[Self-reported hearing loss and visual impairment in adults from Central Mexico]. / Autorreporte de pérdida auditiva y discapacidad visual en adultos del centro de México.

OBJECTIVE: To determinate the prevalence of hearing loss (HL) and visual impairment (VI) among adult population from Tlaxcala, Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A populationbased cross-sectional study comprising persons 50 years and older was conducted in 2013. Self-reported HL was measured using the Hearing Impairment Inventory for the Elderly (SHIIE) questionnaire; VI was determined using the Snellen tumbling E chart. RESULTS: 900 women and 611 men (mean age 66.1 years) were included. 481(31.8%) individuals had HL (415 alone and 66 combined with VI). Prevalence of HL alone and together with VI was associated with age (per two years, OR=1.03 and OR=1.18, respectively) and self-reported poor health status (OR=1.90 and OR=3.69, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of these disabilities calls for the implementation of public health interventions that help to reduce its impact in the population.

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de discapacidad auditiva (DA) y visual (DV) en adultos del estado de Tlaxcala, México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal de base poblacional realizado en 2013 que incluye sujetos ≥50 años de edad. La DA se evaluó por autorreporte con el cuestionario Hearing Impairment Inventory for the Elderly (SHIIE); la DV se midió usando la cartilla E rotatoria de Snellen. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 900 mujeres y 611 hombres (media=66.1 años). El 31.8% (481) tenía DA (415 sola y 66 con DV). La prevalencia de DA sola o con DV se asoció con edad (por cada dos años, RM=1.03 y RM=1.18, respectivamente) y con autorreporte del estado de salud deficiente (RM=1.90 y RM=3.69, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: Se requiere la implementación de intervenciones en salud pública que reduzcan el impacto de estas dos condiciones en la población.

Dry eye symptoms and associated risk factors among adults aged 50 or more years in Central Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of dry eye symptoms (DES) and associated risk factors among adults in Tlaxcala, Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study that included 1 508 individuals aged ≥50 years who answered the Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ5), with a score ranging between 0 and 22; the following categories were defined: no DES (<6); mild-moderate DES (6 to 11) and severe DES (≥12). RESULTS: The prevalence of DES was 41.1% (95%CI 38.6-43.6), and was higher in women (OR=2.26, 95%IC 1.70-3.00), in individuals with smoking index of <10 (OR=1.40, 95%CI 1.05-1.87) and ≥10 pack-years (OR=2.29, 95%CI 1.44-3.63), compared to never-smokers, subjects with history of ever consuming alcohol (OR=1.31, 95%CI 1.02-1.70), and those receiving antihypertensive treatment (OR=1.29, 95%CI 1.00-1.65). CONCLUSIONS: Dry eye symptoms were highly prevalent in the study population and were associated with sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and antihypertensive medications.

Neotropical genera of Naucoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha): new species of Placomerus and Procryphocricos from Guyana and Venezuela.

The Neotropical fauna of saucer bugs (Naucoridae) currently includes four monotypic genera. Recent extensive collecting in Venezuela has produced three new species in two of these genera. In addition, undetermined Guyanan specimens of one of the new species were found in the United States National Museum of Natural History. Thus, described here are Placomerus obscuratus n. sp. from Guyana and Venezuela with brachypterous and macropterous hindwing forms, and two species of Procryphocricos from Venezuela. Procryphocricos quiu n. sp. is described from the brachypterous forewing form and Procryphocricos macoita n. sp. from both brachypterous and macropterous forms. Previously described species also are discussed.

A mixed longitudinal anthropometric study of craniofacial growth of Colombian mestizos 6-17 years of age.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the craniofacial growth of Colombian mestizos. Four age cohorts, including a total of 458 children and adolescents (262 males and 216 females), were included in this mixed-longitudinal study. The cohorts were first measured at ages 6, 9, 12, and 15 and every year thereafter for 3 years. Eight anthropometric measurements were taken, including three cranial (head perimeter, head width, and head length), two craniofacial (maxillary and mandibular length), and three facial (face height, bizygomatic width, and bigonial width). Multilevel analyses showed that all dimensions increased between 6 and 17 years of age. The cranium grew less than the craniofacial, which in turn grew less than the facial dimensions. In addition, vertical dimensions showed more growth than antero-posterior dimensions, which in turn grew more than transverse dimensions. None of the measurement showed statistically significant growth differences between subjects with normal occlusion and Class I or Class II malocclusions. Males were generally larger than females and showed greater growth rates. Except for facial width, whose yearly velocities decreased regularly with age, an adolescent growth spurt was evident for most of the male measurements. Yearly velocities for females followed a simpler decelerating pattern. The results provide reference data for Colombian mestizos, for whom normative data of other ethnic groups are not applicable. While occlusion had little or no effect, there were gender differences, as well as important growth differences between cranial and facial measurements.

Recycled Mortars with Ceramic Aggregates. Pore Network Transmutation and Its Relationship with Physical and Mechanical Properties.

The porosity of mortars with recycled ceramic aggregates (10, 20, 30, 50, and 100% as a replacement of natural aggregate) was evaluated and analyzed using three different techniques. The results of gas adsorption (N2), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image analysis and open porosity allowed establishing the relationship between the recycled aggregate content and the porosity of these mortars, as well as the relationship between porosity and the physical and mechanical properties of the mortars: absorption, density, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and drying shrinkage. Using the R2 coefficient and the equation typology as criteria, additional data such as Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area (N2 adsorption) established significant correlations with the mentioned properties; with SEM image analysis, no explanatory relationships could be established; and with open porosity, revealing relationships were established (R2 > 0.9). With the three techniques, it was confirmed that the increase in porosity is related to the increase in the amount of ceramic aggregate; in particular with gas adsorption (N2) and open porosity. It was concluded that the open porosity technique can explain the behavior of these recycled mortars with more reliable data, in a simple and direct way, linked to its establishment with a more representative sample of the mortar matrix.

Gastric infiltration of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: endoscopic diagnosis and improvement of lesions after chemotherapy.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common histologic subtype of the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) accounting for about 40% of all NHLs. This is a case report about the endoscopic appearance of a DLBCL with infiltration to the stomach in a 39-year-old female. She had a 6-mo history of lumbar and left upper quadrant pain with intermittent episodes of melena. A computer tomograghy (CT) scan showed mural thickening of the gastric antrum. Endoscopic examination revealed multiple gastric ulcers. Definite diagnosis could be made by endoscopic biopsies and the patient had a good response to chemotherapy. This response correlated well with a further endoscopic follow-up. A follow-up endoscopic examination could be considered to evaluate a good response to chemotherapy in DLBCL patients with secondary gastric dissemination.

Chronic inflammatory and degenerative endometrial lesions in subfertile Criollo Limonero cattle; a B. taurus Latin-American breed threatened with extinction; A case-control study.

Criollo Limonero is a tropical Bos taurus breed for sustainable dual purpose (milk and beef) production in the South-American tropics, which is currently threatened with extinction. The objective was to perform a clinical evaluation and histopathological assessment of uterine biopsy samples of repeat breeder (RB) Criollo Limonero cattle to determine the occurrence of pathological conditions as potential causes of subfertility. Twenty-four Criollo Limonero cattle [18 cows (5-13 years old) and 6 heifers (6-7.5 years old)] that had failed to conceive after four or more services were considered for this study. Additionally, five cows with history of adequate reproductive performance were used as a control group. Animals were submitted to physical exam, vaginoscopy, and ultrasonographical evaluation of the reproductive tract. Uterine biopsy samples were collected for histopathological evaluation. Vaginoscopy revealed that 41.7% of the RB cattle had abnormal vaginal secretions, while abnormal secretions were not observed in any control cow. Ultrasonographical examination of the uterus revealed the presence of free uterine fluid in 20.8% of the RB animals, while none of the control cows had fluid in the uterine lumen. In addition, ovarian cysts were observed in 25.0% of the RB animals. Histopathological evaluation of the endometrial biopsies revealed that mononuclear leukocyte infiltration, dilated uterine glands, and periglandular fibrosis were the most prevalent lesions in the sub-fertile animals. Chronic endometritis characterized by inflammatory (mononuclear leukocyte infiltration) and degenerative (dilated glands and periglandular fibrosis) endometrial lesions, and ovarian cysts were the most frequent reproductive pathologies observed in the studied subfertile Criollo Limonero cattle, suggesting a strong association with their reduced fertility.

