[Topical aspects of organization of tuberculosis monitoring at the level of a subject of the Russian Federation (in case of the Belgorod Region)].

The paper shows how a tuberculosis monitoring system is under development at the level of the Russian Federation subject--the Belgorod Region. The tuberculosis monitoring system allows an effective control of both tuberculosis-controlling measures determined by the existing normative documents and orders and supplementary measures to enhance the effectiveness of tuberculosis control in the region. Tuberculosis monitoring should be further improved at the regional region by the sections: outpatient visit, antiepidemic measures in the foci; children's sanatorium work, cohorts to be examined by a physio pediatrician.

[Detection of tuberculosis in the countries of Central Asia by the electronic monitoring system data].

The basic stages of putting into practice of tuberculosis monitoring systems in the Central Asian Region (CAC) (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrghyz, and Tajikistan) with the assistance of the USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central Asian Region Programs (CDC/CAR), and the USA Agency for International Development in 2000-2006 are considered. These stages comprised: 1) modification of accounting and reporting forms in accordance with the requirements of the uniform statistical tuberculosis registration system; 2) development, adaptation, and introduction of an electronic tuberculosis monitoring and management system (ETMMS) in the regions and countries of Central Asia; 3) epidemiological analysis of information of tuberculosis monitoring systems, by using the elements of evidence-based medicine. At present, policy electronic tuberculosis monitoring systems entirely cover the areas of three countries of the region. The quality of entries and their processing and analysis is assured by a wide training system set up by the CDC/CAR jointly with the leading national tuberculosis facilities of CAR with the support of the Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Control. The information obtained by ETMMS has permitted a detail comparative analysis of the structure of tuberculosis at the level of individual regions to identify characteristic groups of areas in the demographic and sociooccupational characteristics of new tuberculosis cases.

[Medico-technological aspects of the electric stimulation of respiration]. / Mediko-tekhnicheskie aspekty élektricheskoi stimuliatsii dykhaniia.

Clinical results of electric stimulation of respiration in postoperative period by the and respiration electrostimulators are presented in the article. A significant improvement of the function of external respiration and of ventilation of separate lobes of the lungs were observed during the postoperative period after application of these types of stimulators. An experimental research of the influence of different types of pulsed stimulation modulation on the smoothness of inhalation was carried out. A conclusion was drawn about the efficacy of applying in respiratory stimulators of the amplitude/frequency pulse modulation with regulated frequency of impulses that ranged from the "toothed" to the "smoothed" tetanus domain.

[Experience with using anti-TB preparations (rifabutin)]. / Opyt monitoringa ispol'zovaniia protivotuberkuleznykh preparatov (na primere rifabutina).

The study deals with the first experience of practically using a computer program designed to monitor the treatment process with a subsequent analysis of the efficiency of an anti-TB therapy with regard for different characteristics of patients. The efficiency of chemotherapy was compared (by using the clinical, microbiological and laboratory criteria) in two patients' groups, i.e. a control group (standard chemotherapy regimens) and a group, whose patients received rifabutin. Subgroups were isolated from among the last mentioned patients according to the below factors: primary and secondary therapy courses, completed and interrupted chemotherapy courses, and patients with multidrug resistance who discharged M. tuberculosis. Statistically reliable advantages of rifabutin were shown in respect to the arrest of bacterial discharge during a sufficiently prolonged (at leas 4 months) treatment course applicable to primarily diagnosed patients including those with multidrug resistance and M. tuberculosis. Disadvantages related with the application of rifabutin (a lack of clear-cut indications and abuse of treatment terms virtually in 50% of cases), which reduces the efficiency of its prescription, were equally detected.

[Extrapulmonary tuberculosis according to the data of personal registries of new tuberculosis cases].

By using the subject registers of new tuberculosis cases, which are kept in the subjects of the Russian Federation within tuberculosis epidemiological monitoring, the authors analyze notified extrapulmonary tuberculosis morbidity in 21 subjects (17,301 patients over 1995-2006). Despite the stability of the pattern of recorded pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) as a whole, great differences are found in the notification rate of different forms of PT between individual subjects of the Russian Federation, there are wide differences in the proportion and absolute number of PT patients first detected in the coterminous subjects of the Russian Federation with similar natural climatic and socioeconomic conditions. The registered patients with PT are shown to be a heterogeneous group of patients who substantially differ in gender, age, and the forms of disease therefore the use of total parameters to assess the situation, by detecting and diagnosing PL, is not efficient.

[The use of bio-controlled electrostimulation of the respiration in the combined modality treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Primenenie bioupravliaemoi élektrostimuliatsii dykhaniia v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

Electric respiration stimulation (ERS) synchronized with the onset of spontaneous breathing is more effective than induced one. Introduction of the biocontrolled ERS into the treatment and prevention of respiratory complications in the postoperative period improved the effectiveness of surgical treatment of phthisiopulmonologic patients. The biocontrolled ESR is known to provide favourable results in the multimodality treatment of patients with pneumonia, chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma.