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BACKGROUND: Severe events during the perinatal period can be experienced as traumatic by pregnant women, their partners or others who are closely involved. This includes maternity care providers who can be affected by being involved in or observing these events. This may have an impact on their personal well-being and professional practice, influencing quality of care. The aim of this study is to map research investigating the impact of severe events during the perinatal period on maternity care providers, and how these experiences affect their well-being and professional practice. METHOD: A scoping review following the manual of the Joanna Briggs Institute was undertaken. The electronic bibliographic databases included PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, SocINDEX, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science and databases for grey literature. Records passing the two-stage screening process were assessed, and their reference lists hand searched. We included primary research papers that presented data from maternity care professionals on the impact of severe perinatal traumatic events. A descriptive content analysis and synthesis was undertaken. RESULTS: Following a detailed systematic search and screening of 1,611 records, 57 papers were included in the scoping review. Results of the analysis identified four categories, which highlighted the impact of traumatic perinatal events on maternity care providers, mainly midwives, obstetricians and nurses: Traumatic events, Impact of traumatic events on care providers, Changes in care providers' practice and Support for care providers; each including several subcategories. CONCLUSION: The impact of traumatic perinatal events on maternity care providers ranged from severe negative responses where care providers moved position or resigned from their employment in maternity care, to responses where they felt they became a better clinician. However, a substantial number appeared to be negatively affected by traumatic events without getting adequate support. Given the shortage of maternity staff and the importance of a sustainable workforce for effective maternity care, the impact of traumatic perinatal events requires serious consideration in maintaining their wellbeing and positive engagement when conducting their profession. Future research should explore which maternity care providers are mostly at risk for the impact of traumatic events and which interventions can contribute to prevention.
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Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Assistência Perinatal/normas , Serviços de Saúde Materna/normasRESUMO
PURPOSE: Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer (OC) increases survival rates; however, due to low awareness levels, women may be diagnosed with OC at the advanced stage. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to reveal the OC awareness of Turkish women and affecting factors. METHODS: Participants were invited to study via social media tools between February-June 2022. Data was collected with Personal Information Form and the "OC Awareness Scale" from 446 women. RESULTS: 81% of the participants did not recall OC symptoms, 80.8% recognized OC risk factors. The most frequently recalled and recognized OC symptom is pelvic pain (19.8%; 55.8%, respectively). The most frequently recalled and recognized OC risk factors were smoking (43.1%, 67.9%, respectively) and family history (39%, 58.7%, respectively). 2% of the participants felt very confident in recognizing the signs, 72.9% would seek help within 1-2 days when they recognized the signs of OC. CONCLUSIONS: The awareness of OC was higher among women who had advanced age, higher education, family history and were in menopause. Turkish women have low level of awareness and knowledge about OC symptoms and risk factors. There is an urgent need for an OC awareness campaign that takes into account the socio-demographic characteristics of women. The results of the study may also guide strategies to prevent OC.
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Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Humanos , Feminino , Turquia , Estudos Transversais , Neoplasias Ovarianas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/prevenção & controle , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Transgender individuals form a distinct community that often experiences marginalization within society. This marginalization is particularly pronounced in patriarchal countries, where transgender men encounter various challenges across psychological, medical, legal, and social domains during their transition. The study design to conduct a thorough analysis of the life experiences and perspectives of transgender men in Türkiye. It involved 15 participants and the collected data were subsequently analyzed using the constant comparative method, a key technique within grounded theory methodology. The coding process resulted in three main themes: "Realizing gender identity", "Impact of social support sources", and "The nature of being visible", and six sub-themes were formed, the core category being " Despite the numerous challenges encountered along the way, when I gazed into the mirror, I realized I had attained the identity I had long desired". Transgender individuals in the study expressed encountering emotional, physical, and psychological challenges throughout their personal journeys. However, despite these difficulties, they reported experiencing a sense of satisfaction and contentment upon reaching the end of their transition process. It is recommended to implement counseling services specifically tailored for transgender individuals and their families and incorporate transgender-related content into the training programs of professionals working with transgender individuals.
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AIMS: The aim of the study was to explore the effects of perceived stress during the pandemic on marital adjustment, sexual life and intimate partner violence. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design was employed in this study. METHODS: The data were collected with an online survey between October and December 2020 from 901 participants in Turkey. Participants completed the Descriptive Information Form, the Marital Adjustment Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale. Multivariate analysis of variance and moderation analysis were used in the analysis of the data. RESULTS: The pre-pandemic marital adjustment scores of the participants significantly decreased during the pandemic. The marital adjustment and sexual life of those with high perceived stress levels were found to be negatively affected, and they were exposed to violence during the pandemic. In the moderation analysis, a non-standardized coefficient of the marital adjustment variable in the model turned out to be significant, and the perceived stress decreased as marital adjustment increased. The marital adjustment was low, and the stress level was high in individuals exposed to violence. Besides, perceived stress was found to be effective in being exposed to intimate partner violence. CONCLUSION: The stress perceived by individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected their marital adjustment and sexual life. Besides, perceived stress was found to be effective in being exposed to intimate partner violence, and marital adjustment decreased during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. IMPACT: During the pandemic period, health care providers should routinely screen the psychosocial health of individuals. Continuous, accessible, free psychosocial support services should be available in order to increase the psychosocial health and marital adjustment of people with high-stress levels and prevent exposure to violence. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The conduct of this study is based on an online survey with participants living in the same house with their spouses during the pandemic.
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COVID-19 , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Humanos , Pandemias , Estudos Transversais , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologiaRESUMO
Although gynecological cancers are among the most common cancers worldwide, these diagnoses are among the most traumatic experiences in women's lives. This study aimed to examine the effects of logotherapy-based, nurse-guided meaning attribution conversations (MACs) on traumatic stress symptoms, post-traumatic growth, spiritual well-being, and life meaning attribution in gynecological cancer patients. This single-blind, randomized controlled trial consisted of face-to-face interviews with 68 women with gynecological cancer who received chemotherapy at Karadeniz Technical University Health Application And Research Center Farabi Hospital in 2019. Women in the intervention group underwent seven MAC sessions, whereas women in the control group only received routine nursing care. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form (PIF), the Traumatic Stress Symptom Scale (TSSS), the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). Descriptive statistics and parametric and nonparametric tests (Mann - Whitney U-test, Friedman test, Chi-squared test, and Fisher's exact test) were used to analyze the data. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05246462). We observed statistically significant differences in the post-intervention and follow-up mean TSSS, PTGI, and MLQ scores (p = .000) between groups. However, mean total SWBS scores were not significantly different between groups (p = .145). This study demonstrated that MACs decreased the traumatic stress symptoms of women with gynecological cancer and increased their post-traumatic growth and ability to attribute meaning to life, but did not affect their spiritual well-being.
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Ginecologia , Neoplasias , Feminino , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Logoterapia , Método Simples-Cego , ComunicaçãoRESUMO
In this study, the researchers investigated to the impact of pregnant women's health-seeking behavior and mode of birth preferences on pregnancy distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted with 351 pregnant women. The risk rate of pregnancy distress using the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS) cut-off point was 16.5%. 13.3% of pregnant women changed their mode of birth preferences due to the pandemic. The risk of pregnancy distress in women who changed their mode of birth preferences due to the pandemic increased 5.4 times more than in those who preferred vaginal birth before and during the pandemic (OR: 5.4, p<0.001). We determined that the increase in the Health Seeking Behavior Scale total scores had a reducing effect on pregnancy distress due to a lack of partner involvement for TPDS.
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BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented burden on nurses who have been at the forefront of patient care. The continuous exposure to suffering, death, and overwhelming demands has the potential to lead to compassion fatigue, a state of emotional, physical, and cognitive exhaustion. RESEARCH AIM: The study aimed to explore and understand the phenomenon of compassion fatigue in nurses as the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESEARCH DESIGN: A constructivist grounded theory design was used. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: The research data were collected from 20 nurses who had been employed in pandemic clinics in Turkey for a minimum of 6 months. Data were collected using a two-step approach: purposeful sample selection followed by theoretical sample selection. Individual interviews were conducted via an online platform with participants who consented to participate in the study from January 16th to April 28th, 2022. The collected data underwent initial, focused, and theoretical coding for analysis. The research findings were reported following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Ethical approval for the study was received from Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee. The study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki. FINDINGS: The study identified a core category, namely the desire to provide the best care, which was accompanied by five main categories: causes, symptoms, consequences, coping methods, and the benefits of coping methods. CONCLUSION: During the pandemic process, nurses have experienced compassion fatigue due to various factors and have seen its symptoms. Nurses have developed various coping mechanisms individually. However, they have not indicated any institutional-level support. It has become necessary to plan nurse-centered comprehensive interventions that will reduce compassion fatigue.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of gynaecological cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic from their own perspectives. METHODS: The study is a descriptive study with a qualitative design based on thematic analysis. We conducted the study with 17 women with gynaecological cancer and receiving chemotherapy in the Medical Oncology and Chemotherapy Unit of Kütahya Training and Research Hospital. The data were collected between April 2021 and May 2021 via an in-depth individual interview form. The COREQ checklist was followed in the study. RESULTS: As a result of the interviews, we identified four main themes: the impacts of COVID-19 on life, the impact of COVID-19 on cancer treatment, the biggest fear during the COVID-19 pandemic and the metaphors of struggling with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: The disruption of treatment services during the COVID-19 pandemic and women's fear of infection by the virus led to delays in cancer diagnosis and treatment. This situation caused the women's state of health to deteriorate, and the resultant regret and sadness that they experienced had an adverse effect on their mental health. Furthermore, women's self-isolation due to the fear of infection by the virus had a negative effect on their psychosocial health. Telehealth services should be provided for cancer patients to obtain accurate information and to easily access information about treatment processes during the pandemic, and telepsychological hotlines and peer support groups should be established to improve the psychosocial health of patients.
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COVID-19 , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos , Feminino , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/terapia , Humanos , Pandemias , Pesquisa Qualitativa , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
The researchers sought to determine the correlation level and factors that affect the correlation between pregnant women's marital adjustment and their identification with the motherhood role. A total of 146 healthy, married, and pregnant women were included. There was a negative and significantly low-level correlation between marital adjustment and identification with the motherhood role. The correlation was significant among women who were multiparous, married for six to 10 years, with low level of education, and decided to marry in agreement. The authors of this study suggest promoting marital adjustment may be way to facilitate women's identification with the motherhood role.
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Casamento , Gestantes , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , GravidezRESUMO
AIMS: This study examined the experiences of nurses diagnosed with COVID-19 under the guidance of Meleis' Transitions Theory. BACKGROUND: Nurses, who make up the majority of healthcare professionals, are struggling with COVID-19, a silent war, on the front lines at the cost of their lives. The pandemic has deeply affected nurses' lives, and hundreds of nurses around the world have been diagnosed with COVID-19 and died. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study. Data were collected from 18 nurses who experienced COVID-19 symptoms, with a semistructured interview form prepared based on Meleis' Transitions Theory concepts. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a thematic analysis technique. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist was used in the study. RESULTS: The six themes that emerged in the data analysis were emotions experienced when nurses tested positive for COVID-19, emotions experienced during the quarantine process, posttraumatic growth, methods of coping with COVID-19, nursing care after COVID-19 treatment, and metaphors about COVID-19. CONCLUSION: This study showed that being diagnosed with COVID-19 caused nurses to have both positive (posttraumatic growth, empathic and psychosocial nursing care) and negative experiences (fear of death, stigma, etc.). They tried to cope with adverse situations due to COVID-19 by obtaining social support, thinking positively, and engaging in domestic activities. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: To reduce COVID-19-related physical and psychological symptoms, appropriate policies should be developed for effective and rapid nursing workforce planning, extending the time allocated for postdiagnosis treatment, updating infection control and prevention guides, training nurses, and providing ongoing psychosocial counseling services that nurses can access.
