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1.
Child Dev ; 95(1): 50-69, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37606486

RESUMO

An individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted to test pre-registered hypotheses about how the configuration of attachment relationships to mothers and fathers predicts children's language competence. Data from seven studies (published between 1985 and 2014) including 719 children (Mage : 19.84 months; 51% female; 87% White) were included in the linear mixed effects analyses. Mean language competence scores exceeded the population average across children with different attachment configurations. Children with two secure attachment relationships had higher language competence scores compared to those with one or no secure attachment relationships (d = .26). Children with two organized attachment relationships had higher language competence scores compared to those with one organized attachment relationship (d = .23), and this difference was observed in older versus younger children in exploratory analyses. Mother-child and father-child attachment quality did not differentially predict language competence, supporting the comparable importance of attachment to both parents in predicting developmental outcomes.


Assuntos
Linguagem Infantil , Relações Pai-Filho , Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Idoso , Lactente , Masculino , Mães , Pai , Relações Mãe-Filho , Apego ao Objeto
2.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 118(29)2021 07 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34266945

RESUMO

Navigating our physical environment requires changing directions and turning. Despite its ecological importance, we do not have a unified theoretical account of non-straight-line human movement. Here, we present a unified optimality criterion that predicts disparate non-straight-line walking phenomena, with straight-line walking as a special case. We first characterized the metabolic cost of turning, deriving the cost landscape as a function of turning radius and rate. We then generalized this cost landscape to arbitrarily complex trajectories, allowing the velocity direction to deviate from body orientation (holonomic walking). We used this generalized optimality criterion to mathematically predict movement patterns in multiple contexts of varying complexity: walking on prescribed paths, turning in place, navigating an angled corridor, navigating freely with end-point constraints, walking through doors, and navigating around obstacles. In these tasks, humans moved at speeds and paths predicted by our optimality criterion, slowing down to turn and never using sharp turns. We show that the shortest path between two points is, counterintuitively, often not energy-optimal, and, indeed, humans do not use the shortest path in such cases. Thus, we have obtained a unified theoretical account that predicts human walking paths and speeds in diverse contexts. Our model focuses on walking in healthy adults; future work could generalize this model to other human populations, other animals, and other locomotor tasks.


Assuntos
Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Locomoção/fisiologia , Adulto , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Orientação Espacial/fisiologia , Caminhada/fisiologia
3.
Psychol Men Masc ; 25(1): 27-32, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38406639

RESUMO

Unmarried, Black fathers' positive engagement contributes to children's health and development beginning in early infancy. For many men, preparations for parenthood begin before birth as expectant fathers formulate parenting attitudes that can promote secure infant-father attachment relationships. This study examined aspects of life stress as predictors of prenatal attitudes toward attachment -- the extent to which expectant fathers endorsed promoting attachment security in their infants. Further, we considered whether shift-and-persist cognitive strategies -- a psychological resilience factor focused on shifting to positive focus and future-orientation -- moderated these associations. A sample of 121 unmarried, Black men expecting the birth of a child were recruited during the 2nd or 3rd trimester of their partner's pregnancy. Expectant fathers reported on childhood trauma, recent negative life experiences, and depressive symptomology. Fathers also completed a survey assessment of shift-and-persist strategies, as well as a newly developed scale assessing attitudes toward attachment. Depressive symptoms and negative life events were directly, positively related to attitudes toward attachment. The association between positive attitudes toward attachment and both negative life events and depressive symptomology was moderated by fathers' ability to shift-and-persist. Specifically, aspects of life stress were generally unrelated to attitudes toward attachment when shift-and-persist was low, but related to more positive attitudes toward attachment when shift-and-persist was high. Preliminary findings point to the potential steeling effects of shift-and-persist strategies for expectant fathers facing moderate levels of life stress.

4.
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev ; 2021(180): 67-94, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35005834

RESUMO

An unsettled question in attachment theory and research is the extent to which children's attachment patterns with mothers and fathers jointly predict developmental outcomes. In this study, we used individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis to assess whether early attachment networks with mothers and fathers are associated with children's internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems. Following a pre-registered protocol, data from 9 studies and 1,097 children (mean age: 28.67 months) with attachment classifications to both mothers and fathers were included in analyses. We used a linear mixed effects analysis to assess differences in children's internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems as assessed via the average of both maternal and paternal reports based on whether children had two, one, or no insecure (or disorganized) attachments. Results indicated that children with an insecure attachment relationship with one or both parents were at higher risk for elevated internalizing behavioral problems compared with children who were securely attached to both parents. Children whose attachment relationships with both parents were classified as disorganized had more externalizing behavioral problems compared to children with either one or no disorganized attachment relationship with their parents. Across attachment classification networks and behavioral problems, findings suggest (a) an increased vulnerability to behavioral problems when children have insecure or disorganized attachment to both parents, and (b) that mother-child and father-child attachment relationships may not differ in the roles they play in children's development of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems.


Assuntos
Pai , Comportamento Problema , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Relações Mãe-Filho , Mães , Pais
5.
Attach Hum Dev ; 22(1): 51-65, 2020 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30873905

RESUMO

This study examined relations between father-child attachment security and both paternal sensitivity and fathers' pleasure in parenting. At 12 months of age sensitivity was coded from father-infant interactions and pleasure in parenting was coded from fathers' interviews assessing attitudes toward the parenting role. Father-child dyads participated in the Strange Situation Procedure assessing attachment relationship quality. Sensitivity was related to more pleasure in parenting, but neither variable alone predicted attachment security. However, pleasure in parenting moderated the association between sensitivity and attachment. Moreover, the concordance between sensitivity and pleasure in parenting differed markedly across attachment classifications. In secure relationships fathers showed strong concordance between sensitivity and pleasure in parenting. Fathers in avoidant relationships demonstrated high sensitivity coupled with low pleasure in parenting, whereas fathers in disorganized relationships showed low sensitivity coupled with high pleasure in parenting. Results speak to the importance of integrating cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of parenting in father-child attachment research.


Assuntos
Relações Pai-Filho , Pai/psicologia , Apego ao Objeto , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Adulto , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Fatores Socioeconômicos
6.
Attach Hum Dev ; 22(1): 15-26, 2020 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30873899

RESUMO

This study examined the longitudinal associations between fathers' observed parenting behaviors and father-infant attachment (n = 58 father-infant dyads). Fathers were observed playing with their infants at 9 months postpartum and were assessed for stimulating behaviors (i.e. physical and/or object stimulation), as well as their sensitivity and intrusiveness. When the infants were 12 to 18 months of age, fathers and infants participated together in the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) to assess father-infant attachment security. Logistic regression analyses revealed that higher levels of paternal stimulation at 9 months postpartum were associated with greater odds of classification as a secure father-infant dyad. Additionally, fathers' observed intrusiveness at 9 months postpartum moderated this association; greater paternal stimulation was associated with significantly greater odds of father-infant attachment security at low and average levels of paternal intrusiveness, but not at high levels of paternal intrusiveness. This study provides new insight into the paternal behaviors that may foster secure father-infant attachment.


Assuntos
Relações Pai-Filho , Pai/psicologia , Apego ao Objeto , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Comportamento , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
7.
Fam Process ; 59(2): 789-806, 2020 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31012095

RESUMO

Fragile families are defined as those that include unmarried or romantically unstable parents who have children and are socioeconomically disadvantaged. Mothers in fragile families may experience risk factors that lead to increased depressive symptoms that inhibit their ability to bounce back after stressful events. Risk factors for poorer maternal mental health may include declines in father involvement and a lack of coparenting support. This study examined the connected nature of coparenting and father involvement over time among continuously unmarried mothers from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. A bidirectional latent growth curve analysis demonstrated that early father involvement was associated with a more gradual decline in coparenting support over the child's first 5 years, while early coparenting support also predicted a slower decline in father involvement over time. Steeper declines in coparenting support and father involvement over time were linked with more maternal depression and lower maternal life satisfaction when their child was nine. Results demonstrate a clear need for targeted intervention with both parents in fragile families to promote involved fathering behavior and enhance coparental relationships.


