Deciphering the molecular landscape of ionising radiation-induced eye damage with the help of genomic data mining.

Even at low levels, exposure to ionising radiation can lead to eye damage. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. We aimed to address this gap with a comprehensive in silico approach to the issue. For this purpose we relied on the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), ToppGene Suite, Cytoscape, GeneMANIA, and Metascape to identify six key regulator genes associated with radiation-induced eye damage (ATM, CRYAB, SIRT1, TGFB1, TREX1, and YAP1), all of which have physical interactions. Some of the identified molecular functions revolve around DNA repair mechanisms, while others are involved in protein binding, enzymatic activities, metabolic processes, and post-translational protein modifications. The biological processes are mostly centred on response to DNA damage, the p53 signalling pathway in particular. We identified a significant role of several miRNAs, such as hsa-miR-183 and hsamiR-589, in the mechanisms behind ionising radiation-induced eye injuries. Our study offers a valuable method for gaining deeper insights into the adverse effects of radiation exposure.

Characterization of Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Systems According to the IEC 62387:2020 Standard.

ABSTRACT: A need for detailed testing of individual monitoring systems used in accredited service at the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences was recognized following changes in individual, workplace, and environmental monitoring passive dosimetry systems acceptability criteria stated in IEC 62387:2020 and changes related to reference fields used in radiation protection defined in ISO 4037:2019. Reliability and accuracy of dosimetry data acquired by passive dosimetry systems used for individual monitoring is assured by carrying out type tests. In this manner, the effects of different radiation influence quantities are examined. Passive dosimetry systems comprised of an LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) detector card placed in two different holder models (8814 and 8850) and the Harshaw TLD Model 6600 Plus Automated Reader were tested. Type tests were done in an extended range of photon energies from 40 keV up to 1.25 MeV, angle of incidence values of ±45° and ± 60° for both vertical and horizontal dosimeter orientation, and in the dose range from 0.05 mSv to 1 Sv. Both dosimetry system configurations perform in line with IEC 62387:2020 within mandatory range for tested influence quantities. Dosimeters that use the 8850 holder type showed less pronounced energy and angular dependence of the response in the low-energy range.

OCCUPATIONAL EYE LENS DOSE ESTIMATED USING WHOLE-BODY DOSEMETER IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY AND RADIOLOGY: A MONTE CARLO STUDY.

Medical personnel performing interventional procedures in cardiology and radiology is considered to be a professional group exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation. Reduction of the eye lens dose limit made its assessment in the interventional procedures one of the most challenging topics. The objective of this work is to assess eye lens doses based on the whole-body doses using methods of computational dosimetry. Assessment included different C-arm orientations (PA, LAO and RAO), tube voltages (80 -110 kV) and efficiency of different combinations of protective equipment used in interventional procedures. Center position at the height of the thyroid gives best estimate of eye lens dose, with spreads of 11% (13%), 13% (17%) and 14% (13%) for the left (right) eye lens. The conversion factors of 1.03 (0.83), 1.28 (1.06) and 1.36 (1.06) to convert whole body to eye lens dose were derived for positions of first operator, nurse and radiographer, respectively. The eye lens dose reduction factors for different combinations of applied protective equipment are 178, 5 and 6, respectively.

EYE LENS EXPOSURE TO MEDICAL STAFF PERFORMING ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY PROCEDURES: DOSE ASSESSMENT AND CORRELATION TO PATIENT DOSE.

The purpose of this study was to assess the patient exposure and staff eye dose levels during implantation procedures for all types of pacemaker therapy devices performed under fluoroscopic guidance and to investigate potential correlation between patients and staff dose levels. The mean eye dose during pacemaker/defibrillator implementation was 12 µSv for the first operator, 8.7 µSv for the second operator/nurse and 0.50 µSv for radiographer. Corresponding values for cardiac resynchronisation therapy procedures were 30, 26 and 2.0 µSv, respectively. Significant (p < 0.01) correlation between the eye dose and the kerma-area product was found for the first operator and radiographers, but not for other staff categories. The study revealed eye dose per procedure and eye dose normalised to patient dose indices for different staff categories and provided an input for radiation protection in electrophysiology procedures.

Radiation exposure during X-ray examinations in a large paediatric hospital in Serbia.

Objective of this work is to evaluate radiation exposure from X-ray examinations in a large paediatric hospital in Serbia, including radiographic, fluoroscopic and computed tomography (CT) examinations in four age groups: 0-1, 1-5, 5-10 and 10-15 y. Incident air kerma was assessed for the following radiographies: chest (AP, PA, LAT), spine (AP, LAT), pelvis (AP), urinary tract (AP, PA) and skull (AP, PA, LAT). Kerma-area product was measured for the fluoroscopy examinations: barium swallow, barium meal, barium enema and micturating cystography. Dose in CT was assessed in terms of volume CT dose index and dose-length product for examinations of the head, chest and abdomen. The collected data were compared with other similar studies, which indicated a need to expand such survey to other paediatric hospitals in Serbia.

Radiation doses in adult computed tomography practice in Serbia: initial results.

This work presents initial data on radiation doses in adult computed tomography (CT) in Serbia. Data were collected in terms of CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) values for head, chest and abdomen examination. The range of CTDIvol values was found to be 53-98, 11-34 and 8.5-227 mGy whereas for DLP was 803-1066, 350-845 and 1066-3078 mGy cm(-1) for head, chest and abdomen examination, respectively. Except for abdomen on one CT unit, all estimated values were in line with the reported data. This work also presents simple method on how to reduce radiation doses when scanning head. Using axial (step-and-shot) instead of helical mode and decreasing tube current-time product leads to significant dose reduction. CTDIvol was decreased by 20 % whereas DLP was reduced for a factor 2.