Maternal periodontitis potentiates monosodium glutamate-obesity damage on Wistar offspring's fast-glycolytic muscle.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of magnifying the damage caused by obesity induced by monosodium glutamate, using a model of maternal periodontitis, on the structure of the anterior tibialis muscle of the offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four female Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: control (n = 6), obese (n = 6), control with periodontitis (n = 6) and obese with periodontitis (n = 6). At 78 days of life, the rats were mated with males without any experimental intervention. The offspring of these rats (n = 1/L), at 120 days of life, were weighed and measured, then euthanized. Plasma was collected for analysis of cytokines IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TNF-α. Adipose tissues were collected and weighed, and the anterior tibial muscle was designated for histomorphological analyses (n = 6/group). RESULTS: Monosodium glutamate offspring showed significant muscle changes, such as a reduction in the size of fibres and neuromuscular junctions, and an increase in the nucleus and capillaries. However, all these changes were more expressed in monosodium glutamate-obese with periodontitis offspring. CONCLUSION: This leads us to suggest a magnifying effect promoted by periodontitis to the damage already well described by monosodium glutamate-obesity, determined by low-intensity inflammation, causing greater muscle damage.

Unlocking the Potential: Increasing Muscle Strength in Lower Limbs of Youth Soccer Players over Five Weeks through Mat Pilates Training-A Pilot Study.

The interest in soccer generally starts during childhood, with children and young people often looking for opportunities in sports. New exercise techniques can be effective in improving training. The aim of this study was to compare the effects on the strength and physical posture of a group practicing Pilates with another not practicing Pilates, both undergoing continuous football training. In this controlled randomized clinical trial, the participants were 15 soccer club members, who had a training frequency of least three times weekly. The sample was divided into a control group (n = 7) of players who did not undergo any therapeutic intervention (only the usual training) and a Pilates group (n = 8) of players who participated in the mat Pilates program. The intervention consisted of fifteen sessions. Postural evaluations were performed using biophotogrammetry and force analysis. Significant improvements were obtained in terms of increased muscle strength (p = 0.001) for the Pilates group, but there were no significant postural alterations when comparing the two groups. Five weeks of mat Pilates was sufficient to increase lower limb muscle strength in young football players. This pilot study indicates that Mat Pilates as a method that could be planned to be included in training.

Therapeutic effects of laser on psoriasis plaques: a systematic review.

Given the relevance of laser application, the objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review to verify the therapeutic effects of laser application on psoriasis plaques. The databases used were PubMED, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and in the gray literature: Google Scholar, Open Grey and LIVIVO. A total of 1,227 records were found, after removal of duplicates 851 studies remained for Phase 1 (reading titles and abstracts) and 31 for Phase 2 (reading the full studies) and finally 9 studies remained for this review, 7 randomized and 2 non-randomized. The risk of bias analysis had two studies with moderate risk and seven with high risk. The present study presented evidence that laser application has positive effects such as reduction of psoriasis plaques. However, due to the high risk of bias, there is a need for further studies.

Photobiomodulation therapy on skeletal muscles exposed to diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of animal studies.

Diabetes-related muscle damage has been overlooked despite its known association with increased morbidity and mortality in DM individuals. PBMT is a recognized alternative to improve skeletal muscle health in other populations, but its effectiveness in DM is still unclear. To address this issue, we reviewed preclinical studies, available in any language and period, in ten sources of information. The methods were previously registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021271041), based on PRISMA recommendations. Studies in murine models of T1DM or T2DM that reported quantitative analyses of skeletal muscles treated with low-level light therapy could be included after a blind selection process. Most of the seven included studies focus on decompensated T1DM rats with acute muscle injury (cryoinjury or contusion). In these five studies, PBMT improved muscle regeneration, by reducing inflammation and stimulating factors pro-angiogenesis and pro-myogenesis. Some positive effects could also be observed in two studies on muscles without acute injury: control of oxidative stress (T1DM) and reduction of myosteatosis (T2DM). Although infrared laser applied locally appears to be a promising approach, optimal parameters are undefined due to the heterogeneity of outcomes and high risk of bias, which prevented a quantitative synthesis. Several aspects of this growing field have yet to be investigated, particularly regarding the DM model (e.g., aged animals, T2DM), intervention (e.g., comparison with LED), and outcomes (e.g., muscle mass, strength, and function). Future research should aim to improve the internal validity by following guidelines for animal studies and enhance the translatability to clinical trials by using animal models that closely mimic patients with DM in rehabilitation settings.

Experimental model of periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis potentiates the deleterious effects on functional capacity, leukocyte migration, synovial and periodontal tissues in Wistar rats.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate whether ligature-induced periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) potentiate the deleterious effects on functional capacity, periodontal and synovial tissues, leukocyte migration, and interleukin 17 (IL-17) levels, and to investigate the repercussions of single Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) injection associated with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one male Wistar rats were randomised into six groups: control (CG, n = 8), RA (RAG, n = 9), periodontitis (PG, n = 9), periodontitis and RA (PRAG, n = 9), periodontitis and intradermal injection (PIDG, n = 9), and periodontitis and intra-articular injection (PIAG, n = 7). The animals underwent ligature placement and one or two injections with FCA to induce RA. Motor disability, nociceptive threshold, joint edema, and muscle strength were assessed, and the animals were euthanized on day 30. Synovial fluid, hemimandibles, and knee joints were collected. RESULTS: PRAG showed no reduction of edema or improvement of muscle strength, whereas it showed most significant changes in leukocyte migration, morphological analyses of the synovial membrane (SM), and radiographic and histometric analyses of the jaw. The PIAG showed some alterations, though not permanent. CONCLUSION: Ligature-induced periodontitis and RA induced by two FCA injections accentuated the deleterious effects on functional capacity, leukocyte migration, synovial and periodontal tissues.

An Early and Sustained Inflammatory State Induces Muscle Changes and Establishes Obesogenic Characteristics in Wistar Rats Exposed to the MSG-Induced Obesity Model.

The model of obesity induced by monosodium glutamate cytotoxicity on the hypothalamic nuclei is widely used in the literature. However, MSG promotes persistent muscle changes and there is a significant lack of studies that seek to elucidate the mechanisms by which damage refractory to reversal is established. This study aimed to investigate the early and chronic effects of MSG induction of obesity upon systemic and muscular parameters of Wistar rats. The animals were exposed to MSG subcutaneously (4 mg·g-1 b.w.) or saline (1.25 mg·g-1 b.w.) daily from PND01 to PND05 (n = 24). Afterwards, in PND15, 12 animals were euthanized to determine the plasma and inflammatory profile and to assess muscle damage. In PND142, the remaining animals were euthanized, and samples for histological and biochemical analyses were obtained. Our results suggest that early exposure to MSG reduced growth, increased adiposity, and inducted hyperinsulinemia and a pro-inflammatory scenario. In adulthood, the following were observed: peripheral insulin resistance, increased fibrosis, oxidative distress, and a reduction in muscle mass, oxidative capacity, and neuromuscular junctions, increased fibrosis, and oxidative distress. Thus, we can conclude that the condition found in adult life and the difficulty restoring in the muscle profile is related to the metabolic damage established early on.

The use of LED therapy to treat synovial joints disorders: scoping review.

The aim of this scoping review was to assess the extent of the literature on the use of LED therapy to treat synovial joint disorders. The JBI methodology for scoping reviews was followed. The databases used were PUBMED, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, PEDro, Cochrane Database, Google Scholar and ProQuest. To be included, studies should have used LED as therapy, and include at least one measure related to the structures of any synovial joint. The search strategy included all keywords and indexed terms identified in the articles. Studies in any language and in any year, whether published or not, were included. The analysis of the studies was carried out by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted from articles using a data extraction tool developed by the reviewers. After carrying out the definitive search and selection, 47 publications were included: 15 clinical trials, 8 clinical protocols, 12 animal studies, 4 in vitro studies and 8 reviews on the topic. Studies have shown great variability from the device and number of diodes used, to the parameters and dosimetry chosen. Some positive effects were observed: on cell proliferation (in vitro); on anti-inflammatory biomarkers (murine models) and on pain scale (clinical trials - TMD). Although, the cause of non-significant results in clinical trials was rarely discussed: depth of penetration, dosimetry, follow-up time? Thus, future studies should focus on answering more elementary aspects about the LED effect when used alone in different synovial joints.

Physical Exercise and Low-Level Laser Therapy Systemic Effects on the Ankle Joint in an Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis Model.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the systemic effects of stair climbing exercise, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and the association of both treatments on pelvic member functionality and ankle joint histomorphometric aspects of Wistar rats submitted to experimental rheumatoid arthritis (RA) protocol. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into the following 8 groups: control; control LLLT; control exercise; control LLLT and exercise; arthritis group; arthritis LLLT; arthritis exercise; and arthritis LLLT and exercise, with n = 8 for functional and n = 5 for histomorphometrical tests. The experimental RA was induced by complete Freund adjuvant injection in the knee joint cavity. Functionality was evaluated by proprioception and motor function using Sciatic Functional Index and maximum angle reached at an inclined plane. Histomorphometrical aspects were evaluated in the ankle joint after histological routine. RESULTS: The arthritis LLLT and exercise group had positive effects in Sciatic Functional Index (F [3.96] = 11.3, P < .001) and in inclined plane (F [3.4] = 36.1, P < .001). The arthritis exercise group presented a greater number of chondrocytes in the tibia (Wald [1; 6605.6] = 25.2, P < .001) and talus (Wald [1; 15958.6] = 19.8, P = .006) in relation to the other groups. The arthritis group morphology showed significant degenerative lesions as subintima with angiogenesis, inflammatory cells, flocculated articular cartilage, chondrocytes disorganization and pannus. Even with the higher chondrocytes number, the arthritis exercise group had morphological characteristics more similar to the control group. CONCLUSION: Low-level laser therapy and exercise restored functionality, and exercise restored morphological aspects of tissues in experimentally induced RA in rats.

Alterations in neuromuscular junctions and oxidative stress of the soleus muscle of obese Wistar rats caused by vibratory platform training.

OBJECTIVES: evaluate the effects that whole-body vibration (WBV) causes on the neuromuscular junctions and oxidative stress of the soleus muscle of obese Wistar rats. METHODS: 32 male Wistar rats were used, 16 of which were obesity induced by monosodium glutamate, randomized into four groups: control (GC), control with WBV (GCP), obese (GO) and obese with WBV (GOP). At the 70 days old, the training on WBV was started, performed 3 times a week, during 8 consecutive weeks. At the 130 days old, the animals were euthanized and the soleus muscles were collected. RESULTS: Regarding the analysis of the neuromuscular junctions, the obese groups had lower mean size when compared to the control groups. On the other hand, the WBV presented higher averages when compared to the groups that did not perform the training. Regarding the oxidative stress, for the lipid peroxidation there was a significant difference between obese and non-obese animals, however, there was no difference between the animals WBV and those who did not. CONCLUSION: WBV promotes beneficial changes such as increased measurements of the structures of the neuromuscular junctions, but is not able to promote changes in the concentration of the cholinesterase enzyme in the synaptic cleft.

Physical exercise and low-level laser therapy on the nociception and leukocyte migration of Wistar rats submitted to a model of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis denotes hyperplasia and intense inflammatory process. Treatment involves exercise protocols and use of resources such as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) to modulate the inflammatory process and maintain physical capacity. The objective was to investigate whether treatment with LLLT and exercise modulates the inflammatory process and peripheral functionality. Sample is composed of 128 male rats, separated into three groups, control, treated and untreated, in the acute and chronic period of the disease with 64 animals in each group, divided into 8 subgroups with n = 8. The animals were immunized with injection at the base of the tail and 7 days after intra-articular injection with complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) for lesion groups, and saline solution for the controls. Joint disability was evaluated by PET (paw elevation time) and joint edema and treated with LLLT and/or resisted stair climbing exercise. Normality Shapiro-Wilk test, ANOVA mixed for the functional analyses, and ANOVA one-way for the variables of cellular differentiation, with Bonferroni post hoc, p = 5% were used. For the evaluations of joint disability and nociception, there was a significant difference between the evaluations, the groups, and the interaction groups-evaluations. The treated groups showed recovery of functionality; it is still verified that laser therapy increased the nociceptive threshold of the chronic inflammatory period, and the exercise reflected in significant functional improvement and modulation of the inflammatory process both in the acute and chronic periods. LLLT, resistance exercise, or a combination of treatments had a positive effect on the modulation of the inflammatory process, reducing the migration of leukocytes, in addition to helping the return of peripheral functionality by reducing joint disability in a model of rheumatoid arthritis induced by CFA in rats.

Low-Level Laser Therapy in Different Wavelengths on the Tibialis Anterior Muscle of Wistar Rats After Nerve Compression Injury.

OBJECTIVE: Traumatic injuries are common and may promote disruption of neuromuscular communication, triggering phenomena that lead to nerve degeneration and affect muscle function. A laser accelerates tissue recovery; however, the parameters used are varied, making it difficult to compare studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy, at 660- and 830-nm wavelengths, on the tibialis anterior muscle of Wistar rats after sciatic nerve compression. METHODS: Twenty animals were separated into 4 groups: control, sciatic nerve injury, lesion + 660-nm laser, and lesion + 830-nm laser. In the lesion groups, the right sciatic nerve was surgically exposed and compressed with hemostatic forceps for 30 seconds. After the third postoperative day, the groups with laser therapy were submitted to treatment for 2 weeks totaling 10 applications, performed directly on the surgical scar of the nerve injury. Grip strength was analyzed before and after the nerve injury and during the treatment period. The tibialis anterior muscle was processed for light microscopy, area measurement, smaller diameter, number of fibers, nuclei, and connective tissue. RESULTS: The animals submitted to the injury experienced muscular atrophy and morphological changes in the number of muscle fibers and nuclei. In the connective tissue morphometry, there was a decrease in the treated groups compared with the untreated groups. CONCLUSION: The laser treatment at different wavelengths showed no improvement in the tibialis anterior muscle of Wistar rats within the morphological and functional aspects evaluated.

Morphometric Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on the Bone in a Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the morphometric effects of mechanical vibration with a duration of 4 or 8 weeks on the femur of oophorectomized Wistar rats. METHODS: Sixty-four female rats were submitted to oophorectomy or a sham operation, and each of those 2 groups were randomized into 4 groups: untreated and euthanized at week 12, untreated and euthanized at week 16, treated for 4 weeks and euthanized at week 12, and treated for 8 weeks and euthanized at week 16. The vibration treatment was performed for 10 min/d, with a frequency of 60 Hz, 3 d/wk. The rats were then euthanized and the right femur dissected. Subsequently, histomorphometric analysis was performed on the proximal epiphysis and diaphysis of the spongy and cortical bone, respectively. RESULTS: As expected, the oophorectomy groups presented reduction of spongy and cortical bone tissue. Further, the vibration therapy of 4 and 8 weeks' duration in the oophorectomized groups led to increased bone mass, observed as an increased percentage of spongy tissue, and increased thickness and percentage of cortical tissue. However, the variables of femoral neck diameter, mean area of the shaft, and number of osteocytes were not altered by oophorectomy and vibration. CONCLUSION: The mechanical vibration was effective in increasing the bone mass of the femur of oophorectomized Wistar rats, observed by increasing the percentage of spongy bone and increasing the percentage and thickness of cortical bone.

Biomechanical repercussion of sitting posture on lumbar intervertebral discs: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The static sitting position contributes to increased pressure on the lumbar intervertebral disc, which can lead to dehydration and decreased disc height. OBJECTIVE: To systematically investigate the of sitting posture on degeneration of the lumbar intervertebral disc. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One researcher carried out a systematic literature search of articles with no language or time limits. Studies from 2006 to 2018 were found. The searches in all databases were carried out on January 28, 2022, using the following databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases, and for the grey literature: Google scholar, CAPES Thesis and Dissertation Bank, and Open Grey. The acronym PECOS was used to formulate the question focus of this study: P (population) - male and female subjects; E (exposure) - sitting posture; C (comparison) - other posture or sitting posture in different periods; O (outcomes) - height and degeneration of the lumbar intervertebral disc(s), imaging exam; and S (study) - cross-sectional and case control. RESULTS: The risk of bias was in its moderate totality in its outcome: height and degeneration of the lumbar intervertebral disc(s) - imaging. Of the four selected studies, three found a decrease in the height of the disc(s) in sitting posture. CONCLUSION: The individual data from the manuscripts suggest that the sitting posture causes a reduction in the height of the lumbar intervertebral disc. It was also concluded that there is a need for new primary studies with a more in-depth design and sample size.

Photobiomodulation in Burn Wounds: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Preclinical Studies.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis main goal was to evaluate the efficacy of photobiomodulation as burn wounds treatment. Methods: Systematic review of literature available in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), and The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and gray literature in Google Scholar, Livivi, and Open Gray. SYRCLE's RoB tool was applied to determine methodological quality and risk of bias, and meta-analysis was performed using the software Review Manager. Results: Fifty-one studies, gathering more than three thousand animals were included in this systematic review, and four studies were selected to the meta-analysis due to their suitability. The results indicated that photobiomodulation was not effective to improve, statistical significantly, wound retraction (SMD = -0.22; 95% CI = -4.19, 3.75; p = 0.91; I2 = 92%) or collagen deposition (SMD = -0.02; 95% CI = -2.17, 2.13; p = 0.99; I2 = 78%). Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that photobiomodulation, applied in burn wounds, accordingly to the protocols presented by the selected studies, was not effective over analyzed outcomes. However, this conclusion could be further discussed and verified in more homogeneous animal models and human clinical trials.

Effect of whole-body vibration frequency on objective physical function outcomes in healthy young adults: Randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: Whole-body vibration (WBV) is used to improve muscle function but is important to know if doses can affect the objective function outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of two frequencies of WBV on objective physical function outcomes in healthy young adults. METHODS: Forty-two volunteers were randomized into three groups: sham group (SG), and WBV groups with 30 (F30) and 45 Hz (F45). A 6-week WBV intervention protocol was applied by a vibrating platform twice a week, with the platform turn-off for SG and with two frequencies according to group, 30 or 45 Hz. The objective physical functions outcomes assessed were the proprioceptive accuracy, measured by proprioceptive tests, and quasi-static and dynamic balances, measured by Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and Y Balance Test, respectively. The outcomes were assessed before and after the WBV intervention. We used in the results comparisons, by GzLM test, the deltas percentage. RESULTS: After the intervention, no statistical differences were observed in percentage deltas for any outcomes (proprioceptive accuracy, quasi-static and dynamic balances). CONCLUSION: Objective physical function outcomes, after the 6-week WBV protocol, did not present statistically significant results in any of the intervention groups (F30 or F45) and SG.

Remobilization with whole-body vibration improves functionality, histomorphometric parameters, and AQP1 expression in the soleus muscle of Wistar rats.

Background: Whole-body vibration (WBV) is used to enhance physical performance in sports and rehabilitation. The present study analyzed the effects of remobilization with WBV on the soleus muscle of Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-eight animals were separated into four experimental groups (n = 7): CON (control); IM (immobilized); FR (immobilization and free remobilization); and WBV (immobilization and remobilization with WBV). The immobilization of the pelvic limb was carried out according to the standard protocol using a plaster cast for 15 days. For remobilization with WBV, a Frequency of 60 Hz was applied for 10 min, five days a week, for two weeks. After the remobilization period, the animals were euthanized, and the right soleus muscle was dissected followed by processing for histomorphometric analysis and immunolocalization of Aquaporin 1 (AQP1). Results: We observed a reduced larger diameter in IM compared to CON, with restored values in WBV. For the estimation of connective tissue, a significant increase was observed in the immobilized groups, while a reduction was noted in the remobilized groups. AQP1 expression decreased significantly in IM and increased in WBV. Conclusion: Immobilization caused morphofunctional damage to the soleus muscle, and remobilization with WBV is efficient and offers advantages over free remobilization.

Nociceptive and histomorphometric evaluation of neural mobilization in experimental injury of the median nerve.

The carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral neuropathy in the upper limb, but its treatment with conservative therapies such as neural mobilization (NM) is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the NM as treatment in a model of median nerve compression. 18 Wistar rats were subjected to compression of the median nerve in the right elbow proximal region. Were randomly divided into G1 (untreated), G2 (NM for 1 minute), and G3 (NM for 3 minutes). For treatment, the animals were anesthetized and the right forelimb received mobilization adapted to humans, on alternated days, from the 3rd to the 13th day postoperatively (PO), totaling six days of therapy. Nociception was assessed by withdrawal threshold, and after euthanasia histomorphometric analysis of the median nerve was performed. The nociceptive evaluation showed in G2 and G3 delay in return to baseline. Histomorphometric analysis showed no significant differences in the variables analyzed. It is concluded that the NM was not effective in reducing nociceptive sensation and did not alter the course of nerve regeneration.

Cryotherapy in Knee Arthroplasty: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Total knee arthroplasty is performed to relieve knee pain and disability related to end-stage osteoarthritis. Cryotherapy is used as an analgesic method, reducing the intraarticular temperature. The objective of this study was to review the literature on the efficacy of cryotherapy in knee arthroplasty. A total of 700 articles were found in databases according to the search criteria for each database and the included descriptors (EndNote Web). After exclusion of duplicate articles, automatically and manually, Phase 1 was performed-reading of titles and abstracts of 375 articles according to the eligibility criteria by two blinded reviewers using the Rayyan QCRI (Qatar Computing Research Institute) program, conflicts were resolved in consensus between the 2 reviewers. Thus, 21 articles were selected for Phase 2-reading in full, leaving 5 articles for this review. The Cochrane instrument Rob 2 was used to assess the quality of bias of the selected studies, and RevMan 5.4.1 was used for meta-analysis. The age of study participants ranged from 51 to 74 years. The sample size ranged from 37 to 389 subjects, with a total of 648 subjects. The risk of bias was almost entirely high and moderate for all endpoints: pain, range of motion (ROM), and function. There was a decrease in pain level and as secondary endpoints ROM and functionality, there were divergences between studies. It can be concluded that although cryotherapy is indicated to reduce pain in the postoperative period of knee arthroplasty, studies have many methodological biases and the meta-analysis performed could not confirm the effects; therefore, more primary studies are needed to better understand the effects.

Articular mobilization promotes improvement in functional and inflammatory parameters in a gouty arthritis model.

OBJECTIVE: Gouty arthritis is characterized by painful inflammation due to the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joint tissues. Despite available treatments, many patients experience ineffective management and adverse effects. This study evaluated a manual therapy protocol involving passive joint mobilization at the peak of inflammation in a gouty arthritis model using functional and inflammatory parameters. METHODS: Twenty male Wistar rats, 12 weeks old, were divided into two groups (n=10 each): Gouty Arthritis and Control Groups, which were further subdivided into treated and untreated groups (n=5 each). The Gouty Arthritis Group received intraarticular knee injection of 50µL of monosodium urate crystals, while the Control Group received 50µL of phosphate buffered saline. The treatment involved a 9-minutes session of grade III joint mobilization (according to Maitland). Nociception, grip strength, and edema were evaluated before induction (EV0), 7 hours after assessment (EV1), immediately after treatment (EV2), and 1 hour after treatment (EV3). The animals were euthanized, and synovial fluid was collected to analyze leukocyte migration. RESULTS: The model mimicked the signs of the Gouty Arthritis Group, with a decrease in the threshold of nociception and strength and an increase in edema and leukocyte count. The mobilization protocol significantly increased the nociceptive threshold and grip strength and reduced edema; however, it did not reverse the increase in leukocyte count. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that mobilization promotes analgesia and may modulate the inflammatory process owing to reduced edema and subtle attenuation of cell migration, which contributes to strength gain.