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OBJECTIVES: Sulphur mustard (SM) is a chemical weapon agent that was extensively used by Iraqi troops during the Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988), resulting in exposure among Iranian military personnel and civilians. However, there is limited and conflicting information about the long-term mortality effects of SM exposure. This study aimed to determine the standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) in individuals exposed to SM gas during the Iran-Iraq war. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective follow-up study. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Veterans and Martyr Affair Foundation of Iran (VMAF) regarding all confirmed individuals who were exposed to SM during the Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988) up to 30 March 2019. The mortality rate, cumulative mortality and SMR with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess mortality in chemical warfare survivors (CWS), and results were compared with the general Iranian population. Overall survival was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier curve, and the log-rank test was employed to compare survival probability across different categories. RESULTS: Among the 48,067 confirmed CWS, a total of 4358 (9.1 %) individuals had died by the end of the study period (30 March 2019), with a mean age of 55.5 ± 14.4 years at the time of death. Overall, at the 39-year follow-up, the mortality rate due to all causes of death for people who were exposed to SM was lower than the general Iranian population (SMR: 0.70, 95 % CI: 0.68-0.72). However, cause-specific SMR analysis showed that the mortality rate due to liver cancer (SMR: 1.98, 95 % CI: 1.59-2.45), poisonings (SMR: 1.92, 95 % CI: 1.52-2.38), respiratory disorders (SMR: 1.59, 95 % CI: 1.46-1.73) and multiple myeloma (SMR: 1.72, 95 % CI: 1.06-2.62) were approximately twofold higher in CWS than the general population. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides valuable insights into the mortality effects of SM exposure among the Iranian population affected by the Iran-Iraq war. The results emphasise the importance of continued monitoring and support for individuals exposed to SM, particularly in the context of managing and addressing the heightened risks associated with liver cancer, poisonings, respiratory disorders and multiple myeloma. Further research and interventions may be necessary to mitigate these specific health challenges in the affected population.
Assuntos
Substâncias para a Guerra Química , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Mieloma Múltiplo , Gás de Mostarda , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Iraque/epidemiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a disabling autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that can start at ages of 50 or more, when it is called late-onset NMOSD (LO-NMOSD). Data on this disorder are sparse. In this cross-sectional study, patient characteristics of the disease were studied. LO-NMOSD patients of a tertiary center in Tehran were studied from 2016 to 2020. CASE REPORTS: Eight patients were identified, half of whom were men. The diagnostic delay was from no time-lapse to three years (mean: 0.62, SD: 1.06), which was significantly shorter than in early-onset patients. Seven patients (87.5%) tested positive for AQP4-IgG which was significantly higher compared to early-onset patients (p-value=0.01). Four patients (50%) had both transverse myelitis and optic neuritis as presenting symptoms, while three (38%) had just myelitis and only one (12%) had optic neuritis. CONCLUSION: There is discrepancy regarding different aspects of LO-NMOSD. Further studies are needed to clarify the subject in order to enhance diagnosis and treatment.
