Unveiling Antibiotic Resistance, Clonal Diversity, and Biofilm Formation in E. coli Isolated from Healthy Swine in Portugal.

Escherichia coli, a commensal microorganism found in the gastrointestinal tract of human and animal hosts, plays a central role in agriculture and public health. Global demand for animal products has promoted increased pig farming, leading to growing concerns about the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains in swine populations. It should be noted that a significant portion of antibiotics deployed in swine management belong to the critically important antibiotics (CIA) class, which should be reserved for human therapeutic applications. This study aimed to characterize the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, genetic diversity, virulence characteristics, and biofilm formation of E. coli strains in healthy pigs from various farms across central Portugal. Our study revealed high levels of antibiotic resistance, with resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, tobramycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Multidrug resistance is widespread, with some strains resistant to seven different antibiotics. The ampC gene, responsible for broad-spectrum resistance to cephalosporins and ampicillin, was widespread, as were genes associated with resistance to sulfonamide and beta-lactam antibiotics. The presence of high-risk clones, such as ST10, ST101, and ST48, are a concern due to their increased virulence and multidrug resistance profiles. Regarding biofilm formation, it was observed that biofilm-forming capacity varied significantly across different compartments within pig farming environments. In conclusion, our study highlights the urgent need for surveillance and implementation of antibiotic management measures in the swine sector. These measures are essential to protect public health, ensure animal welfare, and support the swine industry in the face of the growing global demand for animal products.

Generation and phenotypic analysis of protein S-deficient mice.

Protein S (PS) is an important natural anticoagulant with potentially multiple biologic functions. To investigate further the role of PS in vivo, we generated Pros(+/-) heterozygous mice. In the null (-) allele, the Pros exons 3 to 7 have been excised through conditional gene targeting. Pros(+/-) mice did not present any signs of spontaneous thrombosis and had reduced PS plasma levels and activated protein C cofactor activity in plasma coagulation and thrombin generation assays. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor cofactor activity of PS could not be demonstrated. Heterozygous Pros(+/-) mice exhibited a notable thrombotic phenotype in vivo when challenged in a tissue factor-induced thromboembolism model. No viable Pros(-/-) mice were obtained through mating of Pros(+/-) parents. Most E17.5 Pros(-/-) embryos were found dead with severe intracranial hemorrhages and most likely presented consumptive coagulopathy, as demonstrated by intravascular and interstitial fibrin deposition and an increased number of megakaryocytes in the liver, suggesting peripheral thrombocytopenia. A few E17.5 Pros(-/-) embryos had less severe phenotype, indicating that life-threatening manifestations might occur between E17.5 and the full term. Thus, similar to human phenotypes, mild heterozygous PS deficiency in mice was associated with a thrombotic phenotype, whereas total homozygous deficiency in PS was incompatible with life.

Factors associated with the needs of specialised dental treatment among adults aged 35-44 years old in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: a multilevel cross-sectional study.

This study evaluated the individual and contextual factors associated with the specialised dental treatment needs of a population of adults aged 35 to 44 years old in the state of Minas Gerais. The individual variables were obtained from the database of the SB Minas Gerais project - a survey of oral health status of the population of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The variables at the municipal level were derived from any available public databases related to oral health services. A multilevel analysis was performed to evaluate the association of independent individuals and contextual variables with or without dental treatment needs in the secondary care of the oral health network. Individuals with a higher income (OR 0.53; CI95% 0.31-0.93) and with greater access to oral health care (OR 0.94; CI95% 0.90-0.99) had less secondary care treatment needs. Income and access to oral health care are related to the needs of specialised dental treatment in Minas Gerais.

Estudo da biodegradação de carcaças de aves por meio do processo de compostagem em biodigestores fechados descontínuos / Study of poultry carcass biodegradation through the Composting process in closed discontinuous digesters

RESUMO O estudo da biodegradação de carcaças de aves por meio da compostagem em biodigestores fechados descontínuos possibilitou a avaliação da compostagem como forma alternativa para o tratamento dos resíduos sólidos gerados nas granjas. O estudo iniciou com a caracterização dos resíduos que seriam usados no processo e transcorreu por meio das análises e do monitoramento dos parâmetros identificados para avaliar o processo de compostagem dentro do biodigestor. A compostagem se mostrou satisfatória ao final do processo, sendo que todas as carcaças foram totalmente degradadas e não apresentaram riscos ambientais.

ABSTRACT The study on poultry carcasses' biodegradation through composting in closed discontinuous digesters enabled the evaluation of composting as an alternative for the treatment of solid waste generated on farms. The study began with the characterization of the waste that would be used in the process and went through the analysis and monitoring of the identified parameters to evaluate the composting process inside the digester. The composting was found satisfactory at the end of the process, and all carcasses were totally degraded and did not present any environmental risks.