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Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Humanos , Transtornos Fóbicos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Turquia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The current study aimed to explore the experiences and coping methods of primiparous (i.e., first-time) mothers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 17 primiparous mothers. Data were analyzed using Glaser's grounded theory analysis. A core theme emerged-Psychologically Worn Out Due to the Challenges of Becoming a Mother and Fear of Something Happening to the Baby-and was related to the following subthemes: postpartum mental health, maternal adjustment, maternal attachment, baby care, and coping methods. The study revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affects all aspects of motherhood in postpartum primiparous mothers. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60(6), 43-51.].
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COVID-19 , Mães , Feminino , Teoria Fundamentada , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Mães/psicologia , Pandemias , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected the physical and psychosocial health of pregnant women and their access to antenatal care and health services. AIM: To examine women's pregnancy experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in a qualitative design with 14 pregnant women who were admitted to a state hospital pregnancy outpatient clinic for antenatal control. The data were collected using a semi-structured individual interview form and were analysed using the thematic analysis technique. COREQ checklist guide was followed in the study. RESULTS: The pregnancy experiences of women in the COVID-19 pandemic were examined under 7 main themes: "physical health, psychosocial health, adaptation to pregnancy, pregnancy follow-ups, social life, spouse relationship and coping methods". Pregnant women have both positive and negative pregnancy experiences in the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the pandemic has affected both the physical and psychosocial health of pregnant women, their social life, marital relationship and access to antenatal care services. Health professionals need to evaluate psychosocial health as well as the physical health of pregnant women, especially during the pandemic, and create a care plan accordingly. Midwives and other health professionals should improve the bio-psychosocial health of the pregnant/family via telehealth and counselling services.
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COVID-19 , Pandemias , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Gestantes , Pesquisa Qualitativa , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyse the factors associated with a negative childbirth experience from the perspective of the women who gave birth vaginally. BACKGROUND: A negative birth experience can pose a risk for both the maternal/newborn health and the health of the community by disturbing the physical and spiritual health of the woman/family. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted with 11 mothers who gave birth vaginally assisted by midwives in a state hospital. The data were collected using in-depth interviews and analysed using the thematic analysis technique. RESULTS: The factors causing the women to have negative birth perceptions were analysed under four main themes: challenges/difficulties encountered, the inadequate communication of health professionals, embarrassment/privacy and inadequate hospital facilities. The mothers indicated that they had experienced their births negatively due to personal reasons such as the inability to cope with labour pain, inability to push, hospital policies such as interventions at birth and hunger. In addition, some of the participants stated that they had difficulty and felt embarrassed during vaginal examinations. CONCLUSION: The sociocultural characteristics of mothers, hospital facilities and rules, medical and traditional practices at birth, inadequate empathic communication of health professionals and reproductive health policies can lead to negative childbirth experiences.
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Parto Obstétrico/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Parto/psicologia , Satisfação do Paciente , Adulto , Comunicação , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Médico-Paciente , Gravidez , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Evaluation of the maternal function is important not only for the mother and the baby but for the family health, as well. The aim of the researchers was to examine the Barkin Index of Maternal Function (BIMF) to Turkish Culture. Two hundred thirty-five postpartum women participated in the study. As a result of exploratory factor analysis of the scale, we decided that it should be 5-factor. Fit indexes of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were determined as Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) 0.05, Non-normed Fit Index (NNFI) 0.94, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.96, and Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) 0.91. Overall, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.73. BIMF was determined as a reliable and valid tool for Turkish society. Since giving birth to a baby is related not only with the new mother but also with her relatives, it is one of the biggest change eras in a woman's life. This new era brings new changes into the mother's life in terms of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects.
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Mães , Cuidado Pós-Natal/métodos , Período Pós-Parto/etnologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Comparação Transcultural , Análise Fatorial , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , TurquiaRESUMO
Turkey receives the largest number of Syrian refugees in the world. Some of these refugee women become mothers in Turkey. This paper reports on a qualitative, descriptive study that investigated the experience of seven Syrian women migrants who gave birth in Turkey, and explores their experiences of transition to motherhood in a foreign country. The research identified that aspects of transition can be clustered under five main themes: difficulties during the pregnancy period, giving birth in a foreign country, problems of refugee mothers, milestones in life of refugee mothers, and influence of cultural beliefs of refugee mothers on baby care. Key findings revealed that the women in the study had negative experiences related to being pregnant and having a baby in a foreign country. In addition to identifying challenges associated with migration, such as language barriers, racism, discrimination, poverty, and separation from their culture and family, the study highlighted the fears and difficulties experienced by refugee mothers, the cultural beliefs of refugee women about caring for their babies, and turning points in the life of refugee mothers.
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Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Mães/psicologia , Refugiados/psicologia , Adulto , Medo/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Síria/etnologia , TurquiaRESUMO
Background and Purpose: Cancer patients experience physical and psychological ailments resulting from cancer illness, a difficult and long treatment process and fear of death. Nurse-patient interaction seems to play an important role when responding to the psychological needs of patients with cancer. The aim of this study is to adapt and examine the psychometric properties of the Nurse-Patient Interaction Scale (NPIS) among Turkish cancer patients. Design and Method: In a cross-sectional design, patients receiving cancer treatment at Farabi hospital in Turkey responded to the Personal Information Form and the NPIS. Descriptive statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied. Findings: The NPIS was found to be suitable for a single factor structure, including 11 out of the original 14 items. The 11-items uni-dimensional model showed an acceptable/good fit with the data: χ2 = 154.369, (df = 44), χ2/df = 3.51, p = .0001, RMSEA = 0.100, p-value for test of close fit = 0.0001, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.97 and SRMR = 0.012.
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Neoplasias , Humanos , Psicometria , Turquia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Understanding the relationship between fear of gynecological cancer and awareness of cancer in women may help oncology nurses increase women's participation in gynecological cancer screening. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between women's gynecological cancer awareness and cancer fear using social media and the affecting factors. METHODS: In a descriptive and cross-sectional study design, online data were collected from 1231 women aged 20 to 69 years through social media using the Descriptive Information Form, the Gynecological Cancer Awareness Scale (GCAS), and the Cancer Worry Scale (CWS). Analytic tests included paired t tests, analysis of variance, and post hoc correlations and structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The women's total mean GCAS score was above moderate (152 ± 17), and their mean CWS score was high (19 ± 5). There was no relationship between the GCAS and CWS mean scores. Characteristics of participants with high awareness of gynecological cancer were being young, having a high educational level, having children, living in a province, having a history of cancer or family history of cancer, and having regular gynecological examinations, Papanicolaou smear tests, breast self-examination, and vulva examinations (P < .05). The fear of cancer was higher in women with children, a family history of cancer, and regular gynecological examination behaviors (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Awareness of gynecological cancer was not significantly statistically associated with fear of cancer. Certain sociodemographic and gynecological characteristics are associated with awareness of gynecological cancer and/or fear of cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Oncology nurses may plan individualized or large-scale educational events that may make use of social media to enhance accurate awareness of gynecological cancer and related examinations in women.
