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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(12)2024 Jun 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38928481

RESUMO

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Proper etiological subtyping of ischemic stroke is crucial for tailoring treatment strategies. This study explored the utility of circulating microRNAs encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EV-miRNAs) to distinguish the following ischemic stroke subtypes: large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardioembolic stroke (CES), and small artery occlusion (SAO). Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and machine-learning techniques, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) associated with each subtype. Through patient selection and diagnostic evaluation, a cohort of 70 patients with acute ischemic stroke was classified: 24 in the LAA group, 24 in the SAO group, and 22 in the CES group. Our findings revealed distinct EV-miRNA profiles among the groups, suggesting their potential as diagnostic markers. Machine-learning models, particularly logistic regression models, exhibited a high diagnostic accuracy of 92% for subtype discrimination. The collective influence of multiple miRNAs was more crucial than that of individual miRNAs. Additionally, bioinformatics analyses have elucidated the functional implications of DEMs in stroke pathophysiology, offering insights into the underlying mechanisms. Despite limitations like sample size constraints and retrospective design, our study underscores the promise of EV-miRNAs coupled with machine learning for ischemic stroke subtype classification. Further investigations are warranted to validate the clinical utility of the identified EV-miRNA biomarkers in stroke patients.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores , MicroRNA Circulante , Exossomos , AVC Isquêmico , Aprendizado de Máquina , Humanos , AVC Isquêmico/sangue , AVC Isquêmico/genética , AVC Isquêmico/diagnóstico , Masculino , MicroRNA Circulante/sangue , MicroRNA Circulante/genética , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exossomos/genética , Exossomos/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/sangue , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Biologia Computacional/métodos , MicroRNAs/sangue , MicroRNAs/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Vesículas Extracelulares/genética
2.
Stroke ; 54(10): e465-e479, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37609846

RESUMO

Adult moyamoya disease and syndrome are rare disorders with significant morbidity and mortality. A writing group of experts was selected to conduct a literature search, summarize the current knowledge on the topic, and provide a road map for future investigation. The document presents an update in the definitions of moyamoya disease and syndrome, modern methods for diagnosis, and updated information on pathophysiology, epidemiology, and both medical and surgical treatment. Despite recent advancements, there are still many unresolved questions about moyamoya disease and syndrome, including lack of unified diagnostic criteria, reliable biomarkers, better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, and stronger evidence for treatment guidelines. To advance progress in this area, it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations and weaknesses of current studies and explore new approaches, which are outlined in this scientific statement for future research strategies.


Assuntos
Doença de Moyamoya , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Humanos , Adulto , American Heart Association , Doença de Moyamoya/diagnóstico , Doença de Moyamoya/epidemiologia , Doença de Moyamoya/terapia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia
3.
JAMA ; 330(9): 832-842, 2023 09 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37668619

RESUMO

Importance: Optimal blood pressure (BP) control after successful reperfusion with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for patients with acute ischemic stroke is unclear. Objective: To determine whether intensive BP management during the first 24 hours after successful reperfusion leads to better clinical outcomes than conventional BP management in patients who underwent EVT. Design, Setting, and Participants: Multicenter, randomized, open-label trial with a blinded end-point evaluation, conducted across 19 stroke centers in South Korea from June 2020 to November 2022 (final follow-up, March 8, 2023). It included 306 patients with large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke treated with EVT and with a modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of 2b or greater (partial or complete reperfusion). Interventions: Participants were randomly assigned to receive intensive BP management (systolic BP target <140 mm Hg; n = 155) or conventional management (systolic BP target 140-180 mm Hg; n = 150) for 24 hours after enrollment. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was functional independence at 3 months (modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2). The primary safety outcomes were symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage within 36 hours and death related to the index stroke within 3 months. Results: The trial was terminated early based on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring board, which noted safety concerns. Among 306 randomized patients, 305 were confirmed eligible and 302 (99.0%) completed the trial (mean age, 73.0 years; 122 women [40.4%]). The intensive management group had a lower proportion achieving functional independence (39.4%) than the conventional management group (54.4%), with a significant risk difference (-15.1% [95% CI, -26.2% to -3.9%]) and adjusted odds ratio (0.56 [95% CI, 0.33-0.96]; P = .03). Rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage were 9.0% in the intensive group and 8.1% in the conventional group (risk difference, 1.0% [95% CI, -5.3% to 7.3%]; adjusted odds ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.48-2.53]; P = .82). Death related to the index stroke within 3 months occurred in 7.7% of the intensive group and 5.4% of the conventional group (risk difference, 2.3% [95% CI, -3.3% to 7.9%]; adjusted odds ratio, 1.73 [95% CI, 0.61-4.92]; P = .31). Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients who achieved successful reperfusion with EVT for acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion, intensive BP management for 24 hours led to a lower likelihood of functional independence at 3 months compared with conventional BP management. These results suggest that intensive BP management should be avoided after successful EVT in acute ischemic stroke. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04205305.


Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos , Pressão Sanguínea , Estado Funcional , AVC Isquêmico , Trombectomia , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemorragia Cerebral/etiologia , AVC Isquêmico/tratamento farmacológico , AVC Isquêmico/cirurgia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Trombectomia/efeitos adversos , Trombectomia/métodos , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Doença Aguda , Resultado do Tratamento , Masculino , Anti-Hipertensivos/efeitos adversos , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico
4.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(5)2023 Feb 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36901703

RESUMO

We developed an extracellular vesicle (EV) bioprocessing platform for the scalable production of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs. The effects of clinical-scale MSC-EV products on wound healing were tested in two different wound models: subcutaneous injection of EVs in a conventional full-thickness rat model and topical application of EVs using a sterile re-absorbable gelatin sponge in the chamber mouse model that was developed to prevent the contraction of wound areas. In vivo efficacy tests showed that treatment with MSC-EVs improved the recovery following wound injury, regardless of the type of wound model or mode of treatment. In vitro mechanistic studies using multiple cell lines involved in wound healing showed that EV therapy contributed to all stages of wound healing, such as anti-inflammation and proliferation/migration of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, to enhance wound re-epithelialization, extracellular matrix remodeling, and angiogenesis.


Assuntos
Vesículas Extracelulares , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Camundongos , Humanos , Ratos , Animais , Células Endoteliais , Cicatrização , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Reepitelização , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo
5.
Stroke ; 53(4): 1074-1084, 2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35291822

RESUMO

High blood pressure (BP) is common after ischemic stroke and associated with a poor functional outcome and increased mortality. The conundrum then arises on whether to lower BP to improve outcome or whether this will worsen cerebral perfusion due to aberrant cerebral autoregulation. A number of large trials of BP lowering have failed to change outcome whether treatment was started prehospital in the community or hospital. Hence, nuances on how to manage high BP are likely, including whether different interventions are needed for different causes, the type and timing of the drug, how quickly BP is lowered, and the collateral effects of the drug, including on cerebral perfusion and platelets. Specific scenarios are also important, including when to lower BP before, during, and after intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy/thrombectomy, when it may be necessary to raise BP, and when antihypertensive drugs taken before stroke should be restarted. This narrative review addresses these and other questions. Although further large trials are ongoing, it is increasingly likely that there is no simple answer. Different subgroups of patients may need to have their BP lowered (eg, before or after thrombolysis), left alone, or elevated.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , Hipertensão , AVC Isquêmico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Anti-Hipertensivos , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/etiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
Stroke ; 53(1): 20-28, 2022 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34583525

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stem cell-based therapy is a promising approach to repair brain damage after stroke. This study was conducted to investigate changes in neuroimaging measures using stem cell-based therapy in patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS: In this prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome evaluation, patients with severe middle cerebral artery territory infarct were assigned to the autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment or control group. Of 54 patients who completed the intervention, 31 for the MSC and 13 for the control groups were included in this neuroimaging analysis. Motor function was assessed before the intervention and 90 days after randomization using the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale. Neuroimaging measures included fractional anisotropy values of the corticospinal tract and posterior limb of the internal capsule from diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging and strength of connectivity, efficiency, and density of the motor network from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: For motor function, the improvement ratio of the Fugl-Meyer assessment score was significantly higher in the MSC group compared with the control group. In neuroimaging, corticospinal tract and posterior limb of the internal capsule fractional anisotropy did not decrease in the MSC group but significantly decreased at 90 days after randomization in the control group. Interhemispheric connectivity and ipsilesional connectivity significantly increased in the MSC group. Change in interhemispheric connectivity showed a significant group difference. CONCLUSIONS: Stem cell-based therapy can protect corticospinal tract against degeneration and enhance positive changes in network reorganization to facilitate motor recovery after stroke. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01716481.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , AVC Isquêmico/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/métodos , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Neuroimagem/métodos , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/fisiologia , Administração Intravenosa , Adulto , Idoso , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , AVC Isquêmico/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
Stroke ; 53(7): 2276-2286, 2022 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35341320

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete trophic factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, the level and role of EVs after MSC therapy in patients with stroke are unknown. We investigated whether circulating EVs and trophic factors are increased after MSCs and are related to the therapeutic benefits in the STARTING-2 trial (Stem Cell Application Researches and Trials in Neurology-2) participants. METHODS: In this prospective randomized controlled trial, patients with chronic major stroke were assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, to receive autologous MSC intravenous injection (MSC group, n=39) or standard treatment (control group, n=15) and followed for 3 months. Detailed clinical assessment and neuroplasticity on diffusion tensor image and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were evaluated. Serial samples were collected, before/after MSCs therapy. The primary outcome measure was circulating factors that are associated with the clinical improvement in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (secondary end point of the trial) and neuroplasticity on diffusion tensor image and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Additional outcome measures were microRNAs and trophic factors enriched in the plasma EVs, obtained using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS: Circulating EV levels were increased ≈5-fold (mean±SD, from 2.7×109±2.2×109 to 1.3×1010±1.7×1010 EVs/mL) within 24 hours after injection of MSCs (P=0.001). After adjustment of age, sex, baseline stroke severity, and the time interval from stroke onset to treatment, only the EV number was independently associated with improvement in motor function (odds ratio, 5.718 for EV numberLog [95% CI, 1.144-28.589]; P=0.034). Diffusion tensor image and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that integrity of the ipsilesional corticospinal tract and intrahemispheric motor network were significantly correlated with circulating EV levels, respectively (P<0.05). MicroRNAs related to neurogenesis/neuroplasticity (eg, microRNA-18a-5p) were significantly increased in circulating EVs after MSC therapy (P=0.0479). In contrast, trophic factor levels were not changed after MSC therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This trial is the first to show that treatment of ischemic stroke patients with MSCs significantly increases circulating EVs, which were significantly correlated with improvement in motor function and magnetic resonance imaging indices of plasticity. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www. CLINICAL TRIALS: gov; Unique identifier: NCT01716481.


Assuntos
Vesículas Extracelulares , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , MicroRNAs , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Animais , Biomarcadores , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/cirurgia
8.
Stroke ; 53(12): 3622-3632, 2022 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36128905

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A high and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) could affect outcomes after reperfusion therapy for ischemic stroke. This study aimed to determine whether renal function based on eGFR affects mortality risk in patients with ischemic stroke within 6 months following reperfusion therapy. METHODS: This prospective registry-based cohort study included 2266 patients who received reperfusion therapy between January 2000 and September 2019 and were registered in the SECRET (Selection Criteria in Endovascular Thrombectomy and Thrombolytic Therapy) study or the Yonsei Stroke Cohort. A high and low eGFR were based on the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation and defined, respectively, as the 5th and 95th percentiles of age- and sex-specific eGFR. Occurrence of death within 6 months was compared among the groups according to their eGFR such as low, normal, or high eGFR. RESULTS: Of the 2266 patients, 2051 (90.5%) had a normal eGFR, 110 (4.9%) a low eGFR, and 105 (4.6%) a high eGFR. Patients with high eGFR were younger or less likely to have hypertension, diabetes, or atrial fibrillation than the other groups. Active cancer was more prevalent in the high-eGFR group. During the 6-month follow-up, there were 24 deaths (22.9%) in the high-eGFR group, 37 (33.6%) in the low-eGFR group, and 237 (11.6%) in the normal-eGFR group. After adjusting for variables with P<0.10 in the univariable analysis, 6-month mortality was independently associated with high eGFR (hazard ratio, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.36-3.62]; P=0.001) and low eGFR (HR, 2.29 [95% CI, 1.41-3.72]; P=0.001). These associations persisted regardless of treatment modality or various baseline characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: High eGFR as well as low eGFR were independently associated with 6-month mortality after reperfusion therapy. Kidney function could be considered a prognostic factor in patients with ischemic stroke after reperfusion therapy.