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Mielite Transversa , Neuromielite Óptica , Aquaporina 4 , Estudos Transversais , Diagnóstico Tardio , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Mielite Transversa/diagnóstico , Mielite Transversa/epidemiologia , Mielite Transversa/etiologia , Neuromielite Óptica/diagnóstico , Neuromielite Óptica/epidemiologia , Neuromielite Óptica/terapia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates are responsible for various hospital-acquired infections and are particularly increasing in the immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to determine the clonal relatedness between S. maltophilia isolates originating from the clinic and environment. A total of 150 S. maltophilia isolates from patients and 1108 environmental samples obtained in three hospitals from Tehran. Following molecular identification targeting 23S rRNA gene, the clonal relatedness of the environmental and clinical isolates was determined using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Of the 150 clinical and 18 environmental isolates identified using phenotypic tests, the speciation of 120 and 15 was confirmed by targeting the 23S rRNA gene. The 24 common pulsotypes (PTs) and 32 single PTs were identified by PFGE. Only a small cluster was shared among the clinic and environment within a hospital; therefore, the intra-hospital dissemination of certain isolates of S. maltophilia among the clinic and environment was demonstrated.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/transmissão , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/transmissão , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/classificação , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/genética , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Hospitais , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Irã (Geográfico) , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , RNA Ribossômico 23S/genética , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Introduction and Objectives: The pivotal role of chest computed tomographic (CT) to diagnosis and prognosis coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still an open field to be explored. This study was conducted to assess the CT features in confirmed cases with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, initial chest CT data of 363 confirmed cases with COVID-19 were reviewed. All subjects were stratified into three groups based on patients' clinical outcomes; non-critical group (n=194), critical group (n=65), and death group (n=104). The detailed of CT findings were collected from patients' medical records and then evaluated for each group. In addition, multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors according to CT findings in three groups of patients with COVID-19. Results: Compared with the non-critical group, mixed ground-glass opacities (GGO) and consolidation lesion, pleural effusion lesion, presence of diffuse opacity in cases, more than 2 lobes involved and opacity scores were significantly higher in the critical and death groups (P<0.05). Having more mixed GGO with consolidation, pleural effusion, lack of pure GGO, more diffuse opacity, involvement of more than 2 lobes and high opacity score identified as independent risk factors of critical and death groups. Conclusion: CT images of non-critical, critical and death groups with COVID-19 had definite characteristics. CT examination plays a vital role in managing the current COVID-19 outbreak, for early detection of COVID-19 pneumonia. In addition, initial CT findings may be useful to stratify patients, which have a potentially important utility in the current global medical situation.
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In this paper, a fractional non-Fourier heat conduction model is employed to simulate the heat diffusion through the skin tissue, as a biological system, upon immediate contact with a heat source. In order to study skin models and different boundary aspects, two problems: the three-layer skin tissue in contact with a hot water source and a single-layer skin tissue exposed suddenly to a heat source generated by a laser are investigated. In both cases, the super-diffusion fractional non-Fourier model is used to simulate the heat transfer diffused through the skin tissue. In the first case, the governing equation is solved using an implicit method, and in the second problem, its governing equation is solved using a finite volume method. In the fractional non-Fourier model, the effect of the model's essential parameters (αand τ) on the prediction of temperature distribution in skin tissue is studied as well as the effect of other parameters such as the blood rate is studied. In addition, grid study has been investigated and the most efficient and appropriate gird is obtained. The results are validated against the DPL (Dual-Phase Lag) model's results. The fractional single-phase-lag model's results indicate that this model is highly precise and encompasses all the results of the dual-phase-lag model. The results also show the high precision of the model, taking into account both the microstructure interactions and the lags.
Assuntos
Modelos Biológicos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele , Condutividade Térmica , Simulação por Computador , Lasers , Temperatura CutâneaRESUMO
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) plays key roles in regulating cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis pathways. As such, they are considered promising targets for anticancer drug development, especially for breast cancer, multiple myeloma and hematologic malignancies. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder arising from an oncogenic Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. Inhibitors of this oncogene by small molecules such as imatinib are effective only in 75% of the patient's population. One of the potential strategies to overcome this resistance is to devise combination therapy protocols with other therapeutic agents including PPAR ligands. Since PPAR ligands are potentially interesting in different hematologic malignancies, this article will review the potential of PPAR ligands for use in CML treatment.
Assuntos
Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/metabolismo , PPAR gama/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl , Humanos , Modelos BiológicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Disseminated cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is commonly unresponsive to standard chemotherapies, and there are as yet no predictive markers of therapy response. METHODS: In the present study we collected fresh-frozen pretreatment lymph-node metastasis samples (n=14) from melanoma patients with differential response to dacarbazine (DTIC) or temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, to identify proteins with an impact on treatment response. We performed quantitative protein profiling using tandem mass spectrometry and compared the proteome differences between responders (R) and non-responders (NR), matched for age, gender and histopathological type of CMM. RESULTS: Biological pathway analyses showed several signalling pathways differing between R vs NR, including Rho signalling. Gene expression profiling data was available for a subset of the samples, and the results were compared with the proteomics data. Four proteins with differential expression between R and NR were selected for technical validation by immunoblotting (ISYNA1, F13A1, CSTB and S100A13), and CSTB and S100A13 were further validated on a larger sample set by immunohistochemistry (n=48). The calcium binding protein S100A13 was found to be significantly overexpressed in NR compared with R in all analyses performed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that S100A13 is involved in CMM resistance to DTIC/TMZ.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Dacarbazina/análogos & derivados , Dacarbazina/farmacologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/fisiologia , Metástase Linfática , Melanoma/secundário , Proteínas de Neoplasias/fisiologia , Proteômica/métodos , Proteínas S100/fisiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Cistatina B/biossíntese , Cistatina B/genética , Dacarbazina/uso terapêutico , Fator XIII/biossíntese , Fator XIII/genética , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mio-Inositol-1-Fosfato Sintase/biossíntese , Mio-Inositol-1-Fosfato Sintase/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biossíntese , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Estudos Prospectivos , Proteínas S100/biossíntese , Proteínas S100/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Temozolomida , Adulto Jovem , Melanoma Maligno CutâneoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Repeat contrast-enhanced MR imaging exposes patients with relapsing-remitting MS to frequent administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents. We aimed to investigate the potential metabolite and neurochemical alterations of visible gadolinium deposition on unenhanced T1WI in the dentate nucleus using MRS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in a referral university hospital from January 2020 to July 2021. The inclusion criteria for case and control groups were as follows: 1) case: patients with relapsing-remitting MS, visible gadolinium deposition in the dentate nucleus (ribbon sign), >5 contrast-enhanced MR images obtained; 2) control 1: patients with relapsing-remitting MS without visible gadolinium deposition in the dentate nucleus, >5 contrast-enhanced MR images obtained; 3) control 2: patients with relapsing-remitting MS without visible gadolinium deposition in the dentate nucleus, <5 contrast-enhanced-MR images obtained; and 4) control 3: adult healthy individuals, with no contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Dentate nucleus and pontine single-voxel 12 × 12 × 12 MRS were analyzed using short TEs. RESULTS: Forty participants (10 per group; 27 [67.5%] female; mean age, 35.6 [SD, 9.6] years) were enrolled. We did not detect any significant alteration in the levels of NAA and choline between the studied groups. The mean concentrations of mIns were 2.7 (SD, 0.73) (case), 1.5 (SD, 0.8) (control 1), 2.4 (SD, 1.2) (control 2), and 1.7 (SD, 1.2) (control 3) (P = .04). The mean concentration of Cr and mIns (P = .04) and the relative metabolic concentration (dentate nucleus/pons) of lipid 1.3/Cr (P = .04) were significantly higher in the case-group than in healthy individuals (controls 1-3). Further analyses compared the case group with cumulative control 1 and 2 groups and showed a significant increase in lactate (P = .02), lactate/Cr (P = .04), and Cr (dentate nucleus/pons) (P = .03) in the case group. CONCLUSIONS: Although elevated concentrations of Cr, lactate, mIns, and lipid in the dentate nucleus of the case group indicate a metabolic disturbance, NAA and choline levels were normal, implying no definite neuronal damage.
Assuntos
Núcleos Cerebelares , Gadolínio , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Núcleos Cerebelares/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Meios de Contraste , Gadolínio DTPA , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Ácido Láctico , Colina , Recidiva , LipídeosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The pivotal role of chest computed tomographic (CT) to diagnosis and prognosis coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still an open field to be explored. This study was conducted to assess the CT features in confirmed cases with COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospectively, initial chest CT data of 363 confirmed cases with COVID-19 were reviewed. All subjects were stratified into three groups based on patients' clinical outcomes; non-critical group (n=194), critical group (n=65), and death group (n=104). The detailed of CT findings were collected from patients' medical records and then evaluated for each group. In addition, multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors according to CT findings in three groups of patients with COVID-19. RESULTS: Compared with the non-critical group, mixed ground-glass opacities (GGO) and consolidation lesion, pleural effusion lesion, presence of diffuse opacity in cases, more than 2 lobes involved and opacity scores were significantly higher in the critical and death groups (P<0.05). Having more mixed GGO with consolidation, pleural effusion, lack of pure GGO, more diffuse opacity, involvement of more than 2 lobes and high opacity score identified as independent risk factors of critical and death groups. CONCLUSION: CT images of non-critical, critical and death groups with COVID-19 had definite characteristics. CT examination plays a vital role in managing the current COVID-19 outbreak, for early detection of COVID-19 pneumonia. In addition, initial CT findings may be useful to stratify patients, which have a potentially important utility in the current global medical situation.
Assuntos
COVID-19/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia Torácica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Removal of pollutants by bio-superadsorbent is currently in the limelight due to their low cost and biocompatibility with the environment. In this research, the thiourea-modified magnetic ZnO/nanocellulose composite (TZFNC) with high adsorption capacity and separation efficiency for Pb(II) was prepared successfully, and its physicochemical properties were characterized via XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM, BET, FTIR, XPS, EDAX, Zeta-potential and VSM, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been applied in order to study the influence of operational parameters (pH, lead ions concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time) on the removal efficiency of lead ions with TZFNC as a novel adsorbent. The results indicated that the efficiency of Pb(II) removal is 99.99% under the optimum conditions of experimental factors (pH = 6.5, the amount of adsorbent = 40 mg, Pb(II) concentration = 60 mg L-1, and contact time = 14.5 min). The equilibrium, and kinetic studies suggested that the adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo-Second-Order model. Thermodynamic data showed that the sorption process was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 554.4 mg/g. The good adsorption performance, recyclability and easy magnetic separation ability made sure that the TZFNC has great potential for purification of Pb(II) contaminated wastewater.
Assuntos
Celulose/química , Íons/química , Chumbo/química , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Ferro/química , Nanocompostos/química , Tioureia/química , Óxido de Zinco/química , Adsorção , Descontaminação , Cinética , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Ferro/ultraestrutura , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Nanocompostos/ultraestrutura , Termodinâmica , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can be applied to study the effects of rehabilitation strategies for neuroscience research. An MRI-wrist robot is designed and used as a clinical tool to examine the process of the brain plasticity changes. In this robot, the patient actuation is accomplished with two standard air cylinders, located inside the MRI chamber with two degrees of freedom (flexion-extension and ulna-radial deviation) with pneumatic air transmission, consisting of simple mechanism converting rotary motion to linear independently. A pilot study of brain image aiming at revealing more effective therapeutic strategies carried out to confirm the technical aspects of the development and validation. In a healthy subject, both wrist movement of robot and subject demonstrated brain activity in the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex. Because the robot does not move during the patient's body, a stand was designed to allow the wrist robot and patient to fit comfortably within the MRI machine. While all the parts of the robot were carefully selected with strict MRI compatibility requirements, the robot was tested by presenting some pilot imaging data with null effects on the image quality, as well. Finally, the possible further development of the robot has been introduced for a rehabilitation assessment.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Terapia por Exercício , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Projetos Piloto , Punho/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
The formation of synaptic connections requires the coordination of specific guidance molecules and spontaneous neuronal activity. The visual system has provided a useful model for understanding the role of these cues in shaping the precise connections from the neural retina to the brain. Here, we demonstrate that two essential genes in the Reelin signaling pathway function during the patterning of synaptic connectivity in the retina. Physiological studies of mice deficient in either reelin or disabled-1 reveal an attenuation of rod-driven retinal responses. This defect is associated with a decrease in rod bipolar cell density and an abnormal distribution of processes in the inner plexiform layer. These results imply that, in addition to its essential role during neuronal migration, the Reelin pathway contributes to the formation of neuronal circuits in the central nervous system.