Las familias frágiles se definen como aquellas formadas por padres inestables solteros o románticamente inestables que tienen hijos y son desfavorecidos socioeconómicamente (Carlson & McLanahan, 2010). Las madres de las familias frágiles pueden sufrir factores de riesgo conducentes a mayores síntomas depresivos que inhiben su capacidad de recuperarse después de situaciones estresantes (Kalil & Ryan, 2010). Entre los factores de riesgo de deterioro de la salud mental materna se encuentran la disminución de la participación del padre y la falta de apoyo en la cocrianza. Este estudio analizó la índole asociada de la cocrianza y la participación del padre con el paso del tiempo entre las madres continuamente solteras del estudio sobre las "Familias Frágiles y el Bienestar de los Niños" (Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study). Un análisis bidireccional de la curva de crecimiento latente demostró que la participación inicial del padre estuvo asociada con una disminución más gradual del apoyo en la cocrianza durante los primeros cinco años del niño, mientras que el apoyo inicial en la cocrianza también predijo una disminución más lenta de la participación del padre con el paso del tiempo. Las disminuciones más pronunciadas del apoyo en la cocrianza y de la participación del padre con el paso del tiempo estuvieron ligadas a una mayor depresión materna y a una menor satisfacción materna con la vida cuando su hijo tenía nueve años. Los resultados demuestran una clara necesidad de una intervención orientada a ambos padres de las familias frágiles a fin de promover una conducta participativa del padre y mejorar las relaciones de cocrianza.


Assuntos
Pai/psicologia , Ilegitimidade/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Comportamento Paterno/psicologia , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Relações Pai-Filho , Feminino , Humanos , Análise de Classes Latentes , Masculino , Saúde Materna , Saúde Mental , Fatores de Tempo , Populações Vulneráveis/psicologia
8.
J Neuroeng Rehabil ; 16(1): 4, 2019 01 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30612582

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) exhibit considerable lateral center of mass (COM) movement variability during gait transitions from a stabilizing to unassisted environment, while non-impaired individuals do not. To understand how iSCI influences gait adaption, we examined persons with and without iSCI performing repeated locomotor transitions. We hypothesized that, with practice, individuals with iSCI would prioritize COM control performance during the transition as exhibited by a reduction in kinematic variability. In, contrast, we hypothesized that non-impaired individuals would prioritize control effort by decreasing muscular activity. METHODS: Thirteen participants with iSCI and 12 non-impaired participants performed five treadmill-walking trials. During some trials, a cable-robot applied stabilizing lateral forces to the pelvis proportional in magnitude and opposite in direction to real-time lateral COM velocity. Each trial consisted of 300 continuous steps with or without a transition. During the first and last trials, no forces were applied and no transitions occurred (Null trials). During trials 2-4 (transition trials), the first 200 steps occurred in the stabilizing force field, forces were then abruptly removed, and 100 more unassisted steps were performed. We analyzed COM and step width variability, and hip abductor muscle activity during transitions (force removal until gait returned to steady state). RESULTS: Participants with iSCI displayed large COM movement variability during the first transition but reduced variability with practice. During the first transition, lateral COM speed, lateral COM excursion, and step width were all more variable than during the first Null trial (p < 0.05). By the third transition, no metric was different from Null trials (p > 0.05). In contrast, non-impaired participants' movement variability during the first transition was not different from Null trials (p > 0.05). With practice, movement variability increased: lateral COM excursion was more variable during Transitions 2 and 3 versus the first Null trial (p < 0.05). Non-impaired participants decreased hip abductor activity from Transition 1 to 3 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with iSCI demonstrated rapid motor savings. By the third transition, individuals with iSCI reduced locomotor variability to baseline levels. In contrast, non-impaired participants prioritized control effort over control performance. With practice transitioning, non-impaired participants increased locomotor variability and decreased muscular effort.


Assuntos
Marcha/fisiologia , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/reabilitação , Adulto , Fenômenos Biomecânicos/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Movimento , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia
9.
Fam Process ; 57(1): 165-180, 2018 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28191632

RESUMO

This study examined the intergenerational transmission of fathering among young, African American fathers in rural communities. A sample of 132 African American young men living in the rural South reported on the quality of their relationship with their biological and social fathers in the family of origin, their own involvement with their young children, and relational schemas of close, intimate relationships. Results of path analyses supported the hypothesized mediational model, such that a better relationship with one's biological (but not social) father predicted increased father involvement in the next generation, and this association was partially mediated through positive relational schema after controlling for a range of covariates. Tests of moderated mediation indicated that the link between relational schema and father involvement was significantly stronger among fathers of girls than fathers of boys. Findings highlight the unique influence of close, nurturing father-child relationships for downstream father involvement, and the role of relational schemas as a mechanism for intergenerational transmission among young, rural, African American fathers of girls.


Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Pai/psicologia , Relação entre Gerações , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Comportamento Paterno , Criança , Educação Infantil/psicologia , Relações Pai-Filho , Feminino , Georgia , Humanos , Masculino , População Rural , Adulto Jovem
10.
Arch Sex Behav ; 46(4): 913-924, 2017 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26699737

RESUMO

We investigated the psychosocial mechanisms linking personal and contextual risk factors to HIV-related behavior among 498 rural Black men. We characterized HIV-related behavior in terms of profile groups and hypothesized that contextual and personal risk factors (childhood adversity, community disadvantage, incarceration, and racial discrimination) would predict HIV-related behavior indirectly via two psychosocial mechanisms: impulsivity and negative relational schemas. Study results documented three HIV-related behavior profile groups. The Safer group reported low levels of risky behavior. The Risk-Taking group reported inconsistent condom use and elevated substance use. The Multiple Partners group reported the highest numbers of partners and relatively consistent condom use. Risk factors predicted profile groups directly and indirectly through psychosocial mechanisms. Impulsivity mediated the association between community disadvantage and membership in the risk-taking group. Negative relational schemas mediated the associations of childhood experiences and community disadvantage with membership in the multiple partners group. Specificity in pathways suggests the need for targeted interventions based on multidimensional characterizations of risk behavior.


Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Heterossexualidade , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Sexo sem Proteção , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Heterossexualidade/psicologia , Heterossexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Sexo sem Proteção/psicologia , Sexo sem Proteção/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem
11.
Attach Hum Dev ; 19(4): 340-363, 2017 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28420287

RESUMO

Little research has examined the legacy of early maternal care for later attachment representations among low-income and ethnic minority school-aged children. Using data from a sample of 276 rural, low-income, African-American families, this study examined associations between maternal care in infancy and children's representations of attachment figures in middle childhood. Maternal care was coded from 10-min home-based observations at 6, 15, and 24 months of age. Representations of attachment figures were assessed using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task at 6 years of age. Sensitive maternal care in infancy was not significantly related to attachment security or episodic disorganized behaviors in children's representations. However, children exposed to more harsh-intrusive parenting during infancy displayed less secure representations of attachment figures in middle childhood and more episodic disorganized behaviors, even after controlling for numerous child and family contextual covariates. Findings inform conceptualizations of attachment formation among rural, low-income, African-American parent-child dyads.


Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Apego ao Objeto , Poder Familiar/etnologia , Pobreza , População Rural , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Relações Mãe-Filho/etnologia , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estados Unidos
12.
Attach Hum Dev ; 18(2): 176-87, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26754258

RESUMO

This investigation examined the structure of reflective functioning (RF) - an understanding of the links between mental states and behaviors - and adult attachment scales. Both RF and traditional adult attachment scales were coded based on 194 prebirth Adult Attachment Interviews (AAI). Correlational and factor analyses indicated considerable overlap between RF and traditional AAI coding. Exploratory factor analyses of RF and AAI state-of-mind scales indicated that RF loaded, along with coherence of mind, on the primary factor distinguishing between individuals categorized as secure and dismissing. These findings indicate substantial overlap between RF and AAI scales; however, the magnitude of the correlations between these scales indicates that they are not redundant.


Assuntos
Apego ao Objeto , Teoria da Mente , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevista Psicológica , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
13.
J Neuroeng Rehabil ; 12: 29, 2015 Mar 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25881322

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate whether an anti-spasticity medication can facilitate the effects of robotic locomotor treadmill training (LTT) to improve gait function in people with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: Individuals with chronic incomplete SCI were recruited and carried out a 4 week intervention of either locomotor treadmill training (LTT) alone (n = 26) or LTT combined with Tizanidine (TizLTT), an anti-spasticity medication (n = 22). Gait function was evaluated using clinical outcome measures of gait, speed and endurance. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of the therapeutic effects, maximal strength, active range of motion (AROM) and peak velocity (Vp) of ankle dorsi- and planter-flexor muscles were also measured. Differences were assessed using two-way mixed design analysis of variance. The number of subjects that achieved the minimal important difference (MID) for clinical scores was also measured for each group, and the results of those that did attain the MID were compared with those that did not. RESULTS: Both LTT and TizLTT resulted in significant improvements in walking speed and dorsiflexion maximum strength, with no significant differences between them, using group-averaging analysis. However, using the MID analysis, a higher proportion of subjects in the TizLTT group achieved the MID for walking speed (40%) compared with LTT alone (13%). Those that achieved the MID for walking speed were significantly higher functioning at baseline than those that did not in the TizLTT group, and the change in walking speed was associated with the change in dorsiflexion peak velocity (R(2) = 0.40; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Tizanidine appears to facilitate the effects of LTT on gait function in individuals with chronic SCI that are higher functioning at baseline. We speculate that this may be due to restoration of inhibitory mechanisms by Tizanidine, resulting in greater stretch in the planterflexor muscles during the LTT.


Assuntos
Aprendizagem/efeitos dos fármacos , Locomoção , Espasticidade Muscular/tratamento farmacológico , Espasticidade Muscular/etiologia , Robótica , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/complicações , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/reabilitação , Adulto , Idoso , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Clonidina/análogos & derivados , Clonidina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Marcha , Humanos , Contração Isométrica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Relaxantes Musculares Centrais/uso terapêutico , Força Muscular , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Resultado do Tratamento , Caminhada
14.
Am J Community Psychol ; 56(3-4): 241-51, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26362297

RESUMO

This study was designed to examine the associations of biological father and social father involvement during childhood with African American young men's development and engagement in risk behaviors. With a sample of 505 young men living in the rural South of the United States, a dual mediation model was tested in which retrospective reports of involvement from biological fathers and social fathers were linked to young men's substance misuse and multiple sexual partnerships through men's relational schemas and future expectations. Results from structural equation modeling indicated that levels of involvement from biological fathers and social fathers predicted young men's relational schemas; only biological fathers' involvement predicted future expectations. In turn, future expectations predicted levels of substance misuse, and negative relational schemas predicted multiple sexual partnerships. Biological fathers' involvement evinced significant indirect associations with young men's substance misuse and multiple sexual partnerships through both schemas and expectations; social fathers' involvement exhibited an indirect association with multiple sexual partnerships through relational schemas. Findings highlight the unique influences of biological fathers and social fathers on multiple domains of African American young men's psychosocial development that subsequently render young men more or less likely to engage in risk behaviors.


Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Relações Pai-Filho , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Adulto , Pai , Humanos , Funções Verossimilhança , Masculino , Testes Psicológicos , Fatores de Risco , População Rural , Comportamento Sexual/etnologia , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Sudeste dos Estados Unidos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Adulto Jovem
15.
Dev Psychol ; 2024 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38358672

RESUMO

A growing body of research suggests that, compared with single parent-child attachment relationships, child developmental outcomes may be better understood by examining the configurations of child-mother and child-father attachment relationships (i.e., attachment networks). Moreover, some studies have demonstrated an above-chance level chance of concordance between the quality of child-mother and child-father attachment relationships, and child temperament has been offered as a plausible explanation for such concordance. To assess whether temperament plays a role in the development of different attachment network configurations, in this preregistered individual participant data meta-analysis we tested the degree to which the temperament dimension of negative emotionality predicts the number of secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant, and disorganized attachment relationships a child has with mother and father. Data included in the linear mixed effects analyses were collected from seven studies sampling 872 children (49% female; 83% White). Negative emotionality significantly predicted the number of secure (d = -0.12) and insecure-resistant (d = 0.11), but not insecure-avoidant (d = 0.04) or disorganized (d = 0.08) attachment relationships. Nonpreregistered exploratory analyses indicated higher negative emotionality in children with insecure-resistant attachment relationships with both parents compared to those with one or none (d = 0.19), suggesting that temperament plays a small yet significant role in child-mother/child-father insecure-resistant attachment relationships concordance. Taken together, results from this study prompt a more in-depth examination of the mechanism underlying the small yet significantly higher chance that children with increased negative emotionality have for developing multiple insecure-resistant attachment relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

16.
J Fam Psychol ; 36(3): 427-437, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34351191

RESUMO

The present study examined the mediating role of pleasure in parenting in the link between fathers' attachment representations and paternal sensitivity among 138 father-infant dyads from a rural part of the southeastern United States. First-time fathers' attachment representations were assessed using the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) prenatally. Pleasure in parenting-a multidimensional construct assessing positive attitudes and beliefs toward the parenting role-was coded from fathers' interviews at 3 months. Paternal sensitivity was coded from father-infant play interactions at 12 months. Results indicated that fathers with secure-autonomous adult attachment representations showed more pleasure in parenting. In turn, fathers who took more pleasure in parenting also interacted more sensitively during father-infant interactions. Moreover, although the direct association between fathers' attachment representations and sensitivity was nonsignificant, the indirect effect from secure-autonomous representations to sensitivity via pleasure in parenting was significant. Findings suggest that first-time fathers' parenting attitudes may play a role in transmitting representations of early caregiving experiences to sensitive interactions with their own infants. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Poder Familiar , Prazer , Adulto , Relações Pai-Filho , Pai/psicologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Apego ao Objeto , Poder Familiar/psicologia
17.
J Fam Psychol ; 36(6): 919-931, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35511557

RESUMO

The authors of this study examined how families may pull upon their shared social networks to generate positive relationship dynamics in the midst of financial distress. Prior research regarding the relevance of social integration to the associations between financial distress and the coparenting relationship have produced mixed and limited results. This study explores how each partner's belief that the couple is integrated within a supportive social network interacts with the strain of financial hardship to influence the coparenting relationship. The authors test whether social integration constitutes a capability for bonadaptation. Data for the present study were collected from 247 couples referred to a community-based, relationship enrichment program who were parents (or pregnant) and had received supportive social services within the last year. The authors estimated an actor-partner interdependence model examining the association between financial distress and each participant's report of their partner's supportive coparenting, as well as the moderating effects of perceived social integration upon this association. The association between financial distress (from either partner) and maternal reports of paternal coparenting support were buffered by mothers' perception of couple social integration. Fathers' perceptions of social integration buffered the association between maternal financial distress and his perception of his partner's coparenting support. The findings highlight the critical role of external support systems (e.g., friends and family) in buffering the effects of financial distress on the coparenting relationship for a diverse, low-income population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Pai , Poder Familiar , Pai/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mães/psicologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Pais/psicologia , Gravidez , Integração Social
18.
MethodsX ; 9: 101889, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36354308

