RESUMO
PURPOSE: The objective of this review was to explore the potential clinical application of unconventional non-amino acid PET radiopharmaceuticals in patients with gliomas. METHODS: A comprehensive search strategy was used based on SCOPUS and PubMed databases using the following string: ("perfusion" OR "angiogenesis" OR "hypoxia" OR "neuroinflammation" OR proliferation OR invasiveness) AND ("brain tumor" OR "glioma") AND ("Positron Emission Tomography" OR PET). From all studies published in English, the most relevant articles were selected for this review, evaluating the mostly used PET radiopharmaceuticals in research centers, beyond amino acid radiotracers and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG), for the assessment of different biological features, such as perfusion, angiogenesis, hypoxia, neuroinflammation, cell proliferation, tumor invasiveness, and other biological characteristics in patients with glioma. RESULTS: At present, the use of non-amino acid PET radiopharmaceuticals specifically designed to assess perfusion, angiogenesis, hypoxia, neuroinflammation, cell proliferation, tumor invasiveness, and other biological features in glioma is still limited. CONCLUSION: The use of investigational PET radiopharmaceuticals should be further explored considering their promising potential and studies specifically designed to validate these preliminary findings are needed. In the clinical scenario, advancements in the development of new PET radiopharmaceuticals and new imaging technologies (e.g., PET/MR and the application of the artificial intelligence to medical images) might contribute to improve the clinical translation of these novel radiotracers in the assessment of gliomas.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioma , Inteligência Artificial , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Imagem Molecular , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Both the pathogenetic interpretation and treatment of phenobarbital-induced rheumatism are uncertain. The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome which complicates antiepileptic drug therapy is a problem for rheumatologists. The aim of our study was to test the effect of gabapentin as an additional therapy in patients suffering from phenobarbital-induced shoulder-hand syndrome when these patients were treated with gabapentin instead of receiving phenobarbital only. After a 3-month observation period, the pain and the movement range from the shoulder to the wrist and to the hand improved more than in the control group using acetaminophen. Further studies are required to confirm this observation.
Assuntos
Acetatos/uso terapêutico , Aminas , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos , Fenobarbital/efeitos adversos , Distrofia Simpática Reflexa/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico , Idoso , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Gabapentina , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distrofia Simpática Reflexa/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
Patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the cervical spine were studied by ultrasound examination. The region of interest was the soft connective tissue layer above the right and the left superior trapezium that revealed a significant difference in thickness between the left and right side. The aching side was treated with a new type of very low-power, modulated laser for 3 min. Immediately after application, the sonographic examination revealed a significant symmetrization of the subcutaneous tissue.
Assuntos
Vértebras Cervicais , Tecido Conjuntivo/cirurgia , Terapia a Laser/métodos , Osteoartrite/cirurgia , Idoso , Tecido Conjuntivo/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteoartrite/diagnóstico por imagem , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the cervical spine were treated with very low-power modulated laser (LPL). Two applications were performed at an interval of 20 days. Changes in pain and ultrasound thickness of the soft connective tissue layer above the right and the left superior trapezium were studied. No worsening of pain was observed. Pain improved after the first application of LPL in 9 out of 14 patients, but the difference was not significant. Pain improvement remained stable between the first assessment and the second assessment, which was performed after 20 days. In comparison with the first application, at the second application the number of patients with improved pain after LPL increased to 12 out of 14 (p < 0.01). An appreciable difference in the thickness of the subcutaneous soft tissue layer overlying the two superior trapezia was demonstrated in all patients at the first examination. Comparison of the measurements before and after the application of LPL showed significant differences.
Assuntos
Vértebras Cervicais , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Osteoartrite/radioterapia , Espondilartrite/radioterapia , Idoso , Vértebras Cervicais/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagem , Pescoço/patologia , Osteoartrite/diagnóstico por imagem , Dor/radioterapia , Medição da Dor , Espondilartrite/diagnóstico por imagem , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the joint count for affected joints and involvement distribution in erosive osteoarthritis (EOA) versus nodal osteoarthritis (NOA) of the hands in patients matched for sex, age, and disease duration. After recruitment of 101 consecutive outpatients affected with EOA, 101 patients affected by NOA were selected and matched for age, sex, and disease duration. Joint count for distal interphalangeal (DIP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and first carpo-metacarpal (CMC-1) joints, presenting Kellgren and Lawrence grade 2-4 OA, was performed. In our study, the number of affected joints was higher in NOA, with significant differences for some articular districts, especially in PIP joints of the fourth finger, and DIP joints of the second, third and fourth fingers.
Assuntos
Articulações dos Dedos/patologia , Mãos/patologia , Osteoartrite/patologia , Articulação do Punho/patologia , Fatores Etários , Mãos/anatomia & histologia , Humanos , Osteoartrite/classificação , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
In the present study we evaluated the 3-month follow-up of 14 subjects with phenobarbital-induced shoulder-hand syndrome after discontinuation of their previous pharmacological treatment (group 1: gabapentin 100 mg/day; group 2: acetaminophen 3 g/day for 3 months). The aim of this study was to evaluate pain and joint function in each group after cessation of treatment and to compare the results in the two groups. The result for pain and joint function was better in the seven patients previously treated with gabapentin.
Assuntos
Acetaminofen/uso terapêutico , Acetatos/uso terapêutico , Aminas , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos , Fenobarbital/efeitos adversos , Distrofia Simpática Reflexa/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico , Artralgia/tratamento farmacológico , Artralgia/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Gabapentina , Humanos , Masculino , Articulação Metacarpofalângica/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuralgia/tratamento farmacológico , Neuralgia/fisiopatologia , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Distrofia Simpática Reflexa/induzido quimicamente , Distrofia Simpática Reflexa/fisiopatologia , Dor de Ombro/tratamento farmacológico , Dor de Ombro/fisiopatologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Nervo Ulnar/fisiopatologia , Articulação do Punho/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
In this study, we tested a new square wave microprocessor-controlled red laser with an extremely low peak power output (<3 mW; very low level laser therapy [vLLLT]) in experimental pain in the rat. Acute inflammation was induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan, chronic inflammation was induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and neuropathic pain was produced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI). In our study vLLLT was effective in reducing edema and hyperalgesia in acute and chronic inflammation if administered at the points usually selected for acupuncture. Moreover, spontaneous pain and thermal hyperalgesia were reduced in CCI rats treated with vLLLT In conclusion, vLLLT reduced edema and induced analgesia in experimental plantar pain in rats. We interpret this to mean that enkephalin mRNA level was strongly upregulated in the external layers of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in CFA and CCI animals, and that vLLLT further increased the mRNA level in single neurons.
Assuntos
Edema/terapia , Lasers , Manejo da Dor , Animais , Encefalinas/genética , Encefalinas/metabolismo , Hibridização In Situ , Masculino , Neurônios/metabolismo , Medição da Dor , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Medula Espinal/citologia , Medula Espinal/metabolismoAssuntos
Aneurisma Roto/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Ilíaco/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Idoso , Meios de Contraste , Diagnóstico Precoce , Radioisótopos de Flúor/análise , Fluordesoxiglucose F18/análise , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Masculino , Músculos Psoas/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/análise , Ruptura EspontâneaRESUMO
The aim of the paper is to investigate the application of control schemes based on "internal models" to the stabilization of the standing posture. The computational complexities of the control problems are analyzed, showing that muscle stiffness alone is insufficient to carry out the task. The paper also re-visits the concept of the cerebellum as a Smith's predictor.