Assuntos
Moléculas de Adesão Celular Neuronais/fisiologia , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/fisiologia , Proteínas do Olho/fisiologia , Retina/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal , Fatores Etários , Animais , Moléculas de Adesão Celular Neuronais/deficiência , Moléculas de Adesão Celular Neuronais/genética , Contagem de Células , Movimento Celular , Eletrorretinografia , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/deficiência , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/genética , Proteínas do Olho/genética , Interneurônios/metabolismo , Proteínas Relacionadas a Receptor de LDL , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Mutantes Neurológicos , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/fisiologia , Receptores de LDL/fisiologia , Receptores de Lipoproteínas/fisiologia , Proteína Reelina , Retina/ultraestrutura , Células Fotorreceptoras Retinianas Bastonetes/patologia , Serina Endopeptidases , Sinapses/fisiologia , Sinapses/ultraestrutura , Vias Visuais/fisiologiaRESUMO
We determined the seroprevalence of Toxocara canis infection in 544 children under 10 years randomly selected from urban and rural areas of Hamadan. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for detection of antibodies to T. canis excretion-secretion antigens. Using a questionnaire, epidemiological factors associated with infection were examined, including age, sex, residence. Antibodies to T. canis were detected in 29 children (5.3%) and 19 children (3.5%) were categorized as borderline positive; thus together this gave a prevalence of toxocariasis of 8.8%. No significant differences were found in terms of sex, age and residence.
Assuntos
Toxocaríase/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Animais , Animais Domésticos/parasitologia , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cães/parasitologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fatores Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Lactente , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Vigilância da População , Fatores de Risco , Saúde da População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Distribuição por Sexo , Inquéritos e Questionários , Toxocara canis/imunologia , Toxocaríase/sangue , Toxocaríase/imunologia , Toxocaríase/parasitologia , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The role of herbal medicine is now well documented in preventing and controlling diabetes mellitus. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of walnut oil consumption on lipid profiles of hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 100 hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients aged 35-75 years were assigned to receive 15 cc Persian walnut oil or placebo every day for 90 days. The primary outcomes were the lipid profiles. RESULTS: Consumption of walnut oil by type 2 hyperlipidemic diabetic patients resulted in a significant decrease in total cholesterol levels (treatment difference (TD)=-30.04, P<0.001), triglyceride (TG) level (TD=-15.04, P=0.021), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level (TD=-30.44, P<0.001) and total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (TD=-0.72, P<0.001) compared to the control group. There was a trend toward increasing HDL level with consumption of walnut oil (TD=2.28, P=0.06). Frequency of patients reaching a LDL level below 100 was higher in the case group (20 vs 0%). CONCLUSIONS: Addition of walnut oil in the daily diet of type 2 diabetic patients improves lipid profiles. Thus, it may be associated with a coronary artery disease risk factor modulation. Also, walnut oil may serve as a helpful natural remedy for hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperlipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Juglans/química , Lipídeos/sangue , Nozes/química , Fitoterapia , Óleos de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/sangue , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/farmacologia , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/uso terapêutico , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/sangue , Hiperlipidemias/complicações , Hiperlipidemias/dietoterapia , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Óleos de Plantas/metabolismo , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoids are probably the most important drugs in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Prednisolone exerts its effect by induce apoptosis in lymphoid lineage cells. Micro RNAs are 18-24 nucleotides RNA implicated in the control of essential biological functions, including apoptosis. In the following study, the effect of prednisolone on the expression of miR 15a & miR16-1 and apoptosis in the CCRF-CEM cell line is investigated. METHODS: The cell line of CCRF-CEM was cultured in standard conditions. The changes in the miR 15a and miR 16-1 expression levels were determined by Real Time-PCR technique. Also, the apoptosis is evaluated by flow cytometry using Annexin V and PI staining. RESULTS: This study revealed that, the prednisolone induced apoptosis in a time dependent manner. Prednisolone in concentration of 700 µM was significantly increased the expression of miR 16-1 and miR 15a after 24 h and 48 h treatment (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: prednisolone-induced apoptosis might be mediated by up-regulation of these 2 miRNAs in CCRF-CEM cells.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , MicroRNAs/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/patologia , Prednisolona/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
To determine the effect of proximally induced accommodation (PIA) on accommodative adaptation, this study has examined the posttask shift in tonic accommodation (TA) following 5-min monocular viewing of equivalent-sized targets located at distances of 0.33 and 5 m. The distal target was viewed through a negative lens to equate the dioptric stimuli (3 D). The steady-state accommodative response was measured subjectively in 10 subjects using a Hartinger coincidence optometer. A significant correlation was observed between the degree of adaptation following the two conditions, with the magnitude of adaptation for the distal target being approximately half that for the nearer target. Furthermore, adaptation magnitude was inversely correlated with pretask TA under both conditions. These results indicate that PIA can produce accommodative adaptation. The implications of this finding are discussed with regard to models of the accommodative mechanism.