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BACKGROUND: For nurses to carry out their responsibilities related to preoperative care in the best possible way, it is very important for them to receive competency-based training and for their competences to be measured with reliable and valid tools in the training process. OBJECTIVE: To develop a measurement tool that evaluates nursing students' perceived competence for preoperative nursing care. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, methodological study. SETTING: Two universities in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 661 second, third and fourth grade nursing students participated in the study. METHODS: Items were created in line with the nursing competencies published by the International Council of Nurses, the competencies in the perioperative period nursing practices published by the European Operating Room Nurses Association, and a review of the literature. Then, to test the content validity, the items were submitted for expert opinion and a pilot implementation was made with 50 nursing students. Furthermore, the construct validity of the scale was tested with exploratory factor analysis (n = 253) and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 350). Test-retest stability was also investigated for the PPreCC-NS (n = 58), in the study. RESULTS: According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.948, and the Bartlett test χ2 was 7765.23; p < 0.001. Three items with a factor loading value below 0.50 were removed from the scale, and the obtained factor structure explained 62.25 % of the variance. The fit indices of the scale model tested in the confirmatory factor analysis were determined as χ2/df = 2.74, RMSEA = 0.07, CFI = 0.92, GFI = 0.88, AGFI = 0.85, IFI = 0.92. The structure of the draft scale was confirmed with 5 factors and 22 items. The Cronbach alpha values were found to be 0.79-0.96 for the sub-dimensions of the scale and 0.94 for the total scale. Data also showed a good test-retest stability (ICC = 0.72). CONCLUSIONS: This scale is a reliable and valid measurement tool for nursing students to determine their level of perceived competence for preoperative nursing care. It is recommended that the psychometric structure of the scale be evaluated with further studies on larger and more diverse samples.
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Cuidados de Enfermagem , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Psicometria/métodos , Cuidados Pré-OperatóriosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Midwives experiencing traumatic births are emotionally affected by this process, lose their self-confidence, and may intend to leave the profession. This study aims to carry out a meta-synthesis of current qualitative research exploring the experiences of midwives witnessing traumatic births. METHODS: The meta-synthesis consisted of 18 full-text studies in English, obtained from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases. The results of the studies were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique. The study includes qualitative, mixedmethod, and full-text studies published between 2000 and 2020 that explored the experiences of midwives and obstetric nurses witnessing birth trauma. RESULTS: The thematic analysis identified seven themes: post-traumatic feelings, posttraumatic stress symptoms, the impact of trauma on professional values, social support, learning from experience, legal process, and reflection of emotions of women experiencing traumatic birth on the midwife. CONCLUSIONS: Midwives who witnessed traumatic birth were mostly emotionally affected. They lost their self-confidence and intended to leave their profession. They emphasized the importance of peer support through which they could share their experiences after trauma. Psychological education should be provided to midwives who witness the trauma by specialists, and midwives should be strengthened against the effects of trauma in terms of both the institutional policies where the birth takes place and midwifery-specific legal policies.
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Posttraumatic growth is a positive psychological change that occurs as a result of tackling vital crises. Although cancer is perceived as a fatal disease, the individual's struggle with many negative conditions during diagnosis and treatment can provide positive change and development. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure of the posttraumatic growth inventory (PTGI) in Turkish cancer patients. This study included 265 cancer patients receiving treatment at the chemotherapy unit of two university hospitals located in northern Turkey. Percentages, frequencies, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to analyse the data, and Cronbach's α measured internal consistency. EFA yielded a five-factor structure: Spiritual and existential change, change in perception of life and selfness, relating to others, personal strength and new possibilities. Fit indices for CFA were root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), 0.06; non-normed fit index (NNFI), 0.92; comparative fit index (CFI), 0.90; root mean residuals (RMR), 0.06; and goodness-of-fit index (GFI), 0.90. The overall Cronbach's α of the scale was 0.93. PTGI was determined as a reliable and valid tool for Turkish cancer patients. PTGI, which has a determined validity and reliability rate, can be used by healthcare professionals working with oncology patients to evaluate the positive psychological growth and changes in cancer patients and determine their adoption rate.