Modified frenectomy: a review of 3 cases with concerns for esthetics.

The maxillary labial frenum is a normal anatomical structure in the oral cavity. An abnormal labial frenum causes localized gingival recession and midline diastema, both of which can interfere with oral hygiene procedures, and eventually affect esthetics. When the frenum maintains its high papillary attachment, frenectomy is the treatment of choice. Though this technique has undergone many modifications, the zone of attachment and esthetics in the anterior maxillary region have been neglected. This article highlights a new frenectomy technique that results in good esthetics, excellent color match, gain in attached gingiva, and healing by primary intention at the site of thick, extensive abnormal frena.

Greater Omental Pancake Tumour due to Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer - A Cadaveric Study.

Cancer of ovary is the one of the common of all gynecological tumors and is the leading cause of death among women. A unique attempt is made to trace masses & its causes found in an abdomen of female cadaver during routine anatomy dissection. The mass was thick, hard and somewhat nodular in the region of greater omentum, After dissecting the pelvic cavity, it was found that both the ovaries were bulky, nodular & hard. Whole abdominal cavity was dissected & found that liver also involved by metastasis. Case suggests that there is the development of metastatic omental mass from grade IV ovarian cancer. Primary human omental adipocytes promote homing, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Adipokines like interleukin-8 (IL-8) mediate these activities.

A morphological survey of root grooves and their influence on periodontal attachment loss.

UNLABELLED: Periodontal health reflects a balance between harmful and protective elements in the gingival marginal area. The total plaque mass, specific periodontopathogens, the tooth morphology, and local environmental factors may challenge this balance. The periodontal ligament attachment loss shifts this balance adversely toward the periodontal disease. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the significance of proximal root grooves as a risk factor in the periodontal attachment loss; the effect of their dimensions and locations has been evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred (100) extracted formalin stored single rooted permanent anterior teeth were studied by staining with 0.1% toludine blue to visualize attached periodontal ligament remnants. On each tooth, the loss of attachment was measured from the cemento-enamel junction to the most coronal level of the stained periodontal ligament remnants. RESULTS: The prevalence of proximal root grooves was found to be 81% and a statistically significant greater loss of attachment was present on grooved than on non-grooved surfaces (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Generally, there was direct relationship between groove location, its dimensions, and maximum loss of attachment. The results suggest that proximal root grooves should be considered in periodontal diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning.