Stability of Class II malocclusion treatment with Class II elastics.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to compare the long-term cephalometric stability after successful therapy of nonextraction Class II malocclusion with elastics and with headgear. METHODS: The sample comprised 43 patients with Class II malocclusion and was divided into 2 groups. The elastic group (EG) consisted of 20 patients treated with fixed appliances associated with Class II elastics, and the headgear group (HG) consisted of 23 patients treated with fixed appliances and extraoral headgear. Pretreatment, posttreatment, and long-term posttreatment lateral radiographs were evaluated; t tests were used to compare the long-term posttreatment changes between the groups. RESULTS: The groups were matched regarding initial age, time of long-term posttreatment evaluation, initial malocclusion severity, quality of treatment result, and all pretreatment cephalometric variables. Intergroup comparisons of long-term posttreatment changes showed that the HG group presented significantly greater mandibular protrusion, occlusal plane angle decrease, and maxillary molar mesialization. However, long-term posttreatment stability was similar in overjet, overbite, and molar relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Nonextraction Class II malocclusion treatment with elastics or extraoral headgear have similar long-term posttreatment stability.

Implant and prosthesis survival rates of full-arch immediate prostheses supported by implants with and without bicortical anchorage: Up to 2 years of follow-up retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: To compare implant and prosthesis survival rates between full-arch immediate prostheses supported by 4 hydrophilic implants with bicortical anchorage and by 5 or 6 hydrophilic implants placed without bicortical anchorage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample was retrospectively selected and comprised completely edentulous patients treated with full-arch immediate prostheses supported by Morse Taper hydrophilic implants. The selected patients were divided into four groups, according to the region of implant placement and type of anchorage. Differences in implant and prosthesis survival rates between groups, as well as the influence of bicortical anchorage on implant primary stability, were verified using Fisher's exact tests (significant at p < .05). RESULTS: The sample comprised 392 implants, 72 were placed in the maxilla with bicortical anchorage, and 85 were placed without. In the mandible, 140 implants were placed with and 95 were placed without bicortical anchorage. The follow-up period was up to 24 months. A 98.8% implant survival rate was observed for the group of implants placed without bicortical anchorage in the maxilla, and of 100% for the other groups. The overall implant survival rate was 99.7% (391 of 392 implants). Prosthesis survival rate was 100% for all groups. No differences were observed between groups with respect to implant and prosthesis survival rates. Significantly higher primary stability was observed for implants placed with bicortical anchorage in both jaws. CONCLUSION: Predictable results and high survival rates were achieved within the period evaluated by the present retrospective study, with immediate full-arch prostheses when only four hydrophilic implants are placed bicortically.

Factors influencing implant and prosthesis survival in zygomatic implant-supported fixed rehabilitation: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate mid-term implant and prosthesis survival in patients with edentulous atrophic maxillae submitted to zygomatic implant-supported fixed rehabilitation and to identify possible related risk factors. METHODS: Data were collected from records of patients with edentulous atrophic maxillae, in good general health and who were rehabilitated by means of acrylic resin full-arch screw-retained prosthesis supported by at least one zygomatic implant, between the years of 2006-2017. Implant and prosthesis survival rates were calculated. The association between implant and prosthesis loss and quantitative and qualitative variables of interest was verified with t tests and Fisher's exact tests, respectively. For the significant variables in the latter, odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were additionally calculated. RESULTS: The sample comprised 66 patients in whom 171 zygomatic implants were placed to support maxillary screw-retained full-arch prostheses. Implant and prosthesis survival rates of 94.15% and 92.4%, respectively, were observed in a mean of 3.6 years of follow-up (up to 11.7 years). Implant loss was 4.33 more likely to occur when adverse events were recorded after the procedure of implant placement (P = 0.026) and 10.31 more likely to occur in implants that had their prosthesis repaired during follow-up visits (P = 0.004). Prosthesis loss was 22.00 times more likely to occur when implants were previously lost (P < 0.001). All prostheses that were considered as failures (i.e. were replaced) had been previously submitted to laboratory repair at some point during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Zygomatic implant rehabilitation demonstrated to be a reliable method with good mid-term results. The occurrence of post-surgical adverse events and need for laboratory repair of the prosthesis were found to be significant risk factors for implant loss. Previous implant loss was significantly associated with prosthesis loss. These risk factors may be prevented by means of detailed planning of the rehabilitation to be carried out, including post-operative care of the patients, so that treatment success using zygomatic implants can be achieved.

Long-term stability of Class II treatment with the Jasper jumper appliance.

INTRODUCTION: Treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusion with orthopedic devices combined with fixed orthodontic appliances has shown excellent results when used in growing patients. We aimed to evaluate the long-term stability of the cephalometric changes obtained during Class II malocclusion correction with the Jasper jumper associated with fixed appliances. METHODS: The treatment group comprised 24 patients who were evaluated at 3 stages: pretreatment, posttreatment, and long-term posttreatment. The control group comprised 15 subjects with normal occlusion. Intratreatment group comparisons among the 3 stages were performed with repeated measures analysis of variance, followed by Tukey tests. Intergroup comparisons of posttreatment changes and normal growth changes of the treatment group were performed with t tests. RESULTS: Apical base relationship, maxillary incisor anteroposterior position, and overjet demonstrated significant relapses in relation to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Most dentoalveolar changes obtained with the Jasper jumper followed by fixed appliances during treatment remained stable in the long term. However, apical base relationship, maxillary incisor anteroposterior position, and overjet demonstrated significant relapses in relation to the control group. Therefore, active retention time should be increased in the posttreatment period.

Root resorption in Class II malocclusion treatment with Class II elastics.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this investigation was to compare the amount of apical root resorption in nonextraction treatment of Class II malocclusions with and without Class II elastics. METHODS: A sample of 54 patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion, retrospectively selected, was divided into 2 groups. The elastic group consisted of 27 patients who were exclusively treated with fixed appliances associated with elastics, and the headgear group consisted of 27 patients treated with fixed appliances and extraoral headgear. The groups were matched regarding initial age, treatment time, amount of overjet, initial malocclusion severity, final occlusal status, and severity of Class II molar relationship. Posttreatment periapical radiographs of the maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors were used to evaluate root resorption. The amounts of resorption in the groups were compared with Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the amounts of root resorption between the elastic and the headgear groups. CONCLUSION: Nonextraction treatment of Class II malocclusions with Class II elastics associated with fixed appliances causes similar root resorption as treatment with extraoral headgear and fixed appliances. Apical root resorption was predominantly mild and similar in the 2 groups.

Influence of pain duration and severity on oral health-related quality of life and patient satisfaction during adult treatment with clear aligners.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to compare the impact of pain on quality of life and patient satisfaction during treatment with aligners. METHODS: Ninety-four subjects in active treatment were invited to answer self-reported questions concerning pain severity and duration, occurrence of other signs and symptoms, and level of satisfaction with their treatment. Also, the OHIP-14 questionnaire was applied to assess patients' OHRQoL. RESULTS: Ninety-four patients (49 women and 45 men) answered the survey. Pain duration of 1-3 days was reported by 69.1% of patients (n = 60). For those who reported pain (n = 84), it was considered mild severity by 42.9% and moderate by 52.4%. Almost sixty-four percent of the sample were very satisfied with the aligner's aesthetics (n = 60) and forty-nine percent were satisfied with treatment in general (n = 46). Mean OHIP-14 score was 3.36 ± 2.54. OHRQoL was significantly associated with pain severity, whereas patients who reported having experienced moderate pain presented a significantly higher mean OHIP-14 score than those who reported having experienced mild pain (3.92 ± 1.93 and 2.69 ± 2.83, respectively; p = 0.036). The "psychological discomfort" OHIP-14's domain was the most influenced by the level of pain. CONCLUSION: Pain severity significantly influenced OHRQoL, in adult patients under treatment with clear aligners. However, high levels of patient satisfaction were reported, regardless of pain duration or severity.

Evaluation of the success of predicted dental changes with clear-aligner treatment: A pilot study.

Objective: This pilot study concerned evaluation of the success of predicted dental changes in patients presenting with Class I malocclusions who were submitted to treatment aligners, using the superimposition. Methods: The digital models were superimposed and analyzed using 3DSlicer 5.0 software. Treatment and predicted changes regarding horizontal and vertical linear displacements, mesiodistal rotations, and incisor buccolingual tipping were quantified. The success rates were calculated by dividing the mean treatment change amount by the predicted change amount. Results: Lower-incisor intrusion was the most accurate of the predicted vertical displacements (86.96 %), and buccal expansion of upper canines (99.32 %) and mesial translation of the lower incisors (98.57 %) were the most accurate horizontal linear displacements. The predicted rotation was achieved with the highest accuracy for lower incisors (75.69 %). Incisor buccolingual tipping success rates ranged between 45.78 % and 69.31 %. Low accuracy of predicted changes was found for upper-molar extrusion (10.23 %) and constriction (8.91 %). However, minimal corrections in these directions were planned. Conclusions: Dental changes for all regions of maxillary and mandibular arches could be evaluated. High success rates were observed for most of the movements planned for ClearCorrect aligner therapy.

Using the Digital Flow to Increase Efficiency in Complex Partial Rehabilitation with Dental Implants.

BACKGROUND: This report presents a clinical case in which the CAD-CAM technology was applied to optimize a complex partial rehabilitation with implant-supported prostheses of a patient with several functional and aesthetic issues. Case presentation. A 40-year-old patient with several complaints due to the absence of multiple teeth and great dissatisfaction regarding his oral health was referred to a Dental College (Curitiba, Brazil). Guided surgery of 11 implants was planned. Digital flow and immediate loading protocol were applied. The patient was followed up for 2 years presenting good clinical and radiographic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The digital flow brought agility and precision to implant placement, immediate provisionalization added to satisfaction in the provisional phase, and CAD/CAM technology provided predictability and comfort to deliver the definite restorations.

Influence of risk factors on the long-term survival of oral rehabilitation with extra-narrow implants: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to retrospectively collect clinical data to evaluate the influence of possible risk factors on the long-term success of implant treatment with extra-narrow (2.9 mm diameter) implants in a daily dental practice setting. METHODOLOGY: Data were collected from records of patients who received at least one extra-narrow implant from 2012 to 2017, regarding implant survival, prosthesis survival, patient characteristics, and implant characteristics. The association between the dependent variables "implant survival", "prosthesis survival," and "adverse events" related to patient and implant characteristics was statistically evaluated by chi-square tests. Moreover, implant and prosthesis survival were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS: The sample was constituted of 58 patients (37 women and 21 men) with a mean age of 54.8 years old (SD: 12.5), followed up for up to eight years. In total, 86 extra-narrow implants were placed within this sample. Four implants were lost, resulting in an implant survival rate of 95.3%. A total of 55 prostheses were inserted and only one (1.8%) was lost, resulting in a prosthesis survival rate of 98.2%. The mean implant and prosthesis survival time was, respectively, 7.1 years and 6.3 years, according to the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. A correlation was found between smoking and implant loss, which makes implant loss eight times more likely to occur in smokers than non-smokers. A significant association was also found between prosthesis loss and previous need of prosthesis repair. However, it was not considered clinically relevant. No association was found between the occurrence of adverse events and later implant or prosthesis loss. CONCLUSION: High implant and prosthesis survival rates were found in the long term for treatment with extra-narrow implants. Moreover, a significant correlation between smoking and implant loss was observed.

Clinical and radiographic outcomes of maxillary lateral incisors rehabilitation using Morse taper connection extra-narrow implants at 12-month follow-up: A case report.

Narrow-diameter implants (≤3.5 mm) have been proposed to address the challenge of implant placement in cases of insufficient bone quantity, thin alveolar crest, and small cervical diameter teeth replacement The aim of this study is to report one-year outcomes of extra-narrow implant rehabilitation of maxillary lateral incisors, due to agenesis, in a young adult that presented sites with reduced mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions. A 26-year-old male patient in need of fixed-implant supported prostheses due to the absence of permanent maxillary lateral incisors and with limited space, was submitted to surgery to receive two 2.9 mm hybrid Morse taper connection implants with hydrophilic surfaces. Immediate loading was applied by means of insertion of provisional prostheses, which were replaced for all-ceramic prostheses 12 months after surgery. The 1 year follow-up showed clinical and radiographic success of extra-narrow implant rehabilitation. Also, both regions presented good evolution of peri-implant esthetics, as assesses using the pink esthetic score, with improvements at 4 months follow-up and reaching high scores 12 months after surgery. Although the prosthetic rehabilitation of maxillary lateral incisors is challenging due to limited space for the insertion of implants, the clinical case suggests that the use of extra-narrow Morse Taper implants with hybrid design and hydrophilic surface is a reliable alternative, presenting good outcomes regarding hard and soft tissue and it is a versatile solution or immediate loading procedure. Further studies are needed to confirm extra-narrow implant predictability.

Clinical and radiographic success of injection-molded 2-piece zirconia implants submitted to immediate loading: A 12-month report of two cases.

This case report describes the treatment of two patients who presented with single edentulous sites in the region of upper premolars and were rehabilitated through the placement of injection-molded 2-piece zirconia implants and immediate single crowns. Three months after surgery, definitive prostheses were confectioned through digital workflow. Both patients were followed for 12 months during which clinical and radiographic implant success were observed, concerning implant stability, absence of peri-implantitis signs, complete implant osseointegration, good marginal bone-level maintenance, and excellent soft tissue esthetics. No biological or mechanical complications were observed within this period.

Cephalometric radiographic comparison of alveolar bone height changes between adolescent and adult patients treated with premolar extractions: A retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: In orthodontic treatment, indication of dental extractions is very common and frequently used in adult patients. This situation is a recurrent concern among orthodontists, since age and extraction treatment are factors that may increase periodontal support loss. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate adolescent and adult patients, orthodontically treated with maxillary premolar extractions, and compare both groups regarding the changes in alveolar bone height loss, retrospectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five patients were selected from the files of an Orthodontic Department and divided into 2 groups. The adolescent group comprised 30 patients with a mean age of 12.7 years (SD=1.4) and the adult group comprised 25 patients with a mean age of 25.0 years (SD=1.8). Periapical radiographs obtained at pre-treatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) were evaluated. Wilcoxon tests were used to analyse intragroup treatment changes. Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare intergroup and inter-sex initial and final statuses and treatment changes. P<0.05 is considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: Statistically significant increases in alveolar bone height loss of the maxillary central incisors were observed on the right and left sides of the adolescent (P=0.001 and P=0.002, respectively) and of the adult (P=0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) groups, during treatment. There were no significant differences in alveolar bone height between initial and final state, in treatment effects between adolescent and adult patients, in extraction patterns, and between males and females. CONCLUSIONS: Significant increase in alveolar bone height loss was found in both adult and adolescent patients orthodontically treated with maxillary premolar extractions. However, no significant differences were found regarding alveolar bone height changes after extraction orthodontic treatment between adolescent and adult patients.

Peri-implant bone level assessment of early loaded dental implants submitted to different prosthetic protocols: a case report / Avaliação do nível ósseo peri-implantar de implantes dentários com carregamento antecipado submetidos a protocolos protéticos diferentes: relato de caso

Aim: The present split-mouth case report aims to describe the clinical and radiographic long-term outcomes of the implant rehabilitation of two mandibular premolars in which the digital workflow was used to apply different prosthetic protocols. Case description: A female 42-year-old patient with the absence of both mandibular second premolars was submitted to guided surgery for the placement of platform-switching Grand Morse connection implants. Digital workflow was used for implant and prosthetic planning, applying early loading protocol 21 days after surgery. The implant on the right side received the final abutment at the time of surgery (without loading), whereas the implant on the left side had a healing abutment placed, which was replaced by a temporary abutment and then by a final abutment. Two months after surgery, both implants had final ceramic restorations delivered. The patient was followed clinically and radiographically for 30 months, presenting excellent hard and soft tissue outcomes, with bone level changes lower than 2mm for both implants. Conclusion: The use of digital workflow and early loading, made the present implant-supported rehabilitation predictable, safe and time-efficient, resulting in total patient satisfaction. Peri-implant bone level was observed to be stable after early loading protocol for both platform-switching connection implants inserted, despite the prosthetic protocol applied.(AU)

