Retrospective investigation of decreasing body temperature trends during anaesthesia in dogs.

BACKGROUND: Hypothermia during the perianaesthetic period may lead to an increased risk of morbidity in veterinary patients. However, the timeline of the decrease in body temperature during general anaesthesia has been minimally investigated. METHODS: Anaesthetic records of 1097 client-owned dogs were examined. Change in body temperature (ΔBT = baseline temperature - time point temperature) was plotted over time for all dogs. The slope of ΔBT was calculated for each 15-minute interval, and the magnitude of the largest ΔBT and the time point at which the largest ΔBT occurred were determined for each record. RESULTS: A rapid decline in ΔBT occurred from 0 to 15 minutes, a slower decline occurred from 15 to 60 minutes and a plateau occurred from 60 to 240 minutes. The largest ΔBT occurred at 75 (15-240) minutes from baseline, with a maximum ΔBT of -2.06°C (-0.06°C to -8.72°C). LIMITATIONS: This is a retrospective study. As such, there were missing data points and potential confounding factors could not be controlled for. CONCLUSIONS: Anaesthetised dogs exhibited a distinct pattern of decrease in body temperature, with the most rapid reduction occurring within the first 15 minutes. The effects of procedures and anaesthetic agents on the timeline and pattern of heat loss warrant further investigation.

Development and validation of a web-based patient decision aid for immunotherapy for patients with metastatic melanoma: study protocol for a multicenter randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients with metastatic melanoma and their physicians are confronted with a complex decision regarding first-line therapy. Risks and benefits vary considerably between various treatment options. With this in mind, we aim to develop and evaluate a patient decision aid (PtDA) to inform patients about the risks and benefits of treatment options, namely, immunotherapy as monotherapy, immunotherapy as combination therapy, and treatment with BRAF/MEK inhibitors. We aim to test whether the use of this PtDA before medical consultation will increase patients' knowledge of treatment options and thus promote shared decision-making (SDM) and patient decision satisfaction. METHODS: In total, 128 patients with metastatic melanoma from two German cancer centers will be randomized to the intervention group (IG), receiving access to the PtDA before medical consultation, or the control group (CG), receiving treatment as usual (TAU), i.e., medical consultation alone. There will be three major assessment points (before intervention, T0; after intervention, T1; and 3 months after intervention, T2). The main outcome is the patient's knowledge of their treatment options, measured by a self-developed, piloted multiple-choice test at T1. Secondary outcome measures will include the extent of SDM during medical consultation, assessed by Observer OPTION 5, and patient decision satisfaction, assessed by the Satisfaction with Decision Scale (SwD), at T1 and T2. DISCUSSION: This trial will assess the effectiveness of a developed PtDA to enhance patient knowledge of treatment options for metastatic melanoma, SDM, and patient decision satisfaction. If the efficacy can be proven, the PtDA will be implemented nationwide in Germany to close a relevant gap in the education and care of patients with metastatic melanoma. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04240717 . Registered on 27 January 2020.