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This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep43918.
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African black-footed cats (Felis nigripes) are endangered wild felids. One male and full-sibling female African black-footed cat developed vision deficits and mydriasis as early as 3 months of age. The diagnosis of early-onset progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) was supported by reduced direct and consensual pupillary light reflexes, phenotypic presence of retinal degeneration, and a non-recordable electroretinogram with negligible amplitudes in both eyes. Whole genome sequencing, conducted on two unaffected parents and one affected offspring was compared to a variant database from 51 domestic cats and a Pallas cat, revealed 50 candidate variants that segregated concordantly with the PRA phenotype. Testing in additional affected cats confirmed that cats homozygous for a 2 base pair (bp) deletion within IQ calmodulin-binding motif-containing protein-1 (IQCB1), the gene that encodes for nephrocystin-5 (NPHP5), had vision loss. The variant segregated concordantly in other related individuals within the pedigree supporting the identification of a recessively inherited early-onset feline PRA. Analysis of the black-footed cat studbook suggests additional captive cats are at risk. Genetic testing for IQCB1 and avoidance of matings between carriers should be added to the species survival plan for captive management.
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Atrofia/veterinária , Proteínas de Ligação a Calmodulina/genética , Doenças do Gato/genética , Doenças Retinianas/veterinária , Animais , Atrofia/genética , Atrofia/patologia , Doenças do Gato/patologia , Gatos , Homozigoto , Doenças Retinianas/genética , Doenças Retinianas/patologia , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
Deafness was confirmed in a blue-eyed, 3-year-old, overo paint horse by brainstem auditory evoked potential. Congenital inherited deafness associated with lack of facial pigmentation was suspected. Assessment of hearing should be considered, especially in paint horses, at the time of pre-purchase examination. Brainstem auditory evoked potential assessment is well tolerated and accurate.
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Surdez/veterinária , Potenciais Evocados Auditivos do Tronco Encefálico/fisiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Estimulação Acústica/veterinária , Animais , Surdez/congênito , Surdez/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Cavalos/congênito , Cavalos , Masculino , Pigmentação/fisiologia , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Corneal emergencies can be due to a number of different causes and may be vision threatening if left untreated. In an attempt to stabilize the cornea, it is of benefit to place an Elizabethan collar on the patient to prevent further corneal damage. This article discusses the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of corneal emergencies in dogs and cats.
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Doenças do Gato , Lesões da Córnea/veterinária , Perfuração da Córnea/veterinária , Úlcera da Córnea/veterinária , Doenças do Cão , Corpos Estranhos no Olho/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/etiologia , Doenças do Gato/terapia , Gatos , Córnea/anatomia & histologia , Córnea/fisiologia , Lesões da Córnea/diagnóstico , Lesões da Córnea/etiologia , Lesões da Córnea/terapia , Perfuração da Córnea/diagnóstico , Perfuração da Córnea/etiologia , Perfuração da Córnea/terapia , Úlcera da Córnea/diagnóstico , Úlcera da Córnea/etiologia , Úlcera da Córnea/terapia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Cães , Emergências/veterinária , Corpos Estranhos no Olho/diagnóstico , Corpos Estranhos no Olho/etiologia , Corpos Estranhos no Olho/terapia , Lacerações/diagnóstico , Lacerações/etiologia , Lacerações/terapia , Lacerações/veterináriaRESUMO
Malignant neoplasia in 4 alpacas was characterized by acute onset of clinical signs and rapidly deteriorating condition. Postmortem examination revealed metastatic or multicentric neoplasia in the abdominal organs of alpacas 1, 3, and 4 and an extensive thoracic mass in alpaca 2. Immunohistochemical stains supported a diagnosis of B-cell lymphosarcoma in alpacas 1-3 and a neuroendocrine neoplasm in alpaca 4.
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Camelídeos Americanos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/veterinária , Neoplasias/veterinária , Animais , Linfócitos B/patologia , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Linfoma não Hodgkin/patologia , Masculino , Neoplasias/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To establish reference range values for synovial fluid from clinically normal New World camelids. ANIMALS: 15 llamas and 15 alpacas. PROCEDURE: Llamas and alpacas were anesthetized with an IM injection of a xylazine hydrochloride, butorphanol tartrate, and ketamine hydrochloride combination. Synovial fluid (1 to 2 ml) was obtained by aseptic arthrocentesis from the radiocarpal and tarsocrural joints. Synovial fluid evaluation included determination of total nucleated cell count (NCC), absolute number and percentage of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear leukocytes, total protein, and specific gravity. RESULTS: Synovial fluid evaluation revealed a total NCC of 100 to 1,400 cells/microl (mean +/- SD, 394.8+/-356.2 cells/microl; 95% confidence interval [CI], 295.2 to 494.6 cells/microl). Mononuclear leukocytes were the predominant cell type with lymphocytes, composing 50 to 90% (mean, 75.6+/-172%; 95% CI, 70.8 to 80.4%) of the mononuclear leukocytes. Approximately 0 to 12% (mean, 1.3+/-2.9%; 95% CI, 0.49 to 2.11%) of the cells were PMN leukocytes. Total protein concentrations ranged from 2.0 to 3.8 g/dl (mean, 2.54+/-0.29 g/dl; 95% CI, 2.46 to 2.62 g/dl); the specific gravity ranged between 1.010 and 1.026 (mean, 1.017+/-0.003; 95% CI, 1.016 to 1.018). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In llamas and alpacas, significant differences do not exist between species or between limbs (left vs right) or joints (radiocarpal vs tarsocrural) for synovial fluid values. Total NCC and absolute number and percentage of PMN and mononuclear leukocyte are similar to those of other ruminants and horses. However, synovial fluid total protein concentrations in New World camelids are high, compared with other domestic species.
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Camelídeos Americanos/fisiologia , Articulações/fisiologia , Líquido Sinovial/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Leucócitos Mononucleares/citologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/fisiologia , Masculino , Neutrófilos/citologia , Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Proteínas/análise , Distribuição Aleatória , Valores de Referência , Gravidade Específica , Líquido Sinovial/química , Líquido Sinovial/citologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of experimental infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) on llamas and their fetuses, evaluate seroprevalence of BVDV in llamas and alpacas, and genetically characterize BVDV isolates from llamas. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 4 pregnant llamas for the experimental infection study and 223 llamas and alpacas for the seroprevalence study. PROCEDURE: Llamas (seronegative to BVDV) were experimentally infected with a llama isolate of BVDV via nasal aerosolization. After inoculation, blood samples were collected every other day for 2 weeks; blood samples were obtained from crias at birth and monthly thereafter. For the seroprevalence study, blood was collected from a convenience sample of 223 camelids. Isolates of BVDV were characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS: Viremia and BVDV-specific antibody response were detected in the experimentally infected llamas, but no signs of disease were observed. No virus was detected in the crias or aborted fetus, although antibodies were evident in crias after colostrum consumption. Seroprevalence to BVDV was 0.9% in llamas and alpacas. Sequences of the llama BVDV isolates were comparable to known bovine isolates. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggest that llamas may be infected with BVDV but have few or no clinical signs. Inoculation of llamas during gestation did not result in fetal infection or persistent BVDV infection of crias. Seroprevalence to BVDV in llamas and alpacas is apparently low. The most likely source for BVDV infection in camelids may be cattle.