Sensitivity of breeding values for carcass traits of meat-type quail to changes in dietary (methionine + cystine):lysine ratio using reaction norm models.

Our objective was to evaluate changes in breeding values for carcass traits of two meat-type quail (Coturnix coturnix) strains (LF1 and LF2) to changes in the dietary (methionine + cystine):lysine ([Met + Cys]:Lys) ratio due to genotype by environment (G × E) interaction via reaction norm. A total of 7000 records of carcass weight and yield were used for analyses. During the initial phase (from hatching to day 21), five diets with increasing (Met + Cys):Lys ratios (0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76 and 0.81), containing 26.1% crude protein and 2900 kcal ME/kg, were evaluated. Analyses were performed using random regression models that included linear functions of sex (fixed effect) and breeding value (random effect) for carcass weight and yield, without and with heterogeneous residual variance adjustment. Both fixed and random effects were modelled using Legendre polynomials of second order. Genetic variance and heritability estimates were affected by both (Met + Cys):Lys ratio and strain. We observed that a G × E interaction was present, with changes in the breeding value ranking. Therefore, genetic evaluation for carcass traits should be performed under the same (Met + Cys):Lys ratio in which quails are raised.

Egg laying and egg quality in meat type quails in diallel crosses.

This study aimed to assess egg laying and egg quality in quail lines in diallel crosses. We evaluated 16 genetic groups obtained from crosses of four strains of meat quails (L1, L2, L3, and L4) in a complete diallel. We assessed weekly egg number (WEN), egg yield (EY), egg weight (EW), and Haugh unit (HU) for: 51-80, 81-110, 111-140, and 51-140 days (whole period) old. The general combining capacity (GCC) showed significance for WEN and EY, with the exception of the period of 111-140 days. In general, L3 had the highest positive GCC estimates. The additive genetic variability was significant for EW in all periods, as was HU, with the exception of the first period. The specific combining capacity was significant for HU, except in the second period. The largest estimates for GCC were submitted by L1 for EW, followed by L4, considering the whole period. For HU, L2 had the highest estimates for GCC. The more favorable cross for HU was L2xL3, in the whole period. In the third period, there was a significant reciprocal effect, where there was a positive estimate for the cross L2xL3.

Evaluation of alternative schemes for recording body weights in meat-type quails by using random regression.

Data from 8759 meat-type quails from the UFV1 strain and 9128 from the UFV2 strain were used to assess the possibility of reducing the number of body weight records in genetic evaluations. The evaluated animals were weighed weekly since hatching to the 6th week of life, with up to 7 records of body weight for each bird. The data were evaluated by random regression models, with 9 alternative schemes of data recording, which included 4 records for each scheme and their covariance functions for additive and permanent environmental effects of order 3, fitting 4 intervals for residual variance, and a complete scheme, with 7 records, order of fit 6 for additive and permanent environmental effects and 7 intervals for residual variance. Estimates of heritability for body weight at the 6th week varied from 0.45 to 0.53 for the UFV1 strain and from 0.28 to 0.54 for UFV2 strain. The schemes that had more records in points at the final extreme of the age range showed better estimates, which was likely due to certain properties of polynomial regression that led to biased results in the final extreme of the age range when data are unbalanced. The reduction of the number of body weight records taken during the growth phase is feasible, with little change to breeding value estimates, when 4 body weight records are used in random regression models.

Genetic evaluation and selection response for growth in meat-type quail through random regression models using B-spline functions and Legendre polynomials.

The objective was to estimate (co)variance functions using random regression models (RRM) with Legendre polynomials, B-spline function and multi-trait models aimed at evaluating genetic parameters of growth traits in meat-type quail. A database containing the complete pedigree information of 7000 meat-type quail was utilized. The models included the fixed effects of contemporary group and generation. Direct additive genetic and permanent environmental effects, considered as random, were modeled using B-spline functions considering quadratic and cubic polynomials for each individual segment, and Legendre polynomials for age. Residual variances were grouped in four age classes. Direct additive genetic and permanent environmental effects were modeled using 2 to 4 segments and were modeled by Legendre polynomial with orders of fit ranging from 2 to 4. The model with quadratic B-spline adjustment, using four segments for direct additive genetic and permanent environmental effects, was the most appropriate and parsimonious to describe the covariance structure of the data. The RRM using Legendre polynomials presented an underestimation of the residual variance. Lesser heritability estimates were observed for multi-trait models in comparison with RRM for the evaluated ages. In general, the genetic correlations between measures of BW from hatching to 35 days of age decreased as the range between the evaluated ages increased. Genetic trend for BW was positive and significant along the selection generations. The genetic response to selection for BW in the evaluated ages presented greater values for RRM compared with multi-trait models. In summary, RRM using B-spline functions with four residual variance classes and segments were the best fit for genetic evaluation of growth traits in meat-type quail. In conclusion, RRM should be considered in genetic evaluation of breeding programs.

Protease em dietas com baixa proteína contendo farinha de Penas para codornas de corte / [Protease in low-protein diets for meat-type quails containing feather meal]

Objetivou-se avaliar a suplementação de protease em dietas com baixa proteína contendo farinha de penas (FP) sobre o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça de codornas de corte. Foram utilizadas 240 codornas, machos, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x 3 (com e sem protease x 3 níveis de FP (0%, 5% e 10%)), totalizando seis tratamentos (dieta reduzida (DR) em 8% da exigência de proteína bruta e aminoácidos + 0% FP; DR + 5% FP; DR + 10% FP; DR + 0% FP + protease; DR + 5% FP + protease e DR + 10% FP + protease), quatro repetições de 10 codornas por parcela, nas fases de oito-21 dias e oito-35 dias de idade. Observou-se interação (P≤0,05) entre os níveis de FP e protease no ganho de peso de oito-21 dias. Os níveis de FP influenciaram (P≤0,05) o consumo de ração e o ganho de peso de oito-21 e oito-35 e a conversão alimentar de oito-21 dias. Verificou-se interação (P≤0,05) entre aprotease e a inclusão de FPpara o peso corporalaos 35 dias. Conclui-se que aFP pode ser utilizada em até 5% em dietas para codornas de corte semsuplementação comprotease.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate protease supplementation in low-protein diets containing feather meal (FP) on the performance and carcass yield of meat-type quails. Twenty male quails were used in a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (with and without protease x 3 FP levels (0, 5 and 10%)), totaling six treatments (Reduced diet (RD) in 8 % of the requirement of crude protein and amino acids + 0% FP; RD + 5% FP; RD + 10% FP; RD + 0% FP + protease; RD + 5% FP + protease and RD + 10% FP + protease), four replicates of 10 quails per plot, in the phases of 8-21 days and 8-35 days of age. Interaction (P≤0.05) was observed between FP and protease levels on weight gain over the period of 8-21 days. The levels of FP influenced (P≤0.05) the feed intake and the weight gain of 8-21 and 8-35 and the feed conversion ratio of 8-21 days. There was interaction (P≤0.05) between protease supplementation and FP inclusion for body weight at 35 days. It is concluded that FP can be used up to 5% in diets for meat-type quails without protease supplementation.(AU)

Variabilidade genética de 12 loci de microssatélites em galinhas crioulas Canela-Preta / Genetic variability of twelve microsatellite loci in native Canela-Preta chickens

Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de se conhecer a variabilidade genética de 12 loci de microssatélites em galinhas crioulas Canela-Preta. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 118 galinhas crioulas Canela-Preta, provenientes de três municípios do estado do Piauí (Oeiras, Queimada Nova e Teresina). Após extração do DNA, foram utilizados marcadores para 12 loci de microssatélites: LEI0192, LEI0209, LEI0212, LEI0217, LEI0221, LEI0234, LEI0237, LEI0248, LEI0258, MCW0081, MCW0183 e MCW0213, que foram amplificados pela técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Foram obtidos 408 alelos (somando os alelos dos 12 loci), com os fragmentos variando entre 50 e 460 pares de bases. O número de alelos variou de 15 (MCW0081) a 52 (LEI0212), com média de 31,5 alelos por locus. A média de heterozigosidade esperada e o conteúdo de informações polimórficas foram, respectivamente, 0,887 e 0,909. Foram observados desvios no equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg e valores positivos do índice de fixação com excesso de homozigotos. Os microssatélites utilizados mostraram-se polimórficos e podem ser usados para investigações genéticas em galinhas Canela-Preta. As galinhas dos plantéis avaliados apresentam grande variabilidade gênica, o que as qualifica como importante fonte de recursos genéticos e, consequentemente, faculta a utilização delas em programas de melhoramento genético animal.(AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic variability of twelve microsatellite loci in native Canela-Preta chickens. Blood samples were collected from 118 chickens of the breed from five properties in three cities (Oeiras, Queimada Nova and Teresina) of Piauí state. After the DNA extraction, markers were used for twelve microsatellite loci: LEI0192, LEI0209, LEI0212, LEI0217, LEI0221, LEI0234, LEI0237, LEI0248, LEI0258, MCW0081, MCW0183, and MCW0213 that were amplified by polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). The results showed a total of 408 alleles (adding alleles from the 12 loci) with the fragments ranging between 50 and 460 base pairs, the number of alleles ranged from 15 (MCW0081) to 52 (LEI0212) with an average of 31,5 alleles per locus. The average expected heterozygosity and PIC were, respectively, 0.887 and 0.909. Deviations were observed in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and positive values of the fixation index with excess of homozygotes. It is concluded that the used microsatellites are polymorphic and can, therefore, be used for genetic research in Canela-Preta chickens. The birds of the analyzed cores present great genetic variability, which qualifies them as an important source of genetic resources, which could be used for future animal breeding programs.(AU)

Estimação de valores genéticos para codornas europeias em função dos níveis da relação treonina: lisina da dieta: do nascimento aos 21 dias de idade / Estimation of breeding values for European quails in function of threonine: lysine ratios of diet: from birth to 21 days of age

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a sensibilidade dos valores genéticos dos pesos corporais e as características de carcaças de codornas europeias às mudanças do gradiente ambiental (níveis da relação treonina com a lisina das dietas), do nascimento aos 21 dias de idade, por meio de modelos de regressão aleatória com diferentes classes de variância residual. Os dados utilizados neste estudo são provenientes de 915 codornas de corte da linhagem LF1 e 839 da linhagem LF2, pertencentes ao Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Foram avaliados os pesos corporais e os rendimentos da carcaça das aves. As sensibilidades dos valores genéticos às mudanças nos níveis da relação treonina:lisina (interação genótipo x ambiente) foram obtidas por modelos de regressão aleatória (utilizando normas de reação) por meio do programa Wombat, que utiliza o princípio da máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML). O modelo de regressão aleatória que considerou duas classes de variância residual foi o mais indicado para a maioria das análises realizadas. Verificaram-se alterações na classificação dos valores genéticos para as duas linhagens de codornas de corte estudadas. Esse comportamento indica sensibilidade de valores genéticos aditivos às mudanças nutricionais, o que caracteriza a existência de interação genótipo x ambiente. A predição dos valores genéticos deve ser feita com o mesmo nível da relação treonina:lisina da dieta com a qual as codornas serão alimentadas no sistema de produção.(AU)

This research was carried out to evaluate the sensitivity of breeding values of body weight and carcass traits in two lines of European quails (LF1 and LF2) to changes in the environment gradient (levels of threonine: lysine ratio of diets) from hatch to 21 days of age in two lines LF1 and LF2 using Random Regression Models with different classes of residual variance. Records are from 915 quails of line LF1 and 839 of line LF2 belonging to the Breeding Improvement Program of Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Live body weight and weights and yields of carcass, breast, and thigh and drumstick were measured. The sensitivities of breeding values to changes in threonine: lysine ratios (genotype x environment interaction) of diets were obtained by random regression models (reaction model) using the WOMBAT program using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood principle. Model considering two classes of residual variance showed the best goodness of fit. The Reaction Norms analyses indicated changes in the ranking of breeding values for both lines suggesting quails selected in one level of threonine: lysine ratio will not express all their genetic potential if fed different threonine: lysine ratio diets. This behavior indicates sensitivity of breeding values to changes in the nutrition characterizing the genotype by environment interaction. The prediction of breeding values must be performed using the same level of threonine: lysine ratio in diet the quails will be fed in the production system.(AU)

Divergência genética entre genótipos de frangos tipo caipira / Genetic divergence between genotypes of alternative strain of broiler chickens

Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar a divergência genética entre sete genótipos de frangos tipo caipira da linhagem Redbro utilizando as características de desempenho por meio de técnicas de análise multivariada. Foram utilizados 840 pintos de um dia, machos, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, dos seguintes genótipos: Caboclo, Carijó, Colorpak, Gigante Negro, Pesadão Vermelho, Pescoço Pelado e Tricolor. Após a consistência dos dados, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: ganho em peso médio diário, consumo de ração médio diário e conversão alimentar, para os períodos: 1 a 28, 1 a 56, 1 a 70 e 1 a 84 dias de idade; peso corporal ao nascimento, aos 28, 56, 70 e aos 84 dias de idade. O desempenho dos genótipos foi avaliado por meio da análise de variância multivariada e da função discriminante linear de Fisher, usando os testes do maior autovalor de Roy e da união-interseção de Roy para as comparações múltiplas. O estudo da divergência genética foi feito por meio da análise por variáveis canônicas e pelo método de otimização de Tocher. Os genótipos Caboclo e Gigante Negro apresentaram médias canônicas diferentes dos demais genótipos. As duas primeiras variáveis canônicas explicaram 97,41% da variação entre os genótipos. A divergência genética entre os genótipos avaliados permitiu a formação de quatro grupos com os seguintes genótipos: grupo 1 - Colorpak; grupo 2 - Pesadão Vermelho e Pescoço Pelado; grupo 3 - Carijó e Tricolor; e grupo 4 - Caboclo e Gigante Negro.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence among seven genotypes of alternative strain of broiler chickens of the Redbro strain using the performance characteristics using multivariate analysis. We used 840 day old male chicks, distributed in a completely randomized design, with the following genotypes: Caboclo, Carijó, Colorpak, Gigante Negro, Pesadão Vermelho, Pescoço Pelado and Tricolor. After the consistency of the data, the following variables were analyzed: average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion for the periods: 1 to 28, 1 to 56, 1 to 70 and 1 to 84 days of age, body weight at birth, at 28, 56, 70 and at 84 days old. The performance of genotypes was assessed by multivariate analysis of variance and Fisher's linear discriminant function, using the tests of the largest eigenvalue of Roy and the Roy union-intersection for multiple comparisons. The study of genetic diversity was done by canonical variate analysis and the method of Tocher. The genotypes Caboclo and Gigante Negro had different canonical averages from the other genotypes. The first two canonical variables accounted for 97.41% of the variation among genotypes. The genetic divergence between the genotypes allowed the formation of four groups with the following genotypes: group 1 - Colorpak, group 2 - Pesadão Vermelho and Pescoço Pelado; group 3 - Carijó and Tricolor, and group 4 - Caboclo and Gigante Negro.

Desempenho de codornas de corte em cruzamentos dialélicos / Performance of meat type quails in diallel cross

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desempenho de quatro linhagens (L1, L2, L3 e L4) de codornas de corte em cruzamentos dialélicos. O presente estudo foi realizado nas instalações do Programa de Melhoramento de Codornas do Departamento de Zootecnia da UFVJM, no período de 16 de dezembro de 2011 a 26 de janeiro de 2012. Foram avaliados o peso corporal médio ao nascimento, aos 35 e aos 42 dias de idade; o consumo médio de dieta e a conversão alimentar do nascimento aos 35 dias e do nascimento aos 42 dias de idade. As análises dialélicas foram desenvolvidas de forma univariada, considerando-se a metodologia de dialelos completos, a partir das médias das combinações genotípicas resultantes de um experimento inteiramente ao acaso com três repetições. A capacidade geral de combinação foi significativa para todas as características avaliadas, com exceção do consumo médio de dieta e da conversão alimentar do nascimento aos 35 dias de idade. Houve efeito significativo da capacidade específica de combinação sobre o peso corporal ao nascimento (L2xL3; L2xL4; L1xL4); conversão alimentar do nascimento aos 35 dias (L1xL3; L2xL4) e do nascimento aos 42 dias (L1xL3; L2xL3; L2xL4); consumo médio de dieta do nascimento aos 35 dias de idade (L1xL3; L2xL3), o que permitiu a identificação de combinações híbridas mais favoráveis. O efeito recíproco foi significativo apenas sobre o peso ao nascimento. Com base na capacidade geral de combinação, as linhagens mais favoráveis para peso corporal foram a L1 e a L2. Para a conversão alimentar, pela capacidade específica de combinação, os cruzamentos L1xL3 e L2xL4 apresentaram o melhor resultado, enquanto para o consumo de dieta do nascimento aos 35 dias de idade, os cruzamentos L1xL3 e L2xL3 são os mais indicados.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of four strains of meat type quails, designated L1, L2, L3 and L4 in diallel crosses. This study was carried out at the premises of the Genetic Improvement Program for Quails of UFVJM, from December 2011 to May 2012. The average body weight at hatch, at 35 and at 42 days old, the average daily feed intake at 35 and at 42 days old, and feed conversion at 35 and 42 days old were evaluated. Diallel analyzes were developed using univariate analyses, considering the methodology of complete diallel, from the average of the genotype combinations resulting in a complete randomized design with three replications. The combining ability analysis revealed significance for general combining ability for all traits, except for average feed intake and feed conversion at 35 days old. There was significant effect of specific combining ability for hatch weight (L2xL3; L2xL4; L1xL4); feed conversion from hatch to 35 days of age (L1xL3; L2xL4), and from hatch to 42 days (L1xL3; L2xL3; L2xL4); and average feed intake from hatch to 35 days of age (L1xL3; L2xL3), thus allowing the identification of more favorable hybrid combinations. The reciprocal effect showed significance only for hatch weight. Based on general combining ability, the strains which are more favorable for increased body weight were L1 and L2. For feed conversion, for the specific combining ability, the crosses L1xL3 and L2xL4 showed the best results, while for feed intake from hatch to 35 days old, the crosses L1xL3 and L2xL3 would be the most suitable.

Crescimento de codornas de diferentes grupos genéticos por meio de modelos não lineares / Growth comparison of different genetic groups using nonlinear models

Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho ajustar modelos não lineares para descrever o padrão de crescimento de genótipos de codornas de corte e de postura do nascimento aos 35 dias de idade. Foram utilizados dados de 1280 codornas machos e fêmeas, provenientes de sete genótipos de codornas de corte (EV1, EV2, UFV1, UFV2, UFV3, LF1, LF2) e um de postura. Todas as codornas foram pesadas a cada sete dias, do nascimento aos 35 dias de idade. Foram ajustados os modelos Brody, Gompertz, Logístico, Richards e von Bertalanffy aos dados de peso corporal de todos os genótipos. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se o PROC NLIN do SAS (Statistical Analysis System, versão 9.0). Os critérios empregados para a escolha do melhor modelo para descrever a curva de crescimento foram o coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R2), o desvio padrão assintótico (DPA), o desvio médio absoluto dos resíduos (DMA), o índice assintótico (IA), o critério de informação bayesiano (BIC), o critério de Akaike (AIC) e o quadrado médio do erro (QME). Todos os modelos não lineares testados convergiram, com exceção do modelo Brody, que não convergiu para nenhum genótipo avaliado. O modelo Richards não convergiu para o genótipo postura. Os parâmetros da curva de crescimento estimados pelos modelos indicaram maior precocidade, em geral, do genótipo postura comparado aos demais genótipos. O modelo Richards apresentou superestimação do ponto de inflexão para todos os genótipos, exceto para o genótipo postura. Os modelos Gompertz, Logístico e von Bertalanffy são recomendados para descrever o crescimento de codornas de corte dos grupos genéticos em estudo. O modelo Brody não convergiu, por isso não é recomendado para descrever o crescimento dos grupos genéticos de codornas em estudo.

This work aimed to adjust nonlinear models to describe the growth pattern of meat type and posture quail genotypes from hatch to 35 days of age. A total of 1280 male and female quails from EV1, EV2, UFV1, UFV2, UFV3, LF1 and LF2 and Posture genotypes were weighed every seven days, from hatch to 35 days of age. Brody, Gompertz, Logistic, von Bertalanffy and Richards models were used to fit the growth of the genetic groups. Statistical analyses were performed using PROC NLIN of SAS (Statistical Analysis System, version 9.0). The criteria used to select the model showing the best goodness of fit to the growth of the genotypes were: Adjusted Coefficient of Determination (R2), Asymptotic Standard Deviation (DPA), Absolut Mean Deviation (DMA), Asymptotic Index (AI), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Errors Mean Square (MSE). All nonlinear models converged for the studied genotypes, except Richard the model for the Posture genotype. In general, the estimated parameters for the growth curve using nonlinear models suggested higher precocity for the Posture genotype in comparison to meat type genotypes. The Richard model overestimates the inflection point for all genotypes, except for the Posture genotype. The Gompertz, Logistic and von Bertalanffy are recommended to describe the growth patterns of the studied quail genetic groups. The Brody model did not converge and is not recommended to describe the genetic growth of the studied groups.

Características de desempenho e de carcaça em diferentes genótipos de codornas de corte / Performance and carcass traits of different meat type genotypes

Objetivou-se com este trabalho comparar e correlacionar as características de desempenho e de carcaça em codornas de corte do nascimento aos 35 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 1176 codornas de um dia, machos e fêmeas, de sete genótipos de codornas de corte (EV1, EV2, UFV1, UFV2, UFV3, LF1 e LF2), distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com ensaio fatorial 7x2 (genótipo x sexo), em sete repetições com 12 codornas por unidade experimental. As codornas foram pesadas individualmente do nascimento aos 35 dias de idade, em intervalos semanais. Aos 35 dias de idade, dois machos e duas fêmeas de cada genótipo e repetição foram amostrados e abatidos para avaliação do peso de carcaça e dos cortes nobres. As análises estatísticas foram conduzidas utilizando-se o procedimento GLM e CORR com a opção MANOVA do SAS para avaliar as diferenças entre os genótipos e a correlação entre as variáveis. Não houve interação (P≥0,05) entre genótipo e sexo para as características de desempenho (peso e ganho de peso nas diferentes idades). Entretanto, houve efeito significativo da interação genótipo x sexo (P<0,05) para as características de pesos de carcaça, peito e coxa+sobrecoxa. Em geral, as codornas dos grupos genéticos UFV1, UFV2 e UFV3 foram as mais pesadas dos sete aos 35 dias de idade e apresentaram maiores rendimentos de carcaça. Como observado pelas correlações fenotípicas, a tendência é que codornas que apresentam maior peso corporal e ganho de peso irão apresentar maior peso de carcaça e dos seus principais cortes.(AU)

This study was carried out to compare and relate the performance and carcass traits of different quail genotypes from hatch to 35 days of age. A total of 1176 one-day-old quails of both sexes were allotted in a completely randomized experimental design, in a 7x2 factorial scheme (genotypes x sexes), in seven replicates with 12 quails per experimental unit. Quails of each genotype were weighed weekly from hatch to 35 days of age. At 35 days of age two males and two females of each genotype and replicate were sampled and slaughtered to evaluate carcass weight and main cut yield. Statistical analyses were performed by GLM and CORR procedure from the Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 2000, version 9.0), with the MANOVA option of the SAS device to assess the differences between the genotypes and the correlation between variables. There was no interaction (P≥0.05) between genotype and sex with the performance characteristics of weight and weight gain. However, there was a significant effect of genotype x sex (P<0.05) for the characteristics carcass,breast, thigh and drumstick weights. In general, quails of genetic groups UFV1, UFV2 and UFV3 were heavier from 7 to 35 days of age. We observed that for the correlation the tendency is that quail that showed higher body weight and weight gain will have greater housing and main cuts weight.(AU)