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1.
Infection ; 42(4): 757-62, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24902520

RESUMO

ATRIPLA is licensed for use only in HIV-positive persons whose viral loads <50 for ≥ 3 months. We investigated the use of ATRIPLA as first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in EuroSIDA using a web-based survey performed in Autumn 2012. 96/112 clinics (85.7 %) completed the survey. Recommendations when initiating first-line ART was TRUVADA plus efavirenz in 36 (37.5 %), ATRIPLA in 35 (36.5 %), a different first-line regimen in 12 clinics (12.5 %), and no recommendation in 7 clinics (7.3 %). ATRIPLA was commonest in Northern (15/21 clinics; 71.4 %), and least common in Eastern Europe (2/31 clinics; 6.5 %; p < 0.0001). Over one-third of the participating clinics in this survey were using ATRIPLA as first-line antiretroviral therapy, despite EMA recommendations.


Assuntos
Adenina/análogos & derivados , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Uso de Medicamentos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Organofosfonatos/uso terapêutico , Oxazinas/uso terapêutico , Adenina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Coleta de Dados , Desoxicitidina/uso terapêutico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Combinação Efavirenz, Emtricitabina, Fumarato de Tenofovir Desoproxila , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos
2.
Clin Exp Immunol ; 161(1): 134-41, 2010 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20408859

RESUMO

Intermittent interleukin (IL)-2 administration to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infected patients is well documented and generally used, but there is limited information about the changes of acute-phase protein (APP) levels in response to this treatment. Fifteen patients undergoing highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) treatment, with undetectable viral load, but low CD4+ cell count (<300/microl), have been treated with 3.6 M IU Proleukine administered twice daily by subcutaneous injection over 5 days. C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, C3, C9, C1-inh and alpha-2HS glycoprotein levels were measured immediately before IL-2 administration, as well as on day 5 and 2-3 weeks thereafter. After IL-2 administration, both mean D-dimer and CRP levels increased significantly (P<0.001), but returned (P<0.001) to baseline within the subsequent 2-3 weeks. Alpha-2HS glycoprotein decreased immediately after IL-2 administration. No significant differences were detected in the levels of C3, C9 and C1-inh. A significant, positive correlation (r=0.5178, P=0.0008) was ascertained between the changes of CRP level, measured immediately before as well as 5 days after IL-2 administration, and changes in CD4 T cell counts measured 2-3 weeks before and after treatment, respectively. IL-2 administration induces rapid elevation of two major APPs (CRP, D-dimer). The positive correlation observed between the changes of CRP levels and CD4+ cell counts after IL-2 administration may indicate that the abrupt, but transitory overproduction of CRP might contribute to the CD4+ cell count-increasing effect of the drug and/ or may be associated with serious side effects.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Fase Aguda/análise , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , HIV-1 , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Interleucina-2/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Terapia Combinada , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio/análise , Seguimentos , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Humanos , Injeções Subcutâneas , Interleucina-2/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico
3.
AIDS ; 8(5): 603-9, 1994 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7914732

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between the progression of HIV disease and HIV neutralization and enhancement measured in the presence of human complement. DESIGN: Two studies were performed: (1) longitudinal measurement of the complement-dependent enhancing antibodies in parallel with T-cell subset determination in 55 serum samples from seven HIV-infected patients, and (2) determination of the titres of neutralizing and enhancing antibodies in stored samples of 21 HIV-asymptomatic patients obtained between 1986 and 1987 and follow-up of the patients until October 1992. METHODS: HIV-1 [human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)IIIB strain, 100 median tissue culture infective dose (TCID50)] was incubated with twofold dilutions of sera in the presence of human complement (final dilution, 1:4) and added to MT-4 cells. HIV growth was monitored daily for 5 days using the reclustering inhibition and p24 immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS: A significant negative correlation between the titres of enhancing antibodies and CD4+ cell count was found in longitudinal measurements. In the prospective studies, marked differences were observed between patients with undetectable, low, or high titres of enhancing antibodies in the clinical course of HIV disease: CD4+ cell counts and percentages decreased more rapidly in the high titre group within 3 years. After 5 years, AIDS developed in five out of six patients in the high titre group but only in five out of 15 of the low titre group (P < 0.05). A similar difference was observed between patients with and without neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of HIV neutralization and enhancement in complement-containing serum samples using a complement receptor carrying target may provide data of clinical relevance. Neutralization appears to be associated with a favourable prognosis whereas high titre enhancing antibodies predict rapid progression of HIV disease.


