[Body proportions in a group of Brazilian patients with Turner Syndrome]. / Proporções corporais em um grupo de pacientes brasileiras com síndrome de Turner.

OBJECTIVE: The first Brazilian study aimed to evaluate body proportions in patients with Turner Syndrome (TS) with no growth hormone treatment. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 50 TS patients (5 to 43 years) evaluating age, karyotype, pubertal development, height, sitting height, arm span, weight, BMI, head circumference, length of hand, foot and leg, waist to hip ratio, biacromial and biiliac diameters. The data were transformed in score z. A descriptive analysis was done and Mann-Whitney test and analysis of variance was applied. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients were pubertal and 22 nonpubertal, and all of the absolute measurements were significantly increased in the former. There were no significant differences of the anthropometric findings according to the karyotype and puberty, in relation to score z data. The SD scores of all variables showed means above -2, except height and arm span in the nonpubertal patients and also sitting height and hand in the pubertal patients. The same result was observed when only the patients > 20 years were analyzed, being only weight, BMI, and biacromial and biiliac diameters significantly smaller in relation to the Danish data of Gravholt and Naeera from 1997. CONCLUSION: The retardation of growth in TS occurs mainly on the longitudinal axis, and the results showed in this study are similar to the Danish report.

The sitting height/height ratio for age in healthy and short individuals and its potential role in selecting short children for SHOX analysis.

AIMS: To determine the presence of abnormal body proportion, assessed by sitting height/height ratio for age and sex (SH/H SDS) in healthy and short individuals, and to estimate its role in selecting short children for SHOX analysis. METHODS: Height, sitting height and weight were evaluated in 1,771 healthy children, 128 children with idiopathic short stature (ISS), 58 individuals with SHOX defects (SHOX-D) and 193 females with Turner syndrome (TS). RESULTS: The frequency of abnormal body proportion, defined as SH/H SDS >2, in ISS children was 16.4% (95% CI 10-22%), which was higher than in controls (1.4%, 95% CI 0.8-1.9%, p < 0.001). The SHOX gene was evaluated in all disproportionate ISS children and defects in this gene were observed in 19%. Among patients with SHOX-D, 88% of children (95% CI 75-100%) and 96% of adults had body disproportion. In contrast, SH/H SDS >2 were less common in children (48%, 95% CI 37-59%) and in adults (28%, 95% CI 20-36%) with TS. CONCLUSION: Abnormal body proportions were observed in almost all individuals with SHOX-D, 50% of females with TS and 16% of children considered ISS. Defects in SHOX gene were identified in 19% of ISS children with SH/H SDS >2, suggesting that SH/H SDS is a useful tool to select children for undergoing SHOX molecular studies.

Influence of programmed physical activity on body composition among adolescent students.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the influence of programmed physical activity on body composition among adolescent students during 1 school year. METHODS: The sample included 383 students (age range: 10 to 15 years) separated into two groups: 186 cases (96 male and 90 female) and 197 controls (108 male and 89 female). This was an intervention study with pre- and post-test assessments in which interventions consisted of programmed physical activity; the control group had conventional school physical education. Body composition was assessed by anthropometric measurements, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage and fat and lean body mass. RESULTS: In the case group, subscapular skinfold thickness, BMI, body fat percentage and fat body mass remained stable; there were significant reductions in tricipital skinfold thickness and in abdominal perimeter among girls and significant increases in arm, waist and calf perimeters and in lean body mass. In the control group, there were significant increases in BMI, tricipital skinfold thickness, abdominal perimeter and fat body mass among girls. At post-test, overweight and obesity significantly decreased among case group subjects, but not among controls. CONCLUSION: Programmed physical activity resulted in improvement or maintenance of body composition parameters and in reduction of overweight and obesity in the intervention group.