Assuntos
Acomodação Ocular/fisiologia , Adaptação Ocular/fisiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Fixação Ocular , Humanos , Masculino , Músculos Oculomotores/fisiologia , Visão MonocularAssuntos
Calcinose/patologia , Meningite Criptocócica/patologia , Pulvinar/patologia , Adulto , Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Calcinose/etiologia , Fluconazol/uso terapêutico , Perda Auditiva/etiologia , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/etiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Meningite Criptocócica/complicações , Meningite Criptocócica/tratamento farmacológico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Amblyopia is a relatively common condition in which visual acuity through an eye is subnormal despite no overt pathology. Pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) can detect any defect from optic nerve to occipital cortex and pattern electroretinogram (PERG) can detect retinal defects specially the ganglion layers. This study was performed to evaluate the cortical and retinal activity in strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. METHODS: PVEP and PERG were recorded simultaneously in 40 amblyopes (20 strabismics and 20 anisometropics) and 20 normal control subjects. Normal subjects were age and sex matched with patients. RESULTS: The P(100) latency in PVEP was increased in both groups of patients but the P(100) amplitude was reduced only in anisometropic group. In PERG, the amplitude of P(50) was reduced in all patients with no significant change in latency. CONCLUSION: Beside reduced PVEP responses in strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia, the activity of retina reduced too. It is likely that retinal impulses can affect the development of visual system.
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As the precise role of nitric oxide (NO) as a modulator of myocardial contraction and the force-interval relationship remains unclear, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) on baseline myocardial contraction, and the impact of both SNAP and the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on the force interval relation. Studies were performed using isolated rat papillary muscles. In the presence of baseline NOS blockade, nanomolar to micromolar concentrations of SNAP exerted a modest positive inotropic effect with a small but significant increase in twitch isometric tension (P<0.007). Nanomolar concentrations of SNAP also reduced overall twitch duration (P<0.007). These effects were not seen in control experiments using N-acetyl-penicillamine instead of SNAP. The force-frequency response (FFR) and post-rest contractile potentiation, mechanical correlates of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)handling, were also examined. Neither L-NAME nor SNAP had any effect on post-rest potentiation following rest intervals as long as 6 min, or on the negative FFR at stimulation frequencies between 0.3 to 1.7 Hz. However, L-NAME significantly blunted the net reduction in twitch duration between 0.3 Hz and 1.7 Hz compared to control (P=0.006), an effect reversed by 100 n m SNAP. These results indicate that low concentrations of NO can modulate myocardial function by influencing myocardial inotropy and the time course of myofilament interaction, but do not impact significantly on the force-interval relation and, by inference, SR Ca(2+)handling. Moreover, modulation of twitch duration occurs over a range of stimulation frequencies, suggesting a mechanistic role for NO in the changes in contraction and relaxation time intervals seen during changes in heart rate.
Assuntos
Contração Miocárdica/fisiologia , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/fisiologia , Músculos Papilares/fisiologia , Penicilamina/análogos & derivados , Animais , Masculino , Contração Miocárdica/efeitos dos fármacos , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Músculos Papilares/efeitos dos fármacos , Penicilamina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos WKYRESUMO
Steady-state accommodative responses to a wide range of commonly encountered textural and graphic stimuli were investigated in 12 young, visually normal subjects. Details of two experiments are described. In the first experiment, stimuli were varied in terms of size, contrast, spatial frequency, colour and intellectual demand. In the second experiment, only the colour of the targets was systematically altered. In both experiments the stimulus demand was maintained at 3 D, and accommodation was measured subjectively using a Hartinger coincidence optometer. No significant difference in mean accommodative response was observed between the widely differing targets adopted in either experiment. These findings suggest that an overall threshold exists for accommodative stimuli, with supra-threshold targets of low to moderate contrast being capable of initiating and sustaining an appropriate accommodative response.