Assuntos
AVC Isquêmico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Rim/fisiologia , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Reperfusão , Fatores de Risco
9.
Stroke ; 52(3): 1121-1130, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33504187

RESUMO

One-quarter to one-third of ischemic strokes have no established mechanism after standard diagnostic evaluation and are classified as embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Failure of randomized trials to demonstrate a benefit of direct oral anticoagulants over aspirin for the treatment of ESUS as a single homogeneous entity has led to renewed interest by stroke experts to divide ESUS into subgroups. Emerging data suggest that active cancer, which is present in 5% to 10% of patients with ESUS, is a distinct and important subgroup of ESUS with unique clinical characteristics, underlying pathophysiologies, and treatment and prognostic considerations. Furthermore, the prevalence of cancer-related ESUS is expected to increase as patients with cancer, even those with distant metastases, survive longer due to improvements in cancer treatments. In this topical review, we examine the epidemiological link between ESUS and cancer, the clinical features and potential mechanistic underpinnings of ESUS with cancer (with a focus on novel biomarkers and their relationship to recurrent stroke and other thromboembolic events), and the potential treatment strategies for cancer-related ESUS. We include a critical appraisal of existing data and ongoing or planned clinical trials of different antithrombotic approaches. As cancer-related ESUS is a dynamic disease with variable course, we recommend close collaboration between neurologists and oncologists to develop individualized management plans.


Assuntos
AVC Embólico/etiologia , Neoplasias/etiologia , AVC Embólico/complicações , AVC Embólico/terapia , Humanos , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Prevalência , Prognóstico
10.
Stroke ; 52(5): 1662-1672, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33794654

RESUMO

Background and Purpose: Data on the effect on vascular outcomes of concomitant atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) with atrial fibrillation (AF) after stroke are limited. This study evaluated the effect of ASVD with AF versus AF only on the risk of vascular events. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively registered multicenter database involving 3213 stroke patients with AF. ASVD included extracranial atherosclerosis measured in the proximal portion of the internal carotid artery, intracranial atherosclerosis (all ≥50% stenosis), coronary artery disease, and peripheral artery disease and was categorized into 4 strata depending on the number of ASVDs (0, 1, 2, and 3­4). The independent associations of ASVD with major adverse cardiovascular events, stroke, and all-cause death were assessed. Results: A total of 2670 patients were included (mean age, 73.5±9.8 years; median CHA2DS2-VASc score, 5; interquartile range, 4−6). During the follow-up (mean, 1.7 years), a total of 672 (25.2%) major adverse cardiovascular events, 170 (6.4%) stroke events, and 501 (18.8%) all-cause deaths were noted. The adjusted hazard ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events versus no ASVD was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.00­1.56) for ASVD 1, 1.34 (95% CI, 1.02­1.76) for ASVD 2, and 1.93 (95% CI, 1.24­2.99) for ASVD 3­4. The adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause death versus no ASVD was 1.32 (1.01­1.74), 1.47 (1.06­2.03), and 2.39 (1.47­3.89), respectively. Among ASVD components, the presence of symptomatic or asymptomatic extracranial atherosclerosis was a more potent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (1.27 [1.05­1.54]) and all-cause death (1.45 [1.17­1.81]). Conclusions: ASVD burden with AF can be a cumulative marker of a high risk for untoward vascular outcomes. Among ASVD components, extracranial atherosclerosis seems to have a predominant effect.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Bases de Dados Factuais , Doença Arterial Periférica , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/mortalidade , Fibrilação Atrial/fisiopatologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Arterial Periférica/complicações , Doença Arterial Periférica/mortalidade , Doença Arterial Periférica/fisiopatologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia
11.
Stroke ; 52(6): 2026-2034, 2021 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33910369