A TP53 founder mutation, p.R337H, is associated with phyllodes breast tumors in Brazil.

A few studies have reported phyllodes tumors (PT) of the breast with germline TP53 mutations. Given this potential association and the high frequency of the TP53 p.R337H in southern and southeastern Brazil, the aim of this study was to assess whether p.R337H occurs among women diagnosed with such rare tumors in this region. Benign, borderline, and malignant breast PT were retrieved from eight pathology laboratories, and DNA was extracted from tumor tissue to perform p.R337H analysis. Overall, 128 cases classified as benign, 7 as borderline, and 13 as malignant PT were included in the study. The TP53 p.R337H mutation was identified in tumor cells of eight (5.4 %) cases. Analysis of DNA from non-tumoral tissue was possible in two of these, and both were p.R337H carriers in the germline. In addition, haplotype analysis was done in these two p.R337H carriers showing the presence of the founder haplotype previously reported in Brazilian mutation-positive individuals. Mutation frequency was significantly higher among malignant (3 of 13; 23 %) compared to benign tumors (5 of 128; 3.4 %) (p = 0.004). Mean age at PT diagnosis was not significantly different between mutation carriers and non-carriers. However, when subgroups where analyzed, the difference in age at diagnosis of carriers versus non-carriers within the group of benign tumors reached borderline significance. Our findings reinforce previous evidence that TP53 mutations have an important role in the development of both benign and malignant PT of the breast.

Effect of finishing and polishing on surface roughness of composite resins after bleaching

AIM : To evaluate the influence of finishing and polishing techniques on the surface roughness of two composite resins (CRs) subjected to bleaching procedure. METHODS : Forty-eight CR specimens were divided into six groups (n=8). For G1 to G3, a microhybrid CR (Opallis; FGM) was used, and G4 to G6, received a nanohybrid CR (Brilliant NewLine; Coltène/Whaledent). All specimens were subjected to bleaching procedure with 35% hydrogen peroxide (two 45-min applications, with a 5-day interval). The surface roughness of all specimens was evaluated before and after the bleaching and/or finishing/polishing (Ra parameter) by a roughness meter. After bleaching, the groups were subjected to finishing and polishing procedures: G2 and G5 - felt discs + diamond pastes; and G3 and G6 - silicon rubber tips. The control groups (G1 and G4) had no finishing or polishing treatment after bleaching. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's post-test, and t test for paired samples (a=0.05). RESULTS : bleaching treatment increased Ra values for the nanohybrid CR specimens, but both finishing/polishing techniques were able to reduce these values; for the microhybrid specimens, only finishing/polishing with silicon rubber tips decreased the roughness values. CONCLUSIONS : For both microhybrid and nanohybrid CRs, the silicon rubber tips were effective to reduce the surface roughness after bleaching procedure...

Efeito de diferentes agentes clareadores de uso caseiro na microdureza superficial de resinas compostas: microhíbrida X nanohíbrida / Effect of different at-home bleaching agents in microhardness surface of resin composites: microhybrid X nanohybrid

Avaliou-se o efeito de agentes clareadores de uso caseiro na microdureza de resinas compostas (RC) microhíbrida e nanohíbrida. Foram confeccionados 30 corpos-de-prova (cp), divididos em seis grupos (n=5). Os grupos G1 a G3 utilizaram RC microhíbrida (Opallis), e os grupos G4 a G6, RC nanohíbrida (BrilliantNewLine). Os agentes clareadores utilizados foram: peróxido de hidrogênio 6% (PH) (White Class Cálcio) e peróxido de carbamida 16% (PC) (Whiteness Perfect). Após a confecção dos cp, o clareamento foi realizado: G1 e G4: grupo controle sem agente clareador, G2 e G5: PH - 28 dias, G3 e G6: PC - 28 dias, de acordo com as recomendações dos fabricantes. Em seguida, o teste de microdureza foi realizado. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por ANOVA e Tukey (5%). Os resultados de microdureza (HV) e desvio-padrão foram: G1-26,56 ± 3,9, G2-25,98 ± 3,3 e G3-24,94 ± 4,4; G4-27,24 ± 3,3; G5-32,02 ± 6,4 e 37,72 G6- ± 8,1. O único grupo que apresentou diferenças significativas para os outros foi o G6 (p <0,05), mas não diferiu significativamente em relação ao G5 (p = 0,0058). Concluiu-se que o uso de agentes clareadores de uso caseiro não afetou negativamente a microdureza das resinas compostas testadas.