Assuntos
Proteínas do Sistema Complemento , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , HIV-1/imunologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/sangue , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Seguimentos , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Hemofilia A/complicações , Homossexualidade , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Testes de Neutralização , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco
4.
AIDS ; 1(3): 161-5, 1987 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3126757

RESUMO

A method previously used for studying the specificity of antibody components of circulating immune complexes in different diseases has been applied to analyse circulating immune complexes in HIV-infected patients. Antibodies against HIV antigens hidden in circulating immune complexes were studied in 14 sera from 13 patients with asymptomatic HIV infection (group 1) and in 11 sera from seven patients with HIV symptoms (group 2). HIV antigen-coated wells from the Vironostika kit as well as core and envelope antigen-coated beads from the Abbott confirmatory kit were used as solid-phase antigen. Using the Vironostika plates, HIV antibodies were demonstrated in circulating immune complexes in three and five sera in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Anti-core antibodies hidden in circulating immune complexes were present in three out of eight and two out of nine sera, respectively, in groups 1 and 2, whereas anti-envelope antibodies were present in circulating immune complexes in one out of eight and six out of nine sera in the same groups. These findings demonstrate that not only core-anti-core but also envelope-anti-envelope immune complexes are present in the sera of HIV infected patients.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Complexo Antígeno-Anticorpo/isolamento & purificação , HIV/imunologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Precipitação Química , Anticorpos Anti-HIV , Antígenos HIV , Humanos , Masculino , Pepsina A , Polietilenoglicóis , Proteínas do Core Viral/imunologia , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/imunologia
5.
AIDS ; 5(3): 263-8, 1991 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1676275

RESUMO

Reclustering and indirect immunofluorescence assays on MT-4 cells [carrying both CD4 and complement receptor type 2 (CR2)] were used to measure neutralizing and enhancing antibodies in sera obtained from HIV-1-infected individuals. Heat-inactivated sera were tested before and after mixing 1:1 with fresh seronegative human serum. Using heated samples, neutralizing antibodies were found in 20 out of 20 and 11 out of 19 serum samples of asymptomatic and symptomatic [AIDS, AIDS-related complex (ARC)] HIV-seropositive patients, respectively. In complement-restored samples, neutralizing activity was found in eight sera of asymptomatic patients and in none of the sera of AIDS and ARC patients; enhancing activity could be detected in four and 12 sera, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between the titres of neutralizing antibodies measured in the complement-restored samples and the absolute number of CD4+ lymphocytes. These findings indicate that the appearance of complement-dependent enhancing antibodies coincident with the loss of neutralizing antibodies may indicate a poor prognosis in HIV infection.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , HIV-1/imunologia , Complexo Relacionado com a AIDS/imunologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos B/imunologia , Antígenos CD4/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linhagem Celular , Proteínas do Sistema Complemento/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/classificação , Infecções por HIV/patologia , Soropositividade para HIV/imunologia , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Testes de Neutralização , Receptores de Complemento/imunologia , Receptores de Complemento 3d , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/patologia
6.
AIDS ; 13(14): 1841-9, 1999 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10513641

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We have previously demonstrated that complement-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (C-ADE) of HIV-1 infection correlates with accelerated immunosuppression and disease progression in HIV-1-infected individuals. In the present work the relationship between C-ADE and plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations was studied to determine the effect of C-ADE on viral replication. METHODS: Three studies were performed: (a) C-ADE and HIV-1 RNA concentrations were determined in the serum and plasma aliquots taken at the same time from 98 HIV patients, mostly in the advanced stage of the disease; (b) the above two parameters as well as HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-reactive antibodies (Abbott HIV 1/2 test), and p24 antigen levels (Abbott antigen test; Abbott, Delkenheim, Germany) were determined in four seroconversion panels purchased from the Boston Biomedica firm; (c) changes of HIV-1 RNA concentration and C-ADE during a 17 month follow-up period were determined in 18 HIV-infected patients. C-ADE was measured by the method previously established in our laboratories. The results were expressed by an enhancement/neutralization index (E/NI). HIV-1 RNA levels were determined with the Amplicor monitor kit (Roche, Basel, Switzerland), and in some experiments with the nucleic acid sequence based amplification (Organon Teknika, Turnhout, Belgium) kits. RESULTS: (a) We found a highly significant (P<0.0001) positive correlation between E/NI values reflecting the extent of HIV-1 infection enhancement and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. Both E/NI and HIV-1 RNA levels negatively correlated to the CD4 cell counts. (b) C-ADE was first detected just before, or concomitantly with, seroconversion in 4/4 seroconversion panels. (c) Both E/NI values and HIV-1 RNA levels significantly (P<0.001) increased during a 17 month observation period in 18 HIV-infected patients. CONCLUSION: We found strong association between the extent of the complement-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement of HIV-1 infection and the plasma viral load in HIV patients. On the basis of these findings, C-ADE correlates with HIV replication in vivo, and potentially contributes to the progression of HIV disease.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Facilitadores/imunologia , Proteínas do Sistema Complemento/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , HIV-1/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/fisiopatologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/genética , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Viral/sangue , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Carga Viral
7.
Antivir Ther ; 6(1): 21-39, 2001 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11417759

RESUMO

HIV drug resistance is one of the major limitations in the successful treatment of HIV-infected patients using currently available antiretroviral combination therapies. When appropriate, drug susceptibility profiles should be taken into consideration in the choice of a specific combination therapy. Guidelines recommending resistance testing in certain circumstances have been issued. Many clinicians have access to resistance testing and will increasingly use these results in their treatment decisions. In this document, we comment on the different methods available, and the relevant issues relating to the clinical application of these tests. Specifically, the following recommendations can be made: (i) genotypic and phenotypic HIV-1 drug resistance analyses can yield complementary information for the clinician. However, insufficient information currently exists as to which approach is preferable in any particular clinical setting; (ii) when HIV-1 drug resistance testing is required, it is recommended that testing be performed on plasma samples obtained before starting, stopping or changing therapy, on samples that have a viral load above the detection limit of the resistance test; (iii) the panel recommends that genotypic and phenotypic HIV-1 drug resistance testing for clinical purposes be performed in a certified laboratory under strict quality control and quality assurance standards; and (iv) the panel recommends that resistance testing laboratories provide clinicians with resistance reports that include a list of drug-related resistance mutations (genotype) and/or a list of drug-related fold resistance values (phenotype), with interpretations of each by an experienced virologist. The interpretation of genotypic and phenotypic analysis is a complex and developing science, and in order to understand HIV-1 drug resistance reports, communication between the requesting clinician and the expert that interpreted the resistance report is recommended.


Assuntos
HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/tratamento farmacológico , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Seguimentos , Genótipo , Guias como Assunto , HIV-1/genética , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/normas , Fenótipo , Controle de Qualidade
8.
Antivir Ther ; 9(6): 829-48, 2004 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15651743

RESUMO

In most European countries, HIV drug resistance testing has become a routine clinical tool. However, its practical implementation in a clinical context is demanding. The European HIV Drug Resistance Panel was established to make recommendations to clinicians and virologists on this topic and to propose quality control measures. The panel recommends resistance testing for the following indications: i) drug-naive patients with acute or recent infection; ii) therapy failure, including suboptimal treatment response, when treatment change is considered; iii) pregnant HIV-1-infected women and paediatric patients with detectable viral load when treatment initiation or change is considered; and iv) genotype source patient when post-exposure prophylaxis is considered. In addition, for drug-naive patients with chronic infection in whom treatment is to be started, the panel suggests that resistance testing should be strongly considered and recommends testing the earliest sample for drug resistance if suspicion of resistance is high or prevalence of resistance in this population exceeds 10%. The panel does not favour genotyping over phenotype, however it is anticipated that genotyping will be used more often because of its greater accessibility, lower cost and faster turnaround time. For the interpretation of resistance data, clinically validated systems should be used to the greatest extent possible. It is mandatory that laboratories performing HIV resistance tests take regular part in quality assurance programs. Similarly, it is necessary that HIV clinicians and virologists take part in continuous education and meet regularly to discuss problematic clinical cases. Indeed, resistance test results should be used in the context of all other clinically relevant information for predicting therapy response. The panel also encourages the timely collection of epidemiological information to estimate the impact of transmission of resistant HIV and the prevalence of HIV-1 non-B subtypes in the different European countries.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Viral , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/farmacologia , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Viral/genética , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/genética , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Gravidez , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/uso terapêutico
9.
Thromb Haemost ; 37(3): 535-40, 1977 Jun 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-578033

RESUMO

Previous work from this department, concerned with testing the potential thrombogenicity of therapeutic factor IX concentrates, demonstrated that following recalcification of factor IX concentrates thrombin was generated within 3--30 minutes of incubation (Sas el al. 1975). The test developed (known as the TGt 50 test) is a two-stage assay and was thus found to be time consuming, tedious and tended to become inaccurate with long incubation periods and a large number of samples. A semiautomatic version of the test is reported in which the synthetic peptide Bz-ILE-GLU-GLY-ARG-pNA (S-2222) is added to recalcified, diluted factor IX concentrate in the micro-cuvette of a multiple sample recording spectrophotometer. Information can be obtained on (a) the amount of Xa (if any) present prior to recalcification (b) the initial amount of Xa formed and (c) the time taken to activate all factor =X to Xa. Direct graphical interpretation shows a number of qualitative differences between commercial preparations, but by either of the criteria (b) or (c) above, it is possible to place the different products into "activated" and "non activated" groups such that both the Xa generation times and TGt 50 tests identify the same two groups of products. This aggreement also indicates that the TGt 50 test is independent of the intrinsic factor V levels in the various concentrates.


Assuntos
Fator IX , Fator X/análise , Humanos , Métodos , Peptídeos , Espectrofotometria , Fatores de Tempo
10.
Thromb Haemost ; 38(2): 494-503, 1977 Aug 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-579491

RESUMO

Antithrombin III (AT III) complexes were isolated from human serum by affinity chromatography and gel filtration. In the first step of the preparation, using heparin-agarose chromatography, we observed that the complexed form of AT III bound less strongly to the gel than the free form and that about half of the AT III was free. With further purification a 2.5 X 10(5) molecular weight complex was isolated. Using 125I labelled human thrombin, this complex was radioactive indicating the presence of thrombin. Only in a synthetic thrombin-AT III system was a 9 X 10(4) molecular weight complex detected, but not in serum. These facts suggest that in serum AT III complexes may exist in a polymeric form. Also, an AT III antigen derived from the original AT III molecule, but not complexed, was isolated which may be a degradation product.


Assuntos
Antitrombinas , Antígenos/análise , Antitrombinas/sangue , Antitrombinas/imunologia , Antitrombinas/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia de Afinidade , Cromatografia em Gel , Heparina , Humanos , Peso Molecular , Trombina/metabolismo
11.
Thromb Haemost ; 43(2): 133-6, 1980 Jun 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7455972

RESUMO

We investigated two thrombophilic families with the "classical" type of antithrombin III deficiency, i.e., with a low antithrombin III level measured both by immunochemical and functional methods. We obtained different antithrombin III patterns in the plasma of the affected members of the two families with the modified two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis method (heparin in agarose). In one family, the electrophoretic mobility of the antithrombin III is identical with that of normal antithrombin III. In the other, the antithrombin III displayed a decreased electrophoretic mobility in the heparinized agarose gel. The relatively low affinity of this antithrombin III to heparin could be directly proved by the heparin-agarose affinity chromatography, too. These two different antithrombin III patterns were observed by other investigators at different families as well. On the basis of our simultaneous observations of these two families we propose a classification of the inherited congenital antithrombin III deficiencies.


Assuntos
Deficiência de Antitrombina III , Adolescente , Adulto , Antitrombina III/genética , Antitrombina III/imunologia , Cromatografia de Afinidade , Cromatografia em Gel , Humanos , Imunoeletroforese Bidimensional
12.
Immunol Lett ; 58(3): 171-5, 1997 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9293399

RESUMO

Serum concentrations of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) were determined in the sera of 67 HIV-seropositive patients in different stages of HIV disease and in the sera of 75 HIV-seronegative healthy individuals. In the asymptomatic (AS) HIV-infected persons MBL concentrations were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) lower than in the HIV-seronegative controls, whereas in the AIDS patients they were not. Very low (< or = 25 ng/ml) MBL serum concentrations were detected in 5/19 (26.3%) and 7/75 (9.3%) of the AS HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative individuals, respectively (P = 0.06). In the sera of the HIV-infected patients, MBL levels positively correlated to the neopterin concentrations (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.401, P = 0.0009) while they negatively correlated to the percentage (-0.447, P = 0.0011) and absolute number (-0.453, P = 0.0012) of the CD4+ lymphocytes. These observations indicate that MBL level, which is under strict genetic control, may influence the susceptibility to HIV infection and the progression of HIV disease.


Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/sangue , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Lectinas/sangue , Mananas/sangue , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Colectinas , Progressão da Doença , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Humanos , Neopterina/sangue , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T
13.
Immunol Lett ; 41(1): 33-6, 1994 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7959901

RESUMO

Two types of antibodies which previously were found to be inversely associated with CD4+ cell counts and which may contribute to the progression of HIV disease were measured in parallel in 55 serum samples of 7 longitudinally tested HIV-infected patients (4 homosexual men, 3 haemophilic men) and in 15 serum samples from 15 patients with advanced AIDS. HIV-infection enhancing antibodies were determined in the presence of near-physiologic human complement concentration using a complement receptor type 2 (CR2) carrying HIV-target cell line. IgG and IgA class autoantibodies directed against human IgG-Fab fragments were measured in specific ELISA assays. In agreement with our previous studies obtained in HIV-seropositive haemophilic patients, significant negative correlations were found between CD4+ cell counts and IgG anti-Fab and IgA anti-Fab antibodies (Spearman correlation coefficient r = -0.587, P < 0.0001; and r = -0.269, P = 0.024, respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between complement-dependent enhancing antibodies and IgA anti-Fab antibodies (r = 0.408, P = 0.003), whereas the correlation with IgG anti-Fab antibodies was only weak (r = 0.288, P = 0.034). Serum samples with high titres of complement-dependent enhancing antibodies had almost 3 times higher IgA anti-Fab autoantibody activity than sera with low titres (P = 0.0038). Our findings indicate that the two disease markers in HIV disease, enhancing antibodies and autoantibodies directed against the Fab moiety of IgG, are not identical. However, anti-Fab antibodies may contribute to complement-dependent HIV infection enhancement.


Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Fragmentos Fab das Imunoglobulinas/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Proteínas do Sistema Complemento/imunologia , Progressão da Doença , HIV-1/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Masculino
14.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses ; 16(6): 513-6, 2000 Apr 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10777141

RESUMO

We examined the diversity of HIV-1 subtypes in 11 adults from Hungary, using the heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) and DNA sequencing. HMA results showed that HIV-1 gp120 sequences from 10 patients were of subtype B, whereas 1 patient, infected in Africa, carried a subtype C strain. DNA sequencing confirmed the HMA results and revealed a high intrasubtype diversity in the C2V3 region of env in different clade B isolates, which suggests multiple introduction of subtype B to Hungary. This study shows that subtype B is the predominant HIV-1 clade in Hungary.


Assuntos
DNA Viral/genética , Proteína gp120 do Envelope de HIV/genética , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , HIV-1/genética , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/virologia , Adulto , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência Consenso , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/química , Análise Heteroduplex , Homossexualidade , Humanos , Hungria/epidemiologia , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Provírus/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência
15.
Immunobiology ; 203(5): 756-68, 2001 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11563675

RESUMO

Anticholesterol antibodies (ACHA) are natural antibodies against the 3beta-OH group of cholesterol. Since lipid disorders are common in HIV infection and HAART may further enhance dislipidaemia, we determined by using an ELISA method serum ACHA concentrations in HIV patients and healthy HIV-seronegative controls. ACHA levels were almost 4 times higher in the sera of 46 patients than in 110 controls. No difference in the specificity of ACHA was found between HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative sera. Binding of ACHA to cholesterol-coated plates from a HIV-seropositive serum was dose-dependently inhibited by preincubation with HIV-1(BA-L) preparation. Serum concentration of ACHA was significantly higher in the patients with low serum cholesterol levels than in those with normal cholesterol levels. HAART induced a marked drop of ACHA concentration. We found a significant negative correlation between the length of HAART and the ACHA levels. By contrast, HAART did not significantly influence total IgG concentration and titers of antibodies against 60 kD heat shock protein. Our findings indicate that high levels of ACHA in HIV-infection may contribute to the development of hypocholesterolaemia frequently observed in this disease.


Assuntos
Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Colesterol/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Soropositividade para HIV/imunologia , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carga Viral
16.
J Clin Epidemiol ; 49(11): 1253-8, 1996 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8892493

RESUMO

To assess which factors are associated with the CD4+ lymphocyte count at the time of AIDS diagnosis we studied 3046 patients in the AIDS IN EUROPE study who were diagnosed with AIDS in 1 of 17 European countries between 1979 and 1989 and for whom the CD4 count at AIDS diagnosis was known. Data were extracted retrospectively from patient case notes, using a standardized form. There was a wide range of average CD4+ lymphocyte counts at AID diagnosis, according to which diseases were present at diagnosis. The highest geometric mean CD4+ lymphocyte counts at AIDS diagnosis were associated with the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Kaposi's sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma while the lowest counts were found when histoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis were present. There were no appreciable differences between CD4+ lymphocyte counts at AIDS in patients according to the three major transmission route categories (sex, age, or region of diagnosis) but there was a marked trend (p < 0.005) toward lower CD4+ lymphocyte counts at AIDS diagnosis in more recent years. These associations remained largely unchanged after adjustment for other factors.


Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/imunologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnóstico , Adulto , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
17.
Pathol Oncol Res ; 4(1): 52-5, 1998.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9555122

RESUMO

Nucleic Acid Sequence Based Amplification (NASBA) is a suitable method for the quantification of HIV-1 RNA in plasma and serum samples. Since determination of the viral load appears to be a valuable marker for the prediction of disease progression and for monitoring the efficiency of antiretroviral therapy, the National AIDS Committee initiated the introduction of NASBA in Hungary at the end of 1996. We obtained plasma samples from patients with ARC and AIDS of the Szt. László Hospital, Budapest. We found an increased viral burden in untreated AIDS (CDC group C) patients compared to untreated ARC (CDC group B) patients. In plasma samples of clinically stable ARC and AIDS patients treated with antiretroviral drugs we detected relatively low HIV-1 RNA copy levels while similarly treated ARC and AIDS patients with progressive disease had high HIV-1 RNA copy numbers. The CD4+ T-cell count was lower in AIDS patients compared to ARC patients, as expected. In general, there was an inverse correlation (r = -0.487, P < 0.0001) between CD4+ T-cell counts and HIV-1 RNA levels. We concluded that measurement of HIV-1 RNA plasma level has an important role in assessing prognosis and effects of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Hungria/epidemiologia , Carga Viral
18.
Acta Virol ; 36(4): 392-400, 1992 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1362323