Objetivo: O presente relato de caso de boca dividida tem como objetivo descrever os resultados clínicos e radiográficos a longo prazo da reabilitação com implante de dois pré-molares inferiores em que o fluxo de trabalho digital foi usado para aplicar os conceitos de "one abutment-one time" em uma das reabilitações e troca de componente no outro. Descrição do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 42 anos, com ausência de ambos os segundos pré-molares inferiores, foi submetida à cirurgia guiada para colocação de implantes de conexão Grand Morse plataforma-switching. Foi utilizado fluxo de trabalho digital para planejamento de implante e prótese, aplicando protocolo de carga antecipada 21 dias após a cirurgia. O implante do lado direito recebeu o componente protético definitivo no momento da cirurgia (sem carga), enquanto o implante do lado esquerdo recebeu um cicatrizador, que foi substituído por um pilar provisório e depois por um componente definitivo. Dois meses após a cirurgia, ambos os implantes tiveram restaurações cerâmicas finais entregues. A paciente foi acompanhada clínica e radiograficamente por 30 meses, apresentando excelentes resultados de tecidos duros emoles, com alterações do nível ósseo inferiores a 2mm para ambos os implantes. Conclusão: O fluxo de trabalho digital e carregamento precoce, tornou a presente reabilitação implantossuportada previsível, segura e eficiente em termos de tempo, resultando em total satisfação do paciente. O nível ósseo peri-implantar foi observado como estável após o protocolo de carregamento inicial para ambos os implantes de conexão plataforma-switching inseridos, independente do protocolo protético aplicado. (AU)

Influence of risk factors on the long-term survival of oral rehabilitation with extra-narrow implants: a retrospective study

Abstract Objective This study aimed to retrospectively collect clinical data to evaluate the influence of possible risk factors on the long-term success of implant treatment with extra-narrow (2.9 mm diameter) implants in a daily dental practice setting. Methodology Data were collected from records of patients who received at least one extra-narrow implant from 2012 to 2017, regarding implant survival, prosthesis survival, patient characteristics, and implant characteristics. The association between the dependent variables "implant survival", "prosthesis survival," and "adverse events" related to patient and implant characteristics was statistically evaluated by chi-square tests. Moreover, implant and prosthesis survival were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results The sample was constituted of 58 patients (37 women and 21 men) with a mean age of 54.8 years old (SD: 12.5), followed up for up to eight years. In total, 86 extra-narrow implants were placed within this sample. Four implants were lost, resulting in an implant survival rate of 95.3%. A total of 55 prostheses were inserted and only one (1.8%) was lost, resulting in a prosthesis survival rate of 98.2%. The mean implant and prosthesis survival time was, respectively, 7.1 years and 6.3 years, according to the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. A correlation was found between smoking and implant loss, which makes implant loss eight times more likely to occur in smokers than non-smokers. A significant association was also found between prosthesis loss and previous need of prosthesis repair. However, it was not considered clinically relevant. No association was found between the occurrence of adverse events and later implant or prosthesis loss. Conclusion High implant and prosthesis survival rates were found in the long term for treatment with extra-narrow implants. Moreover, a significant correlation between smoking and implant loss was observed.

Occlusal changes secondary to temporomandibular joint conditions: a critical review and implications for clinical practice.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article is to present the most commonly occlusal changes secondary to TMD. METHODS: The clinical presentation of these conditions is discussed. Details regarding diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients presenting TMD prior or during treatment are also presented. CONCLUSIONS: All plans for irreversible therapy should be preceded by a meticulous analysis of TMD signs and symptoms in such a way that patients are not submitted to irreversible treatment, based on an untrue occlusal relationship, secondary to articular and/or muscular disorders. When present, TMD symptoms must always be controlled to reestablish a "normal" occlusion and allow proper treatment strategy.

Surgical and Prosthetic Outcomes of 967 Implants Under Immediate or Delayed Loading in Full-Arch Rehabilitation: a Retrospective Study With up To 5 Years of Follow-Up / Resultados Cirúrgicos e Protéticos de 967 Implantes Submetidos à Carga Imediata ou Tardia Na Reabilitação de Arcos Completos: um Estudo Retrospectivo com Até 5 Anos de Acompanhamento

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate implant and prosthesis survival rates in full-arch rehabilitation supported by implants with platform-switched Morse taper connection submitted to immediate or delayed loading, after up to 5 years of follow-up. Material and Methods: Data was retrospectively collected from clinical records of patients who were treated by means of implant-supported full-arch rehabilitation. Survival rates of implants and prostheses were evaluated according to immediate or delayed loading. Results: The sample comprised 967 implants. Of those, 627 were submitted to immediate loading (IL) while 340 to delayed loading (DL). After a follow-up period of up to 5 years, the implant survival rate for IL was of 99.7% (622/627 implants) and 97.2% (333/340 implants) for DL. The overall implant survival rate was 98.8% (955/967 implants). Prosthesis survival rate was 100% (N = 178) for both groups. Significantly more implants in the DL group presented bone loss (p > 0.01), either greater or lower than 2 mm, during the follow-up period. Conclusion:Within their limits, the present results suggest that full-arch rehabilitation with platform-switched Morse taper connection implants can lead to surgical and prosthetic predictable outcomes. Moreover, immediate loading protocol seems to be a good option for the rehabilitation of fully edentulous patients, as it involves a shorter treatment time, which may lead to greater patient satisfaction. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as taxas de sobrevivência de implantes e próteses em reabilitações de arco completo suportadas por implantes de conexão cone Morse e platform switching submetidos à carga imediata ou tardia, após até 5 anos de acompanhamento. Material e Métodos: Os dados foram coletados retrospectivamente em prontuários clínicos de pacientes que foram tratados por meio de reabilitação de arco completo suportada por implantes. As taxas de sobrevivência de implantes e próteses foram avaliadas de acordo com a carga imediata ou tardia. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 967 implantes. Destes, 627 foram submetidos à carga imediata (IL) e 340 à carga tardia (DL). Após um período de acompanhamento de até 5 anos, a taxa de sobrevivência de implantes para IL foi de 99,7% (622/627 implantes) e de 97,2% (333/340 implantes) para DL. A taxa de sobrevivência geral dos implantes foi de 98,8% (955/967 implantes). Taxa de sobrevivência da prótese de 100% (N = 178) foi encontrada para ambos os grupos. Significantemente mais implantes no grupo DL apresentaram perda óssea (p > 0,01), seja maior ou menor que 2 mm, durante o período de acompanhamento. Conclusão: Os presentes resultados sugerem, dentro de seus limites, que a reabilitação de arco completo com implantes de conexão cone Morse e platform switching pode obter resultados cirúrgicos e protéticos previsíveis. Além disso, o protocolo de carga imediata parece ser uma boa opção para a reabilitação de pacientes totalmente edêntulos, pois envolve um menor tempo de tratamento, o que pode levar a uma maior satisfação do paciente (AU)

Occlusal changes secondary to temporomandibular joint conditions: a critical review and implications for clinical practice

ABSTRACT The relationship between Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and malocclusion is an extremely critical issue in dentistry. Contrary to the old concept that malocclusion causes TMD, occlusal changes, especially those observed as sudden, may be secondary and reflect joint or muscle disorders due to the obvious connection between these structures and the dental occlusion. Objectives The aim of this article is to present the most commonly occlusal changes secondary to TMD. Methods The clinical presentation of these conditions is discussed. Details regarding diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients presenting TMD prior or during treatment are also presented. Conclusions All plans for irreversible therapy should be preceded by a meticulous analysis of TMD signs and symptoms in such a way that patients are not submitted to irreversible treatment, based on an untrue occlusal relationship, secondary to articular and/or muscular disorders. When present, TMD symptoms must always be controlled to reestablish a “normal” occlusion and allow proper treatment strategy.