RESUMO

Background and Purpose: Patients with acute stroke are often accompanied by comorbidities, such as active cancer. However, adequate treatment guidelines are not available for these patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between cancer and the outcomes of reperfusion therapy in patients with stroke. Methods: We compared treatment outcomes in patients who underwent reperfusion therapy, using a nationwide reperfusion therapy registry. We divided the patients into 3 groups according to cancer activity: active cancer, nonactive cancer, and without a history of cancer. We investigated reperfusion processes, 24-hour neurological improvement, adverse events, 3-month functional outcome, and 6-month survival and related factors after reperfusion therapy. Results: Among 1338 patients who underwent reperfusion therapy, 62 patients (4.6%) had active cancer, 78 patients (5.8%) had nonactive cancer, and 1198 patients (89.5%) had no history of cancer. Of the enrolled patients, 969 patients received intravenous thrombolysis and 685 patients underwent endovascular treatment (316 patients received combined therapy). Patients with active cancer had more comorbidities and experienced more severe strokes; however, they showed similar 24-hour neurological improvement and adverse events, including cerebral hemorrhage, compared with the other groups. Although the functional outcome at 3 months was poorer than the other groups, 36.4% of patients with active cancer showed functional independence. Additionally, 52.9% of the patients with determined stroke etiology showed functional independence despite active cancer. During the 6-month follow-up, 46.6% of patients with active cancer died, and active cancer was independently associated with poor survival (hazard ratio, 3.973 [95% CI, 2.528­6.245]). Conclusions: In patients with active cancer, reperfusion therapy showed similar adverse events and short-term outcomes to that of other groups. While long-term prognosis was worse in the active cancer group than the nonactive cancer groups, not negligible number of patients had good functional outcomes, especially those with determined stroke mechanisms.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Endovasculares , Trombólise Mecânica , Neoplasias , Sistema de Registros , Reperfusão , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Neoplasias/cirurgia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/cirurgia , Taxa de Sobrevida
12.
Lancet ; 395(10227): 878-887, 2020 03 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32087818

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Nerinetide, an eicosapeptide that interferes with post-synaptic density protein 95, is a neuroprotectant that is effective in preclinical stroke models of ischaemia-reperfusion. In this trial, we assessed the efficacy and safety of nerinetide in human ischaemia-reperfusion that occurs with rapid endovascular thrombectomy in patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke. METHODS: For this multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study done in 48 acute care hospitals in eight countries, we enrolled patients with acute ischaemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion within a 12 h treatment window. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older with a disabling ischaemic stroke at the time of randomisation, had been functioning independently in the community before the stroke, had an Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) greater than 4, and vascular imaging showing moderate-to-good collateral filling, as determined by multiphase CT angiography. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intravenous nerinetide in a single dose of 2·6 mg/kg, up to a maximum dose of 270 mg, on the basis of estimated or actual weight (if known) or saline placebo by use of a real-time, dynamic, internet-based, stratified randomised minimisation procedure. Patients were stratified by intravenous alteplase treatment and declared endovascular device choice. All trial personnel and patients were masked to sequence and treatment allocation. All patients underwent endovascular thrombectomy and received alteplase in usual care when indicated. The primary outcome was a favourable functional outcome 90 days after randomisation, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2. Secondary outcomes were measures of neurological disability, functional independence in activities of daily living, excellent functional outcome (mRS 0-1), and mortality. The analysis was done in the intention-to-treat population and adjusted for age, sex, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, ASPECTS, occlusion location, site, alteplase use, and declared first device. The safety population included all patients who received any amount of study drug. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02930018. FINDINGS: Between March 1, 2017, and Aug 12, 2019, 1105 patients were randomly assigned to receive nerinetide (n=549) or placebo (n=556). 337 (61·4%) of 549 patients with nerinetide and 329 (59·2%) of 556 with placebo achieved an mRS score of 0-2 at 90 days (adjusted risk ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·96-1·14; p=0·35). Secondary outcomes were similar between groups. We observed evidence of treatment effect modification resulting in inhibition of treatment effect in patients receiving alteplase. Serious adverse events occurred equally between groups. INTERPRETATION: Nerinetide did not improve the proportion of patients achieving good clinical outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy compared with patients receiving placebo. FUNDING: Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Alberta Innovates, and NoNO.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Trombectomia , Doença Aguda , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Proteína 4 Homóloga a Disks-Large/efeitos dos fármacos , Método Duplo-Cego , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/efeitos adversos , Peptídeos/efeitos adversos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
Cerebrovasc Dis ; 50(3): 288-295, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33588410

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Stroke risk scores (CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc) not only predict the risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, but have also been associated with prognosis after stroke. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between stroke risk scores and early neurological deterioration (END) in ischemic stroke patients with AF. METHODS: We included consecutive ischemic stroke patients with AF admitted between January 2013 and December 2015. CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores were calculated using the established scoring system. END was defined as an increase ≥2 on the total National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or ≥1 on the motor NIHSS score within the first 72 h of admission. RESULTS: A total of 2,099 ischemic stroke patients with AF were included. In multivariable analysis, CHA2DS2-VASc score (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-1.31) was significantly associated with END after adjusting for confounders. Initial NIHSS score, use of anticoagulants, and intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) were also found to be closely associated with END, independent of the CHA2DS2-VASc score. Multivariable analysis stratified by the presence of ICAS demonstrated that both CHA2DS2-VASc (aOR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.04-1.38) and CHADS2 scores (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.01-1.52) were closely related to END in only patients with ICAS. In patients without ICAS, neither of the risk scores were associated with END. CONCLUSIONS: High CHA2DS2-VASc score was associated with END in ischemic stroke patients with AF. This close relationship is more pronounced in patients with ICAS.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Avaliação da Deficiência , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , AVC Isquêmico/diagnóstico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/fisiopatologia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana/complicações , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana/diagnóstico , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana/fisiopatologia , AVC Isquêmico/etiologia , AVC Isquêmico/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Sistema de Registros , República da Coreia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco
14.
Neurol Sci ; 42(8): 3367-3374, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33411197

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) on stroke severity and prognosis in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. METHODS: Patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were retrieved from the Samsung Medical Center stroke registry from January 2011 to December 2016. Stroke severity was categorized into three levels according to National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS): transient ischemic attack (TIA) or transient symptoms with infarction (TSI), mild stroke, and moderate to severe stroke. WMH volume was measured with medical image processing and visualization. The clinical outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin scale on the 90th day from which the latest onset of the neurological symptom. Logistic regression was used to predict stroke severity, and ordinal regression was used to compare the clinical outcome. RESULTS: Among 158 patients, the numbers of patients with TIA or TSI, mild stroke, and moderate to severe stroke were 48 (30.4%), 59 (37.3%), and 51 (32.3%), respectively. The larger WMH volume was associated with moderate to severe strokes (TIA/TSI vs. moderate to severe strokes, odds ratio (OR) 2.318, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.194-4.502, p = 0.007; mild vs. moderate to severe strokes, OR 1.972, 95% CI 1.118-3.479, p = 0.013). Patients with larger volume of WMH showed poorer clinical outcome (cutoff value: 9.71 cm3, OR 2.099, 95% CI 1.030-4.311, p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that larger WMH volume is associated with more severe stroke and poorer prognosis in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , Estenose das Carótidas , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório , AVC Isquêmico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Substância Branca , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose das Carótidas/complicações , Estenose das Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/complicações , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem
15.
Stroke ; 51(8): 2495-2504, 2020 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32646333

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Luminal imaging (degree of stenosis) currently serves as the gold standard to predict stroke recurrence and guide therapeutic strategies in patients with intracranial large artery diseases (ILADs). We comparatively evaluated the importance of vessel wall and luminal changes in predicting stroke occurrence. METHODS: Consecutive patients with ILAD in the proximal middle cerebral artery or distal internal carotid artery without proximal sources of embolism from the carotid and heart underwent time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, and the ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) gene variant test. Patients were followed up for >3 months. RESULTS: Of the 675 patients, 241 (35.7%) had atherosclerotic ILAD and 434 (64.3%) showed nonatherosclerotic ILAD (315 [46.7%] moyamoya disease cases and 119 [17.6%] dissection cases). The RNF213 variant was detected in 74.9%, 33.6%, and 3.4% patients with moyamoya disease, atherosclerosis, and dissection, respectively. Three hundred (44.4%) patients had asymptomatic ILAD, whereas 375 (55.6%) patients had symptomatic ILAD. Multivariate analysis showed that vessel enhancement and etiological subtypes, not degree of stenosis, determined by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and RNF213 gene variant analysis were independently associated with symptomatic ILAD. The presence of the RNF213 variant was also independently associated with recurrent cerebrovascular events. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the prevalence of nonatherosclerotic ILAD in East Asian patients with ILAD. Unlike luminal changes, wall changes determined by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and presence of the RNF213 variant could predict stroke occurrence in patients with ILADs.