Endoscopic treatment of high-risk bleeding ulcers: success, rebleeding and mortality.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Endoscopic treatment of peptic ulcers with high-risk stigmata has been probed. The rates of recurrent bleeding, need for emergent surgery and death are related to Forrest Classification, Blatchford's modified risk score and the kind of endoscopic treatment used (monotherapy vs. dual). The aims of the present study were to report the success of endoscopic therapy in the reduction of the rate of initial success, recurrent bleeding, the need for surgery, and the mortality rate for patients with bleeding peptic ulcer and high-risk stigmata. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From a retrospective view, patients seen from September 2004 to March 2007 who had peptic ulcers Forrest Ia, Ib, IIa and/or IIb were included. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were included (mean [SD] age 57.3 +/-16.6 years). The success rate was 91%, whilst the rest of the patients required immediate surgery. Recurrent bleeding was presented in 14 (27%) patients and eight (14.2%) required emergency surgery. The mortality rate was 3.6%. No factors were associated with the risk of failure to initial treatment, recurrent bleeding or need for surgery. The use of monotherapy by endoscopy was associated with the mortality. The variable "performed by a fellow alone" was not associated with any kind of outcome. CONCLUSION: Complication rate is similar to previous reports of general hospitals, but is higher than those of referral centers. Endoscopic monotherapy is associated with a major mortality risk.

[The cold tuberculous abscess. A forgotten entity? Considerations based on an autopsy case]. / El absceso frío tuberculoso. Entidad olvidada? Consideraciones a propósito de un caso de autopsia.

UNLABELLED: We present the clinical case of a 28-year old male with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in absence of HIV infection; who also presented a left iliac psoas abscess of torpid evolution simulating an strangulated hernia and died of a sepsis due to colonic perforations by anaerobics and E. histolytica. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Histological sections of the autopsy were studied with hematoxilin-eosin, Gram and Ziehl-Neelsen stains. RESULTS: Autopsy study showed bilateral cavitated tuberculosis, Pott disease of thoracic spine and a cold tuberculous abscess on both psoas muscle and the lower third of the left thigh. Descending colonic perforation were identified, the responsible microorganism were Staphylococcus albus, Klebsiella sp, and E. coli.

Self-reported hearing loss and visual impairment in adults from Central Mexico / Autorreporte de pérdida auditiva y discapacidad visual en adultos del centro de México

Abstract: Objective: To determinate the prevalence of hearing loss (HL) and visual impairment (VI) among adult population from Tlaxcala, Mexico. Materials and methods: A population-based cross-sectional study comprising persons 50 years and older was conducted in 2013. Self-reported HL was measured using the Hearing Impairment Inventory for the Elderly (SHIIE) questionnaire; VI was determined using the Snellen tumbling E chart. Results: 900 women and 611 men (mean age 66.1 years) were included. 481(31.8%) individuals had HL (415 alone and 66 combined with VI). Prevalence of HL alone and together with VI was associated with age (per two years, OR=1.03 and OR=1.18, respectively) and self-reported poor health status (OR=1.90 and OR=3.69, respectively). Conclusion: The high prevalence of these disabilities calls for the implementation of public health interventions that help to reduce its impact in the population.

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de discapacidad auditiva (DA) y visual (DV) en adultos del estado de Tlaxcala, México. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal de base poblacional realizado en 2013 que incluye sujetos ≥50 años de edad. La DA se evaluó por autorreporte con el cuestionario Hearing Impairment Inventory for the Elderly (SHIIE); la DV se midió usando la cartilla E rotatoria de Snellen. Resultados: Se evaluaron 900 mujeres y 611 hombres (media=66.1 años). El 31.8% (481) tenía DA (415 sola y 66 con DV). La prevalencia de DA sola o con DV se asoció con edad (por cada dos años, RM=1.03 y RM=1.18, respectivamente) y con autorreporte del estado de salud deficiente (RM=1.90 y RM=3.69, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Se requiere la implementación de intervenciones en salud pública que reduzcan el impacto de estas dos condiciones en la población.

Dry eye symptoms and associated risk factors among adults aged 50 or more years in Central Mexico / Síntomas de ojo seco y factores de riesgo asociados en adultos de 50 años y más del Centro de México

Abstract: Objective: To determine the prevalence of dry eye symptoms (DES) and associated risk factors among adults in Tlaxcala, Mexico. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional population-based study that included 1 508 individuals aged ≥50 years who answered the Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5), with a score ranging between 0 and 22; the following categories were defined: no DES (<6); mild-moderate DES (6 to 11) and severe DES (≥12). Results: The prevalence of DES was 41.1% (95%CI 38.6-43.6), and was higher in women (OR=2.26, 95%IC 1.70-3.00), in individuals with smoking index of <10 (OR=1.40, 95%CI 1.05-1.87) and ≥10 pack-years (OR=2.29, 95%CI 1.44-3.63), subjects with history of ever consuming alcohol (OR=1.31, 95%CI 1.02-1.70), and those receiving antihypertensive treatment (OR=1.29, 95%CI 1.00-1.65). Conclusion: Dry eye symptoms were highly prevalent in the study population and were associated with sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and antihypertensive medications.

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de síntomas de ojo seco y factores de riesgo asociados en población adulta de Tlaxcala, México. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de base poblacional con 1 508 individuos ≥50 años que respondieron el Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5) y se definieron las siguientes categorías: sin síntomas (<6); síntomas leve-moderado (6 a11) y síntomas severos (≥12). Resultados: La prevalencia de síntomas de ojo seco fue de 41.1% (IC95% 38.6-43.6); fue mayor en mujeres (OR=2.26, IC95% 1.70-3.00), en individuos con índice de tabaquismo <10 (OR=1.40, IC95% 1.05-1.87) y ≥10 paquetes-año (OR=2.29, IC95% 1.44-3.63), en sujetos con historia de consumo de alcohol (OR=1.31, IC95%1.02-1.70) y en aquellos con tratamiento antihipertensivo (OR=1.29, IC95% 1.00-1.65). Conclusión: La frecuencia de síntomas de ojo seco fue altamente prevalente en la población de estudio y se asoció con sexo, tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol y medicamentos antihipertensivos.

Hallazgos patológicos del tracto reproductivo en cerdas de descarte en Venezuela

En el avance hacia la obtención de la productividad del rebaño, es fundamental el adecuado conocimiento tanto de la anatomía como de la fisiología de la reproducción porcina. Dentro de la producción, uno de los parámetros que incide con mayor relevancia en la productividad es el número de lechones destetados por cerda por año, ya que de él depende el número final de cerdos que va a matadero. Este parámetro va a estar influenciado directamente por el desempeño reproductivo del rebaño de cría. Las fallas reproductivas son una de las principales causas de descarte, de ahí que el examen de los órganos reproductivos es una herramienta de gran valor diagnóstico en el manejo reproductivo porcino. La evaluación de estos órganos provee de una serie de datos sobre las posibles causas de falla reproductiva y a su vez, va a permitir tomar medidas correctivas a nivel de rebaño. En Venezuela, no existen reportes que describan los hallazgos patológicos observados en cerdas de descarte. De aquí que se plantea como objetivo general de esta investigación describir cuáles eran los hallazgos patológicos presentes en el tracto reproductivo de cerdas a través del análisis de muestras recolectadas en un matadero industrial del estado Aragua. Se evaluó un total de 125 tractos reproductivos encontrándose diferentes hallazgos macroscópicos en 23 animales (18,4%), desