some migratory movement and one exotic species. Our results highlight the importance of the REPSA as a fundamental habitat for the avifauna of Mexico City, including a wide variety of migratory bird species.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Aves , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , México , Animais , Lista de Checagem , Migração AnimalRESUMO
Free-ranging and feral dogs represent a group of unattended companion animals. They impact wild animal populations by predating native species, displacing predators and introducing exotic pathogens. The aim of this work was to describe the molecular occurrence of Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Mycoplasma and Bartonella in feral dogs. The study was carried out in the last relict of a protected area in Mexico City. Blood clots samples from 19 dogs were obtained and analyzed for detection of specific fragments of the 16S-rRNA gene for Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Mycoplasma and citrate synthase (gltA) for Bartonella and Rickettsia. Our results showed that DNA from three bacteria species (Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, Ehrlichia canis and Mycoplasma haemocanis) was present with frequencies ranging from 5.3 to 15.8%. This is the first record of B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and M. haemocanis in dogs from México, and also the first finding of Ehrlichia canis in Mexico City. It is important to perform surveillance of feral dog populations in order to identify the impact of these pathogens on wild animal populations and Public Health in order to establish prevention and protection programs.
Assuntos
Anaplasma/isolamento & purificação , Bartonella/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Ehrlichia/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/veterinária , Mycoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Rickettsia/isolamento & purificação , Anaplasma/genética , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Bartonella/genética , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Ehrlichia/genética , Feminino , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Mycoplasma/genética , Filogenia , Rickettsia/genéticaRESUMO
Abstract Free-ranging and feral dogs represent a group of unattended companion animals. They impact wild animal populations by predating native species, displacing predators and introducing exotic pathogens. The aim of this work was to describe the molecular occurrence of Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Mycoplasma and Bartonella in feral dogs. The study was carried out in the last relict of a protected area in Mexico City. Blood clots samples from 19 dogs were obtained and analyzed for detection of specific fragments of the 16S-rRNA gene for Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Mycoplasma and citrate synthase (gltA) for Bartonella and Rickettsia. Our results showed that DNA from three bacteria species (Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, Ehrlichia canis and Mycoplasma haemocanis) was present with frequencies ranging from 5.3 to 15.8%. This is the first record of B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and M. haemocanis in dogs from México, and also the first finding of Ehrlichia canis in Mexico City. It is important to perform surveillance of feral dog populations in order to identify the impact of these pathogens on wild animal populations and Public Health in order to establish prevention and protection programs.
Resumo Cães errantes e selvagens representam um grupo de animais de companhia livres. Eles impactam as populações de animais selvagens pela predação de espécies nativas, deslocando predadores e introduzindo patógenos exóticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a ocorrência molecular de Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Mycoplasma e Bartonella em cães selvagens. O estudo foi realizado no último ecossistema de uma área protegida na Cidade do México. Amostras de coágulos sanguíneos de 19 cães foram obtidas e analisadas para detecção de fragmentos específicos do gene 16S-rRNA para Anaplasma, Ehrlichia e Mycoplasma e citrato sintase (gltA) para Bartonella e Rickettsia. Nossos resultados mostraram que o DNA de três espécies de bactérias (Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, Ehrlichia canis e Mycoplasma haemocanis) estava presente com frequências variando de 5,3 a 15,8%. Este é o primeiro registro de B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii e M. haemocanis em cães do México, e também a primeira descrição de Ehrlichia canis na Cidade do México. É importante realizar a vigilância das populações de cães selvagens para identificar o impacto desses patógenos nas populações de animais silvestres e na Saúde Pública, a fim de estabelecer programas de prevenção e proteção.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Cães , Rickettsia/isolamento & purificação , Bartonella/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Ehrlichia/isolamento & purificação , Anaplasma/isolamento & purificação , Mycoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Rickettsia/genética , Bartonella/genética , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Ehrlichia/genética , Anaplasma/genética , Animais Selvagens , México/epidemiologia , Mycoplasma/genéticaRESUMO
Under a not experimental, analytical cross-sectional desing, this study describes the relation between the acculturation strategies introduced by Berry, integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization, with the ethnic identity. Data was collected from 431 peruvians and colombians immigrants in the city of Antofagasta, Chile, using the acculturation scale developed by Basabe, Zlobina and Páez, (2004) and the spanish version of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM). The results concludes that biculturality was the most used acculturation strategy for both groups although differences were found for sex. For ethnic identity, differences were statistically significant for both groups only between nationalities. Analysing the existent relation between the variables, the tests concludes in favor for theoretical assumptions that people who choose for a "loyalty to ingroup" acculturation strategy (biculturals and separated) has a higher positive orientation to his/her own ethnic group, instead people who use a "individualistic" strategy (assimilated and marginated)
Bajo un diseño no experimental, analítico y transversal, el estudio describe la relación existente entre las estrategias de aculturación propuestas por Berry, de integración, asimilación, separación y marginalización, con la identidad étnica. Se recogieron datos de 431 inmigrantes peruanos y colombianos en la ciudad de Antofagasta, Chile, a través de la escala de aculturación desarrollada por Basabe, Zlobina, y Páez, (2004) y la Escala de Identidad Étnica Multigrupo (EIEM) en su versión en español. Los resultados arrojaron que la estrategia de aculturación mayormente utilizada por ambos grupos fue la biculturalidad aunque existen diferencias por sexo. En cuanto a la identidad étnica, las diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas para ambos grupos solo entre nacionalidades. Al analizar la relación existente entre las variables, las pruebas lograron ser concluyentes apoyando los supuestos teóricos de que quienes optan por una estrategia de aculturación de "lealtad al endogrupo" (biculturales y separados) tienen una mayor orientación positiva hacia su grupo étnico, a diferencia de quienes utilizan una estrategia de corte "individualista" (asimilados y marginados).