Assuntos
Endotélio Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Arteriais Intracranianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Moyamoya/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Ásia Oriental/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças Arteriais Intracranianas/epidemiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/tendências , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia
16.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry ; 91(2): 204-211, 2020 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31371644

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Intracranial atherosclerosis is a major cause of ischaemic stroke worldwide. A number of studies have shown the effects of statin treatment on coronary and carotid artery plaques, but there is little evidence on the effects of statin treatment on intracranial atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS: The Intensive Statin Treatment in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Patients with Intracranial Atherosclerosis - High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging (STAMINA-MRI) Trial is a single-arm, prospective, observational study monitoring imaging and clinical outcomes of high-dose statin treatment among statin-naive patients with acute ischaemic stroke caused by symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis. The primary outcome was the change in vascular remodelling and plaque characteristics before and after 6 months (median: 179 days, IQR 163-189 days) of statin treatment measured by high-resolution MRI (HR-MRI). RESULTS: A total of 77 patients (mean age: 62.6±13.7 years, 61.0% women) were included in this study. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (mg/dL) at initial and follow-up assessments were 125.81±35.69 and 60.95±19.28, respectively. Overall, statin treatment significantly decreased enhancement of plaque volume (mm3, 32.07±39.15 vs 17.06±34.53, p=0.013), the wall area index (7.50±4.28 vs 5.86±4.05, p=0.016) and stenosis degree (%, 76.47±20.23 vs 64.05±21.29, p<0.001), but not the remodelling index (p=0.195). However, 35% patients showed no change or increased enhancement volume and stenosis degree after statin treatment. Higher reduction of LDL-C and longer duration of statin treatment were associated with decreased enhancement volume after statin treatment. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose statin treatment effectively stabilised symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic plaques as documented by HR-MRI. Further study is needed to determine laboratory and genetic factors associated with poor response to statins and alternative therapeutic options, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibitors, for these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02458755.


Assuntos
Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana/tratamento farmacológico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/administração & dosagem , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana/complicações , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuroimagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
Eur Radiol ; 30(12): 6421-6431, 2020 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32676783

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Early recanalization and adequate collateral blood flow are surrogates for functional recovery in endovascular stroke treatment (EVT). We evaluated the prognostic value of pre- and immediate post-thrombectomy perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (PWI) parameters. METHODS: Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent EVT were enrolled. Lesion volumes and their corresponding changes on diffusion-weighted (DWI) and PWI were assessed. Outcome was measured with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days, and early neurological improvement (> 8 points improvement on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] or 0 to 1) at 7 days. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients were enrolled. After control of initial NIHSS and recanalization status, post-thrombectomy time-to-peak (TTP) hypoperfused volume and TTP hypoperfused volume change remained independent predictors of favorable functional outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.03-0.54, p = 0.005; OR = 1.018, 95% CI = 1.00-1.03, p = 0.017), and early neurological improvement (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.07-0.58, p = 0.003; OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.00-1.03, p = 0.010). The areas under the curve of post-thrombectomy TTP hypoperfused volume and TTP hypoperfused volume change were 0.90 and 0.82 (cutoff 68 mL and 56 mL) for favorable outcome and 0.86 and 0.82 (cutoff 76 mL and 58 mL) for early neurological improvement, which had better prognostic values than other MR parameters and recanalization grades. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a large amount of perfusion recovery on TTP is associated with favorable outcome as well as early neurological improvement after EVT, and may be a useful prognostic marker. KEY POINTS: • A large amount of perfusion recovery on TTP map is associated with favorable outcome and early neurological improvement after EVT. • The best cutoff value for favorable functional outcome was 68 mL for post-EVT TTP hypoperfused volume and 56 mL decrease for TTP hypoperfused volume. • Amount of perfusion recovery on TTP map has better performance on the prediction of favorable functional recovery and early neurological improvement than other diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MRI parameters and recanalization grades.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/cirurgia , Trombectomia , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Resultado do Tratamento
18.
J Proteome Res ; 18(10): 3800-3806, 2019 10 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31475827

RESUMO

We propose to use cRFP (common Repository of FBS Proteins) in the MS (mass spectrometry) raw data search of cell secretomes. cRFP is a small supplementary sequence list of highly abundant fetal bovine serum proteins added to the reference database in use. The aim behind using cRFP is to prevent the contaminant FBS proteins from being misidentified as other proteins in the reference database, just as we would use cRAP (common Repository of Adventitious Proteins) to prevent contaminant proteins present either by accident or through unavoidable contacts from being misidentified as other proteins. We expect it to be widely used in experiments where the proteins are obtained from serum-free media after thorough washing of the cells, or from a complex media such as SILAC, or from extracellular vesicles directly.


Assuntos
Células Cultivadas/metabolismo , Proteoma/análise , Proteômica/métodos , Soro/química , Animais , Bovinos , Meios de Cultura/química , Bases de Dados de Proteínas , Humanos , Espectrometria de Massas
19.
Stroke ; 50(10): 2944-2947, 2019 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31394991

RESUMO

Background and Purpose- The role of circulating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in cancer-related stroke is unknown. Methods- We conducted a prospective cohort study to test whether NETs are increased in cancer-related stroke and whether elevated NETs levels are associated with coagulopathy, assessed using D-dimer levels (≥2 µg/mL). Plasma DNA and nucleosome were assessed as NET-specific biomarkers. Results- In total, 138 patients were recruited; 38 patients had cancer-related stroke (active cancer and acute cryptogenic embolic stroke), 33 patients were healthy-controls, 27 patients were cancer-controls (active cancer but no stroke), and 40 patients were stroke-controls (acute ischemic stroke but no cancer). Plasma DNA and nucleosome levels were significantly elevated in cancer-related stroke patients than in healthy-controls (P<0.05). These levels were correlated with the D-dimer levels (P<0.01). In multiple regression analyses, increased plasma DNA levels were associated with cancer-related stroke (odds ratio=11.65 for highest quartile; 95% CI, 3.199-42.46) and D-dimer levels of ≥2 µg/mL (odds ratio=19.09 for highest quartile; 95% CI, 4.143-87.95) after adjusting for possible confounders. Conclusions- Increased circulating DNA levels were associated with cancer-related stroke, suggesting that NETosis is one of the molecular mechanisms of cancer-related stroke. Further long-term follow-up studies in large cohorts are needed to confirm the role of NET-specific biomarkers.


Assuntos
Ácidos Nucleicos Livres/sangue , Armadilhas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Neoplasias/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/sangue , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos
20.
Stroke ; 50(11): 3115-3120, 2019 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31554502

RESUMO

Background and Purpose- We hypothesized that the pial collateral status at the time of presentation could predict the infarct size on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with similar degrees of early ischemic changes on computed tomography. We tested the association between serial changes in collateral status and infarct volume defined on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in patients with large vessel occlusion and small core. Methods- Consecutive patients who were candidates for endovascular treatment (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score [ASPECTS] of ≥6 points) and who underwent both pretreatment multiphasic computed tomography angiography (mCTA) and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled. The baseline early ischemic changes and collateral status were determined using both mCTA and magnetic resonance imaging-based collateral maps. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate adjusted estimates of the effect of collateral status on predicting MR DWI lesion volume before endovascular treatment. Results- Of 65 patients (39 men; median age, 76 years; median ASPECTS, 8 points [range, 6-10]), 10 (15.4%), 8 (12.3%), and 47 (72.3%) presented poor, intermediate, and good collaterals on mCTA, respectively. After adjusting for the initial stroke severity, ASPECTS, time to DWI, and mismatch volume, the mCTA collateral grade was the only factor independently associated with the DWI lesion volume (ß=-35.657, SE mean=3.539; P<0.0001). An excellent correlation between the mCTA- and magnetic resonance imaging-based collateral grades was observed (matching grade seen in 92.3%), suggesting a collateral status persistence during the hyperacute stroke phase. Conclusions- The mCTA assessed collateral adequacy is the sole predictor of eventual DWI lesion volume before endovascular treatment. The added value of collateral assessment in early ischemic changes and large vessel occlusion for decision-making regarding more aggressive revascularizations requires further evaluation. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03234634 and NCT02668627.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Idoso , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia
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