Systematic Review: Puberty suppression with GnRH analogues in adolescents with gender incongruity.

CONTEXT: Gender incongruence is defined as disharmony between assigned gender and gender identity. Several interventions are liable in this case including genital affirming surgery among other surgical interventions such as harmonization, and also the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) for gonadal shielding. This aids in preventing the development of secondary sexual characteristics related to the genetic sex. OBJECTIVE: Systematically review the treatment of gender incongruity with GnRHa analogues. DATA SOURCES: The data source of this research is from Pubmed-Medline and Embase. STUDY SELECTION: Articles published between 2009 and 2019 which studied transgender adolescents treated with GnRHa were carefully selected. DATA EXTRACTION: Were extracted: design, sample size, study context, targeted subjects of intervention, outcome measures, and results. RESULTS: Eleven studies were included. The use of GnRHa seems to be well tolerated by the studied population. When started in pubertal transition, it was associated with a more distinct resemblance to body shape than to the affirmed sex. In addition to preventing the irreversible phenotypic changes that occur in cross-hormonal therapy, the use of GnRHa can equally contribute to the mental health of these adolescents. LIMITATION: There are few consistent studies on the use of GnRHa for gender incongruence. CONCLUSION: As the population of transgender children and adolescents grows, they acquire knowledge and greater access to the various forms and stages of treatment for sex reassignment. The medical community needs to be adequately prepared to better serve this population and offer the safest resources available.

Spontaneous Reproductive Tract Lesions in Aged Captive Chimpanzees.

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have served as an important model for studies of reproductive diseases and aging-related disorders in humans. However, limited information is available about spontaneously occurring reproductive tract lesions in aging chimpanzees. In this article, the authors present histopathologic descriptions of lesions identified in the reproductive tract, including the mammary gland, of 33 female and 34 male aged chimpanzees from 3 captive populations. The most common findings in female chimpanzees were ovarian atrophy, uterine leiomyoma, adenomyosis, and endometrial atrophy. The most common findings in male chimpanzees were seminiferous tubule degeneration and lymphocytic infiltrates in the prostate gland. Other less common lesions included an ovarian granulosa cell tumor, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, an endometrial polyp, uterine artery hypertrophy and mineralization, atrophic vaginitis, mammary gland inflammation, prostatic epithelial hyperplasia, dilated seminal vesicles, a sperm granuloma, and lymphocytic infiltrates in the epididymis. The findings in this study closely mimic changes described in the reproductive tract of aged humans, with the exception of a lack of malignant changes observed in the mammary gland and prostate gland.

Bilateral buphthalmia in a 4-month-old Texas longhorn steer.

Congenital ocular disease occurs uncommonly in cattle, with multiple abnormalities reported only sporadically in the literature. This report describes a case of anterior segment dysgenesis resulting in glaucoma in a 4-month-old Texas Longhorn steer. On clinical exam, bilateral buphthalmia was present and intraocular pressures exceeded 47 mm Hg in both eyes. On histopathologic examination, the iridocorneal angle and filtration apparatus were distorted due to collapse of the ciliary cleft and anterior displacement of the anterior portion of the ciliary body. No evidence of inflammation or other causes of glaucoma were recognized.

The structure of Yalom's Curative Factors Scale.

Factor analysis was used to evaluate the short form of Yalom's Curative Factors Scale with data from 372 participants in the 1986 American Group Psychotherapy Association Institute Groups. With the data randomly assigned to three subgroups, results showed 10 scale items loading on three factors across all three subgroups. When the data was organized into two self-selected subgroups corresponding to the two Institute group categories, factor analyses showed the first factor to be consistent with the previous analyses, but other factors showed differences interpreted to be characteristic of the two groups' modalities. The study suggests a framework for understanding the concept of therapeutic factors and how they work together.

A sociometric test to identify emergent leader and member roles: phase I.

This is the first phase in the design of a sociometric test for the empirical identification of four leadership roles: Task, Emotional, Scapegoat, and Defiant Leaders and one Nonleader member role. Eighteen different questions have been used in studying 273 cases in 31 closed psychotherapy groups. (1) A factor analysis identified two factors that describe an involvement/commitment dimension (Factor 1) and a positive/negative change dimension (Factor 2). (2) A discriminant function analysis showed that the five roles were differentiated at a statistically significant level. (3) Role assignments, based on weights, produced by this test were compared to clinically identified leaders with an overall hit rate of 97%, indicating a low error factor when the formulas were applied to this data base. Steps for the next phases in the construction of this test are outlined.