RESUMO
En dos muestras de 261 cráneos (149 masculinos y 112 femeninos) y en 224 cráneos con sus respectivas mandíbulas (114 masculinos y 110 femeninos) del Perú Precolombino, se registró la frecuencia de torus palatinus y torus mandibularis respectivamente. Del primer grupo de cráneos se encontró una frecuencia del 48,7 por ciento de torus palatinus; el 44,9 por ciento de los casos de torus palatinus fueron pequeños; el 48 por ciento y el 52 por ciento representaron las formas plana y fusiforme; y se concluyó que casi no hubo relación con la edad, el sexo y con la altura del paladar, lo cual es contrario al alto porcentaje encontrado en relación con el arco alveolar convergente (50,6 por ciento). Del segundo grupo de cráneos, la frecuencia de torus mandibularis fue del 11,6 por ciento; el 46 por ciento y el 8 por ciento presentaron sólo torus palatinus y sólo torus mandibularis; el 3,6 por ciento presentaron ambas variaciones a la vez, y el 53,8 por ciento de los torus mandibularis fueron simples unilaterales y localizados más en el lado derecho. Por último, no se encontró correlación entre la presencia de ambas variaciones anatómicas
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Palato/anormalidades , Paleontologia , Exostose/epidemiologia , Cefalometria/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Estudio prospectivo que se realizó con el propósito de observar los cambios en la presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) y en la frecuencia cardíaca, después de la inyección de una, dos o tres dosis sucesivas de 1.8 ml. de clorhidrato de mepivacaína al 2 por ciento, con levo-nordefrina 1:20,000 en pacientes con hipertensión arterial esencial no complicada, bajo tratamiento antihipertensivo en consultorio externo del Servicio de Cardiología del "Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia". Se incluyó a 36 pacientes que fueron divididos en tres grupos de 12 cada uno, 6 de sexo femenino y 6 de sexo masculino. Se les aplicó 1, 2 o 3 dosis del anestésico de acuerdo al procedimiento odontológico a realizar, la PAS y la PAD y la frecuencia cardíaca fueron controlados en cada paciente antes de la inyección y a los 5, 10 y 15 minutos después de la inyección. En este estudio se observó que el anestésic empleado asociado a un vasoconstrictor no mostraron cambios importantes en la PAS y PAD ni en la frecuencia cardíaca con la dosis empleada
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Vasoconstritores/farmacologia , Norepinefrina/farmacologia , Anestesia Local , Frequência Cardíaca , Hipertensão/terapia , Mepivacaína/farmacologiaRESUMO
El presente estudio se realizó en la Clínica Estomatológica de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia en Lima, utilizando la técnica ELISA para evaluar la presencia del antígeno de superficie del virus de la hepatitis B (HBsAg) y del anticuerpo del antígeno de superficie del virus de la hepatitis B (Anti-HBs). Se tomaron muestras de sangre aleatoriamente seleccionada de 100 pacientes ambulatorios en tratamiento en los dos servicios de la Clínica Estomatológica Docente (Clínica Estomatológica y Medicina, Cirugía y Patología Oral). La prevalencia del HBsAg fue de 6,00 por ciento y la del Anti-HBs fue de 24,00 por ciento; la prevalencia de la sumatoria de ambos marcadores séricos fue mayor de la estimada para la población de Lima y semejante a la estimada para la población del Perú. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la seropositividad y los lugares de nacimiento y residencia, así como con la ocupación. No se encontraron diferencias de significación estadística entre el conocimiento del paciente de exposición previa a la enfermedad y la seropositividad, tampoco se encontraron diferencias de significación estadística de la posible infectividad entre los pacientes de ambos servicios de la Clínica Estomatológica
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vírus da Hepatite B/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/isolamento & purificação , Biomarcadores/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/normasRESUMO
Se reporta el caso de un niño de 9 años de edad, que desarrolló osteomielitis estafilocócica de tibia derecha y compromiso pulmonar (neumonía) a partir de una septicemia originada en una celulitis facial de evolución severa y rápida. El niño aparentemente no tenía ningún factor predisponente. Se describen las características clínicas, la evolución y se discuten los aspectos particulares que tienen las infecciones por estafilococos