Intramural pregnancy at 6 and 8 weeks gestation with no predisposing factors: As two uncommon case reports.

Ectopic pregnancies are extremely rare causing severe consequences such as uterine rupture and may lead to death. The clinical symptomatology is very atypical, essentially pelvic pain and metrorrhagia, for this reason, a misdiagnosis can be fatal. Here we report two cases of an intramural pregnancy in a 33-year-old primigravida at 6 weeks gestation after a medically assisted reproduction and a 26-year-old primigravida at 8 weeks gestation with no predisposing factors, making the diagnosis more challenging.

Evaluation of Sperm DNA Fragmentation Using Halosperm Technique after the Freezing-Thawing Process in Men: A Study on the Validation of the SCD Protocol.

Background: DNA fragmentation index (DFI) enhances routine semen analysis by providing valuable insights into male reproductive potential. Utilizing Halosperm test, a sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) assay based on induced condensation. The purpose of this study was to assess sperm DNA damage both before and after freezing. By following the specified kit instructions, an attempt was made to validate the SCD test protocol, with a particular emphasis on the implications of sperm freezing on its DNA integrity. Methods: In total, 380 fresh human semen samples from normozoospermic patients were frozen at -20°C for 10 days, using SCD cryopreservation reagent. Routine semen analysis and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were determined for each sample before freezing and after thawing. Semen morphology and sperm DFI were compared before and after freezing/thawing process. Results: There was a significant decrease in sperm normal morphology after thawing (9.31±2.42% vs. 7.1±1.53%, p<0.05, respectively). The sperm head, midpiece, and tail defect rate increased after freezing at -20°C. Moreover, DFI was significantly higher after thawing compared to before freezing (20.71±1.61% before freezing vs. 29.1±0.21% after thawing with p<0.001). Conclusion: Cryoconservation of semen samples at -20°C for 10 days using SCD cryopreservation reagent seems to damage sperm morphology, resulting in a reduction in sperm DNA integrity. The measurement of DFI on a fresh sample remains the most reliable technique for obtaining accurate results.

Beneficial effects of oral antioxidant supplementation on semen quality parameters, reproductive hormones, and sperm DNA integrity in men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia.

OBJECTIVE: Recently, oral antioxidants in combined forms have been used to treat men with idiopathic infertility. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment with vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, arginine, L-carnitine, and coenzyme Q10 on sperm quality parameters, DNA integrity, reproductive hormones, and pregnancy rates in men with infertility and idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on 420 men with infertility and idiopathic OAT who took an oral supplement of antioxidant SP-Power tablets twice daily for 6 months. Semen quality, reproductive hormones, and the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were evaluated at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after supplementation, using the World Health Organization 2021 guidelines. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in volume or the percentage of typical morphology during treatment. A significant improvement in sperm concentration was observed after supplementation (8.67±1.41, 12.17±1.91, and 19.01±0.86 at baseline, 3, and 6 months respectively, p<0.01). The total motility, progressive motility, and total motile sperm count also increased significantly (p<0.01), whereas the DFI decreased after 6 months. There was an increase in normal FSH levels and testosterone levels after 6 months of supplementation of antioxidant SP-Power but these differences were not statistically significant (p=not significant and p=0.06, respectively). CONCLUSION: Supplementation with SP-Power tablets improved sperm quality parameters, sperm DFI, some reproductive hormones, and pregnancy rates in men with infertility and idiopathic OAT, which could be attributed to the supplement's synergistic antioxidant action. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of supplementation on oxidative stress markers.

