The pattern of cortical thickness associated with executive dysfunction in MCI and SCC: The MEMENTO cohort.

BACKGROUND: The association between the pattern of cortical thickness (CT) and executive dysfunction (ED) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) is still poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the association between CT and ED in a large French cohort (MEMENTO) of 2323 participants with MCI or SCC. METHODS: All participants with available CT and executive function data (verbal fluency and Trail Making Test [TMT]) were selected (n=1924). Linear regressions were performed to determine relationships between executive performance and the brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and CT using FreeSurfer. RESULTS: The global executive function score was related to the BPF (sß: 0.091, P<0.001) and CT in the right supramarginal (sß: 0.060, P=0.041) and right isthmus cingulate (sß: 0.062, P=0.011) regions. Literal verbal fluency was related to the BPF (sß: 0.125, P<0.001) and CT in the left parsorbitalis region (sß: 0.045, P=0.045). Semantic verbal fluency was related to the BPF (sß: 0.101, P<0.001) and CT in the right supramarginal region (sß: 0.061, P=0.042). The time difference between the TMT parts B and A was related to the BPF (sß: 0.048, P=0.045) and CT in the right precuneus (sß: 0.073, P=0.019) and right isthmus cingulate region (sß: 0.054, P=0.032). CONCLUSIONS: In a large clinically based cohort of participants presenting with either MCI or SCC (a potential early stage of Alzheimer's disease [AD]), ED was related to the BPF and CT in the left pars orbitalis, right precuneus, right supramarginal, and right isthmus cingulate regions. This pattern of lesions adds knowledge to the conventional anatomy of ED and could contribute to the early diagnosis of AD.

Reference curves for CD4 T-cell count response to combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected treatment-naïve patients.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to provide a reference for the CD4 T-cell count response in the early months after the initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in HIV-1-infected patients. METHODS: All patients in the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE) cohort who were aged ≥ 18 years and started cART for the first time between 1 January 2005 and 1 January 2010 and who had at least one available measurement of CD4 count and a viral load ≤ 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL at 6 months (± 3 months) after cART initiation were included in the study. Unadjusted and adjusted references curves and predictions were obtained using quantile regressions. RESULTS: A total of 28 992 patients were included in the study. The median CD4 T-cell count at treatment initiation was 249 [interquartile range (IQR) 150, 336] cells/µL. The median observed CD4 counts at 6, 9 and 12 months were 382 (IQR 256, 515), 402 (IQR 274, 543) and 420 (IQR 293, 565) cells/µL. The two main factors explaining the variation of CD4 count at 6 months were AIDS stage and CD4 count at cART initiation. A CD4 count increase of ≥ 100 cells/mL is generally required in order that patients stay 'on track' (i.e. with a CD4 count at the same percentile as when they started), with slightly higher gains required for those starting with CD4 counts in the higher percentiles. Individual predictions adjusted for factors influencing CD4 count were more precise. CONCLUSIONS: Reference curves aid the evaluation of the immune response early after antiretroviral therapy initiation that leads to viral control.

Liver-related deaths in HIV-infected patients between 1995 and 2005 in the French GERMIVIC Joint Study Group Network (Mortavic 2005 study in collaboration with the Mortalité 2005 survey, ANRS EN19).

BACKGROUND: More than 10 years after the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), we examined the trend in the proportion of deaths caused by end-stage liver disease (ESLD) in HIV-infected adults in France between 1995 and 2005. DESIGN AND METHODS: In 2005, 34 departments prospectively recorded all deaths in HIV-infected patients who were followed in those departments (around 24 000). RESULTS: were compared with those of four previous cross-sectional surveys conducted since 1995 using the same methodology. Results Among 287 reported deaths in 2005, 100 (35%) were related to AIDS, and 48 (17%) to ESLD. Three out of four patients who died from ESLD-related causes had chronic hepatitis C. Excessive alcohol consumption was reported in approximately half of the patients (48%). At death, 62% of patients had undetectable HIV viral load and the median CD4 count was 237 cells/microL. From 1995 to 2005, the proportion of deaths caused by ESLD increased from 2 to 17% (P<0.001). The proportion of deaths caused by hepatocellular carcinoma increased from 5% in 1995 to 25% in 2005 (P=0.0337). CONCLUSIONS: Over the 10 years from 1995 to 2005, the proportion of deaths caused by hepatitis C virus-related ESLD has increased in HIV-infected patients. ESLD is currently a leading cause of death in this population, with hepatocellular carcinoma representing a quarter of liver-related deaths. Recommendations for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma should be strictly applied in these patients.