Estabilidade do tratamento não-cirúrgico da Classe III / Stability of nonsurgical treatment of Class III malocclusion

O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi avaliar a literatura disponível no que diz respeito à estabilidade a longo prazo do tratamento não cirúrgico e sem extrações da má oclusão de Classe III, ao final do crescimento craniofacial ativo. Foi conduzida uma busca na literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Central Cochrane de Cadastro de Ensaios Controlados, Scopus e Google Scholar até a primeira semana de Outubro de 2015. Os critérios de inclusão foram aplicados com o propósito de avaliar a estabilidade do tratamento da Classe III em pacientes acompanhados até o término do crescimento. Uma avaliação qualitativa dos estudos foi realizada. A busca identificou 220 artigos, dos quais 11 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Após a análise qualitativa, 10 estudos foram classificados como de valor moderado de evidência científica e serviram de base para as conclusões do presente estudo e 1 estudo foi classificado como de baixo valor de evidência. Com base nos estudos avaliados, quando pacientes Classe III foram acompanhados até o final do crescimento craniofacial ativo, o tratamento obteve resultados positivos em cerca de 54% a 88,5% dos indivíduos estudados. O fator de maior influência sobre o sucesso a longo prazo do tratamento da Classe III foi a quantidade e direção de crescimento mandibular durante e após a adolescência. A contenção ativa deve ser utilizada em pacientes em crescimento para evitar a recidiva da Classe III devido à tendência de crescimento anterior mandibular pós-tratamento.

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the available literature about long-term stability of nonsurgical and nonextraction Class III malocclusion treatment at the end of active craniofacial growth. A literature survey was performed until October of 2015 on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central of Controlled Trials, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were applied for the purpose of assessing the stability of Class III treatment in subjects followed-up until the end of growth. Qualitative assessment of the studies was performed. The search returned 220 articles from which 11 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. After qualitative assessment, 10 studies were classified as of moderate value of scientific evidence and served as a basis for the conclusions of the present study and one was graded as of low value of scientific evidence. Based on the studies assessed, when Class III subjects follow-up was performed until the end of active facial growth, the treatment presented successful outcomes in about 54% to 88.5% of subjects studied. The major factor that determined longterm success of Class III treatment was the amount and direction of mandibular growth during and after adolescence. The active retention should be used in subjects growing up to avoid Class III relapse, due to the tendency of anterior mandibular growth post-treatment.

Relação entre DTM e tratamento ortodôntico na visão de clínicos gerais, especialistas em Ortodontia e especialistas em Disfunção Temporomandibular e Dor Orofacial / Relationship between TMD and orthodontic treatment in the opinion of dental general practitioners, specialists in Orthodontics and specialists in TMD and Orofacial Pain

Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a visão de clínicos gerais (CG), especialistas em Ortodontia (EO) e especialistas em Disfunção Temporomandibular e Dor Orofacial (EDTM), por meio de questionário, quanto à inter-relação tratamento ortodôntico e DTM. Métodos: foi enviado questionário via correio eletrônico a 9.490 cirurgiões-dentistas de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Resultados: dos 132 profissionais que responderam à pesquisa, 75% relatou examinar, usualmente, seus pacientes quanto a sinais e sintomas de DTM previamente ao tratamento odontológico. A maioria dos profissionais (55%) afirmou acreditar que tratamento ortodôntico pode prevenir DTM; 68% dos EDTM não concordam com essa opinião. A maior parte (62%) associou tratamento ortodôntico à causa da DTM e não acredita que Ortodontia possa tratar a referida desordem (56%). A maioria dos CG (64%), no entanto, considera que se pode tratar DTM por meio de Ortodontia. Conclusão: a maioria dos profissionais acredita que tratamento ortodôntico pode prevenir DTM, mas que, ao mesmo tempo, não pode curar e pode ainda causar tal desordem. Foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação às respostas das três áreas de interesse (CG, EO e EDTM).