RESUMO

This article presents a strategy for the initial step of data harmonization in Individual Participant Data syntheses, i.e., making decisions as to which measures operationalize the constructs of interest - and which do not. This step is vital in the process of data harmonization, because a study can only be as good as its measures. If the construct validity of the measures is in question, study results are questionable as well. Our proposed strategy for data harmonization consists of three steps. First, a unitary construct is defined based on the existing literature, preferably on the theoretical framework surrounding the construct. Second, the various instruments used to measure the construct are evaluated as operationalizations of this construct, and retained or excluded based on this evaluation. Third, the scores of the included measures are recoded on the same metric. We illustrate the use of this method with three example constructs focal to the Collaboration on Attachment Transmission Synthesis (CATS) study: parental sensitivity, child temperament, and social support. This process description may aid researchers in their data pooling studies, filling a gap in the literature on the first step of data harmonization.•Data harmonization in studies using combined datasets is of vital importance for the validity of the study results.•We have developed and illustrated a strategy on how to define a unitary construct and evaluate whether instruments are operationalizations of this construct as the initial step in the harmonization process.•This strategy is a transferable and reproducible method to apply to the data harmonization process.

19.
J Appl Dev Psychol ; 32(6): 313-322, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25960588

RESUMO

This study examined how child temperament was related to parents' time spent accessible to and interacting with their 2-year-olds. Bivariate analyses indicated that both fathers and mothers spent more time with temperamentally challenging children than easier children on workdays, but fathers spent less time with challenging children than easier children on non-workdays. After accounting for work hours, some associations between temperament and fathers' workday involvement dropped to non-significance. For fathers, work hours also moderated the relation between irregular temperament and workday play. For mothers, work hours moderated the relation between both difficult and irregular temperament and workday interaction. Mothers also spent more time with girls (but not boys) who were temperamentally irregular. Results speak to the influence of child temperament on parenting behavior, and the differential construction of parenting roles as a function of child characteristics and patterns of work.

20.
Dev Psychol ; 56(8): 1496-1508, 2020 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32790448

RESUMO

Father involvement contributes uniquely to children's developmental outcomes. The antecedents of father involvement among unmarried, African American fathers from rural areas, however, have been largely overlooked. The present study tested a conceptual model linking retrospective reports of childhood trauma and early adulthood social instability to father involvement among unmarried, African American men living in resource-poor, rural communities in the southeastern United States. We hypothesized these factors would influence father involvement indirectly, via DNA methylation of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR). A sample of 192 fathers participated in 3 waves of data collection in early adulthood. Fathers reported on social instability at Wave 1; OXTR methylation was assessed via saliva samples at Wave 2; and measures of father involvement, retrospective childhood trauma, and quality of the fathers' relationships with their children's mothers were collected at Wave 3. Structural equation modeling indicated that childhood trauma was related directly to reduced levels of father involvement and to increased social instability. Social instability was associated with elevated levels of OXTR methylation, which in turn predicted decreased father involvement. The indirect effect from social instability to father involvement via OXTR methylation was significant. These associations did not operate through fathers' relationship with the child's mother and remained significant even accounting for associations between interparental relationship quality and father involvement. Findings suggest that OXTR methylation might be a biological mechanism linking social instability to father involvement among unmarried, African American fathers in vulnerable contexts and underscore the detrimental influence of childhood trauma on father involvement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Experiências Adversas da Infância/psicologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/genética , Metilação de DNA , Relações Pai-Filho , Pai/psicologia , Receptores de Ocitocina/genética , População Rural , Pessoa Solteira/psicologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Trauma Psicológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sudeste dos Estados Unidos , Adulto Jovem
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