Analysis of breathing patterns to stabilize cardiovascular changes in physical stress environments : inspiration responds to rapid changes in blood pressure.

The thoracic nerves form a complex neural network that coordinates involuntary muscles such as breathing and the heart. Breathing has various patterns to maintain homeostasis in the human body. This study analyzes changes in the cardiovascular system and breathing patterns induced by stress caused by various mechanical movements performed in daily life and ultimately, the goal is to propose effective breathing patterns and breathing control methods to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. The participants' age was 26.97 ± 3.93 years, height was 170.24 ± 8.61 cm, and weight was 65.69 ± 13.55 Kg, and there were 62 men and 38 women. Breathing and electrocardiogram were obtained using HiCard+, a biometric monitoring device. The measured electrocardiogram was analyzed for heartbeat interval, which indicates changes in the cardiovascular system, and standard deviation of normal to normal interval (SDNN) and root mean square of the successive differences (rMSSD), which indicate the activity of the autonomic and parasympathetic nervous systems. For respiration, time changes were analyzed as patterns by calculating inspiration and exhalation times. As a result of this study, rapid changes in blood pressure increased SDNN and rMSSD from 0.053 ± 0.06 and 0.056 ± 0.087 to 0.109 ± 0.114 and 0.125 ± 0.170 s, and induced an increase in spontaneous inspiratory time from 1.46 to 1.51 s (p < 0.05). Ultimately, we hope that the results of this study will be used as a breathing control training technique to prevent and manage rapid cardiovascular changes. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13534-024-00379-y.

Complete genome sequence of seed-transmitted soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus from soybeans in Korea.

Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV), a member of the genus Gammacarmovirus, remains poorly understood in terms of its transmission pathway. This study reveals the complete genome sequence of a seed-transmitted isolate, ST-HB56, contributing to the understanding of SYMMV's ecological dynamics.

Complete genome sequence of soybean geminivirus A in soybean in Korea.

Soybean geminivirus A (SGVA), a member of the family Geminiviridae, was detected in a survey of early-stage soybean. The complete genome sequence of SGVA isolate Habin was determined, revealing its characteristics and similarity to Korean and Chinese isolates. This study contributes to understanding the impact of SGVA on soybean production.

NMR structural studies of the antibiotic lipopeptide daptomycin in DHPC micelles.

Daptomycin is a cyclic anionic lipopeptide that exerts its rapid bactericidal effect by perturbing the bacterial cell membrane, a mode of action different from most other currently commercially available antibiotics (except e.g. polymyxin and gramicidin). Recent work has shown that daptomycin requires calcium in the form of Ca2+ to form a micellar structure in solution and to bind to bacterial model membranes. This evidence sheds light on the initial steps in the mechanism of action of this novel antibiotic. To understand how daptomycin goes on to perturb bacterial membranes, its three-dimensional structure has been determined in the presence of 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC) micelles. NMR spectra of daptomycin in DHPC were obtained under two conditions, namely in the presence of Ca2+ as used by Jung et al. [D. Jung, A. Rozek, M. Okon, R.E.W. Hancock, Structural transitions as determinants of the action of the calcium-dependent antibiotic daptomycin, Chem. Biol. 11 (2004) 949-57] to solve the calcium-conjugated structure of daptomycin in solution and in a phosphate buffer as used by Rotondi and Gierasch [K.S. Rotondi, L.M. Gierasch, A well-defined amphipathic conformation for the calcium-free cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic, daptomycin, in aqueous solution, Biopolymers 80 (2005) 374-85] to solve the structure of apo-daptomycin. The structures were calculated using molecular dynamics time-averaged refinement. The different sample conditions used to obtain the NMR spectra are discussed in light of fluorescence data, lipid flip-flop and calcein release assays in PC liposomes, in the presence and absence of Ca2+ [D. Jung, A. Rozek, M. Okon, R.E.W. Hancock, Structural transitions as determinants of the action of the calcium-dependent antibiotic daptomycin, Chem. Biol. 11 (2004) 949-57]. The implications of these results for the membrane perturbation mechanism of daptomycin are discussed.

Initial surface reaction of di-lsopropylaminosilane on a fully hydroxyl-terminated Si (001) surface.

We studied the interaction of di-isopropylaminosilane (SiH3N(C3H7)2, DIPAS) molecules with a fully hydroxyl-terminated Si (001) surface for SiO2 thin-film growth by using density functional theory. The amino group consisting of DIPAS was chosen in order to obtain a high adsorption energy because its lone-pair electrons in the N atom would help in the adsorption of DIPAS. The absolute value of the adsorption energy (0.67 eV) of DIPAS was higher than its reaction energy barrier of 0.38 eV. Thus, DIPAS could react with the surface without desorption. The reaction between DIPAS and the surface produced a silyl group (-SiH3) as a primary product and di-isopropylamine (NH(C3H7)2, DIPA) as a by-product. A second DIPAS, which was adsorbed near the pre-adsorbed DIPAS or -SiH3 with DIPA, required higher reaction energy barriers of 3.91 or 1.92 eV, respectively, because of its interaction with the first DIPAS or DIPA. However, when the second DIPAS was adsorbed near -SiH3 without DIPA, a low reaction energy barrier of 0.42 eV was required, indicating a negligible effect of -SiH3 on the second DIPAS reaction. Therefore, to obtain a highly dense Si layer, DIPA must desorb from the surface. DIPA requires a relatively high desorption energy of 0.40 eV because the lone-pair electrons in the N atom of DIPA also enhance its adsorption on the surface. The high desorption energy could reduce the process window of atomic layer deposition.