It was evaluated the effects of home bleaching agents on microhardness of microhybrid and nanohybrid composite resins. 30-of-body were made and divided into 6 groups (n=5). The groups G1 to G3 used a microhybrid CR (Opallis), while groups G4 to G6 used a nanohybrid CR (BrilliantNewLine). The bleaching agents used were: 6% hydrogen peroxide (PH) (White Class Cálcio) and 16% carbamide peroxide (PC) (Whiteness Perfect). After the specimens were prepared, the bleaching was realized as follows: G1 and G4: control group without bleaching agent, G2 and G5: PH - 28 days, G3 and G6: PC - 28 days, in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. After it, the microhardness test was performed. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's tests (5%). The results of microhardness (HV) and standard deviation of each group were: G1- 26.56±3.9; G2- 25.98±3.3; G3- 24.94±4.4; G4- 27.24±3.3; G5- 32.02±6.4 and G6- 37.72±8.1. The only group that showed significant differences to the anothers was the G6 (p<0.05), but did not differ significantly in relation to G5 (p=0.0058). It was concluded that the use of home bleaching agents didn't affect negatively the microhardness of the composite resins tested.

Atendimento Odontológico ao paciente com anemia falciforme: revisão de literatura / Dental management of sickle cell anemia patient: literature review

A Anemia Falciforme é um tipo hereditário de doença hemolítica crônica, causada por uma modificação físico-química da molécula de hemoglobina, que provoca, em situações de baixa tensão de oxigênio, distorções na forma normal da hemácia, conferindo-lhe forma de foice. Como conseqüência deste processo de falcização, as células vermelhas tornam-se mais rígidas e apresentam dificuldades para atravessar os vasos sanguíneos, o que resulta em aumento da viscosidade do sangue, levando à obstrução dos vasos e causando hipóxia tecidual. Este evento, referido como crise vaso-oclusiva, é caracterizado por dor severa, que pode persistir por três a quatro dias. A desidratação, o estresse, o frio e infecções podem desencadear estas crises e fatores como alimentação e higienização bucal inadequadas e condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis podem influenciar no equilíbrio do pacinete. Portanto, considerando que pacientes falciformes apresentam muitos problemas médicos, os quais podem interferir no tratamento odontológico, a prevenção das doenças bucais torna-se fundamental. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma revisão de literatura sobre Anemia Falciforme, enfatizando as condutas a serem observadas durante o atendimento odontológico.

Envelhecimento e participação social / Coming of age and social participation

O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer como se processa a participação social dos idosos integrantes do Programa de Atendimento Global na terceira idade da Divisão de Medicina de Reabilitação do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo do ano de 2001. Este é um programa terapêutico que objetiva proporcionar ao idoso a melhoria da capacitação física, psicológica e social. Realizou-se pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa baseada no Instrumento de Avalição Social, utilizado pelas assistentes sociais da Divisão, sendo pesquisado um total de dezessete pacientes. O grupo é composto predominantemente por mulheres, que associaram os relacionamentos interpessoais à possibilidade de participação social. A vontade de estar se relacionando com outras pessoas é o principal fator que lhes motiva a procurar atividades. Constata-se que os membros deste grupo podem ser considerados participativos socialmente, segundo os conceitos de participação que sugerem ao indivíduo a busca de novas atividades e relacionamentos com a chegada da terceira idade.

Cisto ósseo aneurismático orbitário: relato de um caso / Orbital intraosseus aneurismatic cyst: report of a case

Os autores apresentam um caso de cisto ósseo aneurismático intra-orbitário em um jovem de 22 naos, com quadro clínico progressivo de cefaléia e proptose direita. Submetido a tratamento cirúrgico, houve regressäo completa da sintomatologia. O cisto ósseo aneurismático é uma patologia que normalmente envolve as metáfises dos ossos longos, vértebras e ossos planos, comprometendo raramente os ossos cranianos e excepcionalmente a órbita. Considerando tratar-se de uma patologia rara com localizaçäo extremamente incomum, seu tratamento e fisiopatogenia säo discutidos

Microlitíase testicular associada à neoplasia de células germinativas / Testicular microlithiasis associated with germ cell neoplasy

A calcificaçäo intratubular do testículo, também conhecida como microlitíase testicular, é patologia rara e de etiologia incerta, descoberta durante a investigaçäo de sintomas testiculares inespecíficos. Apresenta padräo ultra-sonográfico característico, diferente daquele observado em outros tipos de calcificaçöes. Sua associaçäo com outras patologias foi descrita, inclusive com tumores testiculares, motivo pelo qual o paciente com microlitíase testicular deve merecer atençäo especial no que diz respeito à investigaçäo