Perioperative Metformin Treatment to Reduce Postoperative Hyperglycemia After Colon Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Surgery induces a stress response causing insulin resistance that may result in postoperative hyperglycemia. Postoperative hyperglycemia is associated with increased incidence of complications, longer hospitalization and greater mortality. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of metformin treatment on the percentage of patients experiencing postoperative hyperglycemia after elective colon cancer surgery. DESIGN: This was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. SETTINGS: The study was conducted at Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark. PATIENTS: Patients without diabetes planned for elective surgery for colon cancer were included. INTERVENTIONS: Patients received metformin 500mg three times a day or placebo for 20 days before and 10 days after surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood glucose levels were measured several times daily until the end of postoperative day two. The main outcome measures were the percentage of patients who experienced at least one blood glucose measurement above 7.7 and 10 mmol/l, respectively. Rates of complications within 30 days of surgery and Quality of recovery-15 scores were also recorded. RESULTS: Of the 48 included patients, 21 (84.0%) in the placebo group and 18 (78.3%) in the metformin group had at least one blood glucose measurement above 7.7 mmol/l (p = 0.72), and 13 (52.0%) patients in the placebo group had a measurement above 10.0 mmol/l versus 5 (21.7%) in the metformin group, (p = 0.04). No differences in complication rates or Quality of recovery-15 scores were seen. LIMITATIONS: The number of patients in the study was too low to detect a possible difference in postoperative complications. Blood glucose was measured as spot measurements instead of continuous surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: In patients without diabetes, metformin significantly reduced the percentage of patients experiencing postoperative hyperglycemia as defined as spot blood glucose measurements above 10 mmol/l after elective colon cancer surgery. See Video Abstract.

Perioperative Metformin Treatment to Reduce Postoperative Hyperglycemia After Colon Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Surgery induces a stress response, causing insulin resistance that may result in postoperative hyperglycemia, which is associated with increased incidence of complications, longer hospitalization, and greater mortality. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of metformin treatment on the percentage of patients experiencing postoperative hyperglycemia after elective colon cancer surgery. DESIGN: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTINGS: The study was conducted at Slagelse Hospital in Slagelse, Denmark. PATIENTS: Patients without diabetes planned for elective surgery for colon cancer were included. INTERVENTIONS: Patients received metformin (500 mg 3× per day) or placebo for 20 days before and 10 days after surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood glucose levels were measured several times daily until the end of postoperative day 2. The main outcome measures were the percentage of patients who experienced at least 1 blood glucose measurement >7.7 and 10 mmol/L, respectively. Rates of complications within 30 days of surgery and Quality of Recovery-15 scores were also recorded. RESULTS: Of the 48 included patients, 21 patients (84.0%) in the placebo group and 18 patients (78.3%) in the metformin group had at least 1 blood glucose measurement >7.7 mmol/L ( p = 0.72), and 13 patients (52.0%) in the placebo group had a measurement >10.0 mmol/L versus 5 patients (21.7%) in the metformin group ( p = 0.04). No differences in complication rates or Quality of Recovery-15 scores were seen. LIMITATIONS: The number of patients in the study was too low to detect a possible difference in postoperative complications. Blood glucose was measured as spot measurements instead of continuous surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: In patients without diabetes, metformin significantly reduced the percentage of patients experiencing postoperative hyperglycemia, as defined as spot blood glucose measurements >10 mmol/L after elective colon cancer surgery. See Video Abstract . TRATAMIENTO PERIOPERATORIO CON METFORMINA PARA REDUCIR LA HIPERGLUCEMIA POSOPERATORIA DESPUS DE LA CIRUGA DE CNCER DE COLON ENSAYO CLNICO ALEATORIZADO: ANTECEDENTES:La cirugía induce una respuesta de estrés que causa resistencia a la insulina que puede resultar en hiperglucemia posoperatoria. La hiperglucemia posoperatoria se asocia con una mayor incidencia de complicaciones, una hospitalización más prolongada y una mayor mortalidad.OBJETIVO:Este estudio examinó el efecto del tratamiento con metformina en el porcentaje de pacientes que experimentaron hiperglucemia posoperatoria después de una cirugía electiva de cáncer de colon.DISEÑO:Este fue un ensayo aleatorio, doble ciego y controlado con placebo.AJUSTES:El estudio se realizó en el Hospital Slagelse, Slagelse, Dinamarca.PACIENTES:Se incluyeron pacientes sin diabetes planificados para cirugía electiva por cáncer de colon.INTERVENCIONES:Los pacientes recibieron 500 mg de metformina tres veces al día o placebo durante 20 días antes y 10 días después de la cirugía.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Los niveles de glucosa en sangre se midieron varias veces al día hasta el final del segundo día postoperatorio. Las principales medidas de resultado fueron el porcentaje de pacientes que experimentaron al menos una medición de glucosa en sangre por encima de 7,7 y 10 mmol/l, respectivamente. También se registraron las tasas de complicaciones dentro de los 30 días posteriores a la cirugía y las puntuaciones de Calidad de recuperación-15.RESULTADOS:De los 48 pacientes incluidos, 21 (84,0%) en el grupo placebo y 18 (78,3%) en el grupo metformina tuvieron al menos una medición de glucosa en sangre superior a 7,7 mmol/l (p = 0,72), y 13 (52,0%) los pacientes del grupo de placebo tuvieron una medición superior a 10,0 mmol/l frente a 5 (21,7%) en el grupo de metformina (p = 0,04). No se observaron diferencias en las tasas de complicaciones ni en las puntuaciones de Calidad de recuperación-15.LIMITACIONES:El número de pacientes en el estudio fue demasiado bajo para detectar una posible diferencia en las complicaciones posoperatorias. La glucosa en sangre se midió mediante mediciones puntuales en lugar de vigilancia continua.CONCLUSIONES:En pacientes sin diabetes, la metformina redujo significativamente el porcentaje de pacientes que experimentaron hiperglucemia postoperatoria, definida como mediciones puntuales de glucosa en sangre por encima de 10 mmol/l después de una cirugía electiva de cáncer de colon . (Traducción-Dr Yolanda Colorado ).

Effect of modifying high-risk factors and prehabilitation on the outcomes of colorectal cancer surgery: controlled before and after study.

BACKGROUND: Low functional capacity, malnutrition, and anaemia are associated with an increased risk of complications after surgery. These high-risk indicators can be improved through preoperative interventions. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of screening for modifiable high-risk factors combined with targeted interventions on postoperative complications in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS: A controlled before-and-after study was conducted including patients with colorectal cancer undergoing elective curative surgery between August 2015 and October 2018, in two institutions (intervention and control hospital). The intervention consisted of a screening for anaemia, low functional capacity, and nutritional status and their implementation (iron supplementation, prehabilitation, nutritional supplements, and consultation with a dietician), for a minimum of 4 weeks before surgery. The primary outcome was a composite measure consisting of unplanned admission to the intensive care unit, complications with Clavien-Dindo score of 3a or above, length of hospital stay less than 10 days, readmission, or death within 30 days during the postoperative course. RESULTS: A total of 1591 patients were included for analysis with 839 at the intervention hospital and 752 at the control hospital. In a difference-in-difference analysis, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, stage of disease, ASA score, surgical approach, and surgical procedure, the intervention was associated with a 10.9 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 2.1 to 19.7 per cent) absolute risk reduction of a complicated postoperative course, primarily due to a reduction in severe complications. CONCLUSION: The combined intervention of screening and prehabilitation was associated with a decreased risk of a complicated course, primarily in a reduction of severe complications.