Improved, Shorter-Latency Carcinogen-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Model in Pigs.

Large animal models are important tools for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) research, especially in studies of hepatic vasculature, interventional techniques, and radiofrequency or microwave hyperthermia. Currently, diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced HCC in pigs is the only large animal model for in situ HCC with a tumor latency of 10-26 months. While phenobarbital (PB) is often used to accelerate DENA-induced HCC in rodents, it has not been previously studied in the porcine model. Therefore, we hypothesize that the addition of PB in the DENA-induced HCC porcine model will accelerate tumor latency compared to DENA alone. HCC and benign lesions were seen on serial MRI and confirmed on histopathology. Liver and tumors were further characterized by CT angiography, vascular corrosion casting, and permittivity measurements.

Posterior Root Meniscal Tears: Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative Imaging for Transtibial Pullout Repair.

The menisci play an important biomechanical role in axial load distribution of the knees by means of hoop strength, which is contingent on intact circumferentially oriented collagen fibers and meniscal root attachments. Disruption of the meniscal root attachments leads to altered biomechanics, resulting in progressive cartilage loss, osteoarthritis, and subchondral edema, with the potential for development of a subchondral insufficiency fracture. Identification of meniscal root tears at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is crucial because new arthroscopic surgical techniques (transtibial pullout repair) have been developed to repair meniscal root tears and preserve the tibiofemoral cartilage of the knee. An MR imaging classification of posterior medial meniscal root ligament lesions has been recently described that is dedicated to the posterior root of the medial meniscus. An arthroscopic classification of meniscal root tears has been described that can be applied to the anterior and posterior roots of both the medial meniscus and the lateral meniscus. This arthroscopic classification includes type 1, partial stable root tears; type 2, complete radial root tears; type 3, vertical longitudinal bucket-handle tears; type 4, complex oblique tears; and type 5, bone avulsion fractures of the root attachments. Knowledge of these classifications and the potential contraindications to meniscal root repair can aid the radiologist in the preoperative reporting of meniscal root tear types and the evaluation of the tibiofemoral cartilage. As more patients undergo arthroscopic repair of meniscal root tears, familiarity with the surgical technique and the postoperative radiographic and MR imaging appearance is important to adequately report the imaging findings. ©RSNA, 2016.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a guide to postoperative anatomy and complications.

The purpose of this pictorial essay is to review the surgical technique, postoperative anatomy, and potential complications of the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. As the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy becomes an increasingly popular bariatric surgery, it is important for radiologists to familiarize themselves with the procedure and possible complications.

Neuroimaging findings of extensive sphenoethmoidal dysplasia in NF1.

Whereas isolated sphenoid wing dysplasia (SWD) is a well-known clinical feature in neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), extensive cranial defects involving multiple bones have been rarely reported in this disorder. In this report, we describe the clinical course of a 20-year-old male with NF1 and an extensive cranial bone dysplasia. The large sphenoethmoidal defect was associated with transethmoidal and orbital cephalocele as well as inferolateral herniation of the frontal lobe. In spite of the large defect, the individual did not have any symptoms or complications resulting from the osteopathy. We review the current knowledge of the pathogenesis and management of cranial bone dysplasia in NF1.