RESUMO

Sera obtained from 27 HIV-infected persons were investigated for complement-dependent humoral cytotoxicity. Uninfected as well as HTLV-IIIB-infected H9 cells were used as cellular targets either before or after stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (Con-A). The degree of cytotoxicity was determined by 51Cr-release assay. Two different antibodies could be found in sera of HIV-infected persons, one being directed against HIV-induced cell surface component(s) and the other reacting with structure(s) present on activated T4 cells. Asymptomatic HIV-carries were found to have antibodies exerting complement-dependent cytotoxicity to HIV-infected T4 cells. These antibodies were reactive mainly after stimulation of HIV-infected target cells by Con-A. Sera of ARC and AIDS patients contained autoantibodies reactive with PHA-stimulated or HIV-infected T4 lymphocytes. These data suggest that HIV-specific antibodies represent an anti-viral immune defense, while autoantibodies may be important in destruction of the immune system in AIDS.


Assuntos
Soro Antilinfocitário/sangue , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Complexo Relacionado com a AIDS/imunologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Relação CD4-CD8 , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linhagem Celular , Testes Imunológicos de Citotoxicidade , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Humanos
19.
Orv Hetil ; 138(47): 2987-90, 1997 Nov 23.
Artigo em Húngaro | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9432649

RESUMO

HIV-1 infected pregnant woman with minor HIV-related symptoms insisted on her pregnancy. Having been on zidovudine prophylaxis (ACTG 076) she delivered a healthy girl and DNA PCR test indicated the lack of her infection. Principles of counselling, care and obstetric management of HIV infected pregnant women are also summarised.


Assuntos
Soropositividade para HIV , HIV-1 , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/terapia , Zidovudina/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Aconselhamento , Feminino , Humanos , Hungria , Linhagem , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Resultado da Gravidez
20.
Orv Hetil ; 131(17): 895-8, 1990 Apr 29.
Artigo em Húngaro | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2345635

RESUMO

Human immunodeficiency virus infected persons are usually identified by indirect methods, detecting viral-specific antibodies. Helping the early diagnosis of HIV infection there is a need to detect virus or viral specific antigens directly. Virus isolation have been attempted from separated lymphocytes of HIV infected five homosexual male patients and one transfusion recipient. Three patients had AIDS, three belonged to the ARC group at the time of the examination. In 3 out of 6 lymphocyte cultures cocultivated with normal donor lymphocytes, virus antigens and virus replications had been detected within ten days of culture. The amount of HIV antigen p24 ranged between 0.5----2.0 ng/ml during the first two weeks of cocultivation. Permanent human lymphoid and monocyte/macrophage cell lines have been infected by the viruses isolated from the primer lymphocyte cocultures. Productive infection could be initiated in Jurkat tat-III and U937 cells, while infection of Jurkat and HUT 78 cell lines was transient. Results indicate, that HIVs could be isolated from infected Hungarian patients with various stages of AIDS and one isolate--termed HIV-1FB918--actively replicates in human permanent cell lines.


Assuntos
Complexo Relacionado com a AIDS/microbiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/microbiologia , HIV/isolamento & purificação , Complexo Relacionado com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Complexo Relacionado com a AIDS/imunologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , HIV/imunologia , Homossexualidade , Humanos , Hungria/epidemiologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Linfócitos/microbiologia , Masculino , Reação Transfusional
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