The Effects of Varicocelectomy on Sperm DNA Fragmentation and Conventional Semen Parameters in Men with Severe Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia: A Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND: The dilation and torsion of testicular veins in the plexus pampiniformis causes Varicocele, which is a surgically repairable cause of male infertility. This study assessed the impact of varicocelectomy on semen characteristics, total motile sperm count (TMSC) and sperm DNA integrity in patients with severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, semen samples of 360 men with severe OAT who underwent varicocelectomy according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria 2021 were studied (pre-operatively and at 6, 12, and 18 months post-operatively). RESULTS: The average age of our patients was 38.5 years. The mean spermatozoa concentration was found to be 1.60 ± 0.83 million/ml pre-operatively, while the mean post-operative concentration was 5.17 ± 1.23 million/ml at 6 months, 8.32 ± 0.98 million/ml at 12 months, and 13.51 ± 1.48 million/ml at 18 months (P<0.0001). The mean percentage of A+B motile spermatozoa was 2.92 ± 1.17% pre-operatively, 6.10 ± 1.51% at six months, 9.58 ± 1.49% at 12 months and 13.92 ± 1.88% at 18 months postoperatively (P<0.0001). The mean Modified David's morphology score was 3.80 ± 1.43% pre-operatively, 5.95 ± 1.23% at 6 months, 7.94 ± 1.18% at 12 months, and 10.82 ± 1.91% at 18 months post-operatively (P<0.0001). The mean of total motile sperm count (TMSC) was statistically improved after varicocelectomy (P<0.001). The mean of DNA fragmentation index (DFI) of the spermatozoa was 31.40 ± 0.52% pre-operatively, and post-operatively at 28.20 ± 0.32% at 6 months, 25.90 ± 0.31% at 12 months and 20.50 ± 0.40% at 18 months (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Varicocelectomy was associated with significant improvement of sperm parameters and DNA fragmentation resulting in significant improvement of spermatogenesis quality. We believe that universalization in the routinely used sperm dispersion chromatin (SDC) test could be beneficial in the treatment of infertility.

Severe complications of intrauterine device migration: Case reports of rectal perforation and omental localization.

Migration of intrauterine devices (IUD) is uncommon; however, it can lead to increasingly severe complications, ranging from simple pelvic pain to potentially lethal septic shock. Therefore, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches combining endoscopic paraclinical examinations with surgical intervention need further investigation by clinicians to ensure better management. This study presents 2 rare cases where a migrating intrauterine device at the rectal level was removed via hysteroscopic approach and a second one was removed via laparoscopy.

Hormonal, clinical, and genetic profile of infertile patients with azoospermia in Morocco.

Introduction: azoospermia affects more than 10%-15% of infertile male subjects attending the infertility center. In Morocco, there have been no studies on male infertility with azoospermia. Thereby, our objective was to evaluate the clinical, hormonal, and genetic characteristics of infertile men with azoospermia in Morocco. Methods: we conducted a retrospective descriptive study performed with a convenience sample of 80 infertile men from 2021 to 2022, in the Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit of the Mohammed VI University Hospital Center in Oujda-Morocco. All patients with azoospermia were subjected to a quantitative hormone assay to evaluate the functionality of the sertolic and leydigial compartments. Human karyotyping and AZF microdeletion analysis are routinely performed in azoospermic patients. Results: the results show that the mean age of patients in the study was 45.7 ± 3.5 years. Primary infertility accounts for the majority, with a rate of 96% (n=77). There were 12 cases of azoospermia of secretory origin, 22 cases of excretory origin, and 3 of undetermined origin. Azoospermia was associated with hydrocele in 29% (n=27) of cases. The average levels of FSH, LH, testosterone, and inhibin B were 15.54 ± 5.5 mIU/mL, 7.71 ± 2.7 mIU/mL, 405.09 ± 6.13 ng/dl and 38.44 ± 5.13 pg/ml, respectively. The prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities was 30.7%. Of these, the sex chromosome aneuploidy with 47, XXY karyotype (Klinefelter syndrome) accounted for 11% (n=9). The incidence of microdeletions of azoospermia factors (AZF) was 9%, and AZFc deletion was the most common at the rate of 3%. Conclusion: our research shows that hydrocele, varicocele, and chromosomal abnormalities are the leading causes of azoospermia. In the Moroccan population, azoospermia is essentially of excretory origin.