Efeito da atividade física programada sobre a composição corporal em escolares adolescentes / Influence of programmed physical activity on body composition among adolescent students

OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito da atividade física programada na escola sobre a composição corporal em escolares adolescentes durante 1 ano letivo. MÉTODOS: Amostra foi composta por 383 alunos, divididos em dois grupos: caso com 186 (96 meninos e 90 meninas) e controle com 197 (108 meninos e 89 meninas), com idade entre 10 e 15 anos. Trata-se de estudo de intervenção com pré e pós-teste, no qual o grupo caso foi submetido a atividade física programada e o grupo-controle a aulas convencionais de educação física escolar. A composição corporal foi avaliada por medidas antropométricas e cálculos de índice de massa corporal, percentual de gordura e massas gorda e magra. RESULTADOS: O grupo caso apresentou estabilidade na prega cutânea subescapular, índice de massa corporal, percentual de gordura e na massa gorda; redução significativa na prega cutânea triciptal, perímetro do abdome nas meninas e aumento significativo dos perímetros do braço, cintura e panturrilha e da massa magra. No grupo-controle houve aumento do índice de massa corporal, prega cutânea triciptal, perímetro do abdome e da massa gorda nas meninas. O grupo caso apresentou diminuição significativa na proporção de sobrepesos e obesos no pós em relação ao pré-teste, o mesmo não ocorrendo no grupo-controle. CONCLUSÃO: A atividade física programada resultou em melhoria e manutenção nas variáveis da composição corporal e redução da frequência de sobrepeso e obesidade no grupo que sofreu intervenção.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the influence of programmed physical activity on body composition among adolescent students during 1 school year. METHODS: The sample included 383 students (age range: 10 to 15years) separated into two groups: 186 cases (96 male and 90 female) and 197 controls (108 male and 89 female). This was an intervention study with pre- and post-test assessments in which interventions consisted of programmed physical activity; the control group had conventional school physical education. Body composition was assessed by anthropometric measurements, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage and fat and lean body mass. RESULTS: In the case group, subscapular skinfold thickness, BMI, body fat percentage and fat body mass remained stable; there were significant reductions in tricipital skinfold thickness and in abdominal perimeter among girls and significant increases in arm, waist and calf perimeters and in lean body mass. In the control group, there were significant increases in BMI, tricipital skinfold thickness, abdominal perimeter and fat body mass among girls. At post-test, overweight and obesity significantly decreased among case group subjects, but not among controls. CONCLUSION: Programmed physical activity resulted in improvement or maintenance of body composition parameters and in reduction of overweight and obesity in the intervention group.

Proporções corporais em um grupo de pacientes brasileiras com Síndrome de Turner / Body proportions in a group of brazilian patients with Turner Syndrome

OBJETIVO: Trata-se do primeiro estudo brasileiro com o objetivo de avaliar as proporções corporais de pacientes com síndrome de Turner (ST) não tratadas com hormônio de crescimento. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de 50 pacientes com ST (5 a 43 anos), avaliando-se idade, cariótipo, desenvolvimento puberal e medidas de estatura em pé e sentada, envergadura, peso, IMC, perímetro cefálico, mão e pé, perna, relação entre cintura e quadril, diâmetros biacromial e bi-ilíaco. Transformação dos dados em escore z de desvio-padrão. Realizada análise descritiva e aplicados o teste de Mann-Whitney e a análise de variância. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas diferenças das variáveis em relação aos cariótipos: 22 eram impúberes e 28 púberes, e todas as variáveis em valores absolutos foram significativamente maiores na puberdade. Não foram observadas diferenças em relação aos escores z das variáveis analisadas em relação à puberdade. Todas as variáveis apresentaram escores z médios acima de -2, com exceção da estatura em pé e envergadura nas impúberes e também da estatura sentada e da mão nas púberes. O mesmo foi observado quando se analisou as 15 pacientes com idade > 20 anos, sendo apenas o peso, o IMC e os diâmetros biacromial e bi-ilíaco significativamente menores que os dados dinamarqueses de Gravholt e Naeera de 1997. CONCLUSÃO: O comprometimento de crescimento na ST ocorre fundamentalmente no eixo longitudinal, e os resultados observados neste estudo são comparáveis aos dinamarqueses.