Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Nutritional Status in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Trial.

BACKGROUND: Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human beings and its deficiency affects their normal growth and development. OBJECTIVE: The main aim was to evaluate the effect of two doses of zinc supplementation (ZS) on the nutritional status in chronic kidney disease (CKD) children. METHODS: A randomized-trial multicentric study was conducted in 48 CKD (23 females) patients under 18-years-old, for a year. At random, participants took 30 or 15 mg/day of ZS, respectively. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analysis were performed. Hypozincemia was determined by serum zinc concentration (SZC) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The positive or negative change in patients' body mass index (BMI) Z-score, serum albumin, zinc and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were used to evaluate the effect of ZS. RESULTS: Mean SZC was normal before and after ZS. Despite ZS, there were no significant changes in serum albumin, zinc and CRP levels. A positive and significant association was observed between SZC and serum albumin before (p = 0.000) and after (p = 0.007) ZS. In both groups of ZS, there was a small but positive and significant change in body mass and normalization in BMI Z-score, hypoalbuminemia, hypozincemia and high CRP, especially with 30 mg/day of ZS. CONCLUSIONS: Zinc supplementation may be beneficial for nutritional status in children and adolescents with CKD.

El desarrollo histológico del tejido óseo en carencia de riboflavina / The histológico development of the bone tissue in deficiency of riboflavin

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar los cambios histológicos que ocurren en el fémur y en la mandíbula de la progenie de ratas albinas durante la gestación y la lactancia hasta los 28 días de edad, sometidas con dietas de diferentes concentraciones de Riboflavina (B2). Se conformaron cuatro grupos de ratas albinas raza Holtzman con capacidad de reproducción y según el requerimiento de Riboflavina: Grupo A (100 por ciento de B2), Grupo B (50 por ciento de B2), Grupo C (25 por ciento de B2) y Grupo D (0 por ciento de B2). Las crías de las ratas de cada grupo fueron sacrificadas a los 0,7,14,21, y 28 días y se sometieron a un estudio histológico en tinción H.E. y Masson. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la deficiencia o la carencia total de B2, ocasiona alteraciones en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las ratas crías, manifestándose una menor talla y disminución del peso corporal y microscópicamente revela: que la carencia total de Riboflavina (0 por ciento) en la dieta materna ocasiona en el tejido óseo de las crías (fémur y mandíbula) una población celular menor de osteocitos, osteoblastos, osteoclastos y muy escasa cantidad de fibras colágenas en la matriz ósea, notándose dicha diferencia más marcada a partir de los siete días en adelante.

The investigation aims is determining the histological changes which appear in the femur and the jaw of the albino rats offspring during the gestation and the nursing, until the 28 days of age having different riboflavin concentrations in the diet. It was conformed four groups of Holtzman albinos rats with reproductions capacity, according to the demand of riboflavin: Group A (100% of B2), Group B (50% of B2), Group C (25% of B2) and Group D (0% of B2). The rats offspring of each group were extracted and sacrifidied at the 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days from the birth. Then they were submitted a histological studying with Eosin Hematoxylin and Masson Stains. The deficiency or total lack of B2, produced alterations in the offspring growth and development. The obtained results showed: small light and diminution of the corporal weight, and microscopically reveals: for total lack of Riboflavin in the diet (0%), presented reduction on the cellular populations of osteocytes, osteoclastes and osteoclastes a scare quantify of collagen fibers. That difference is more motorius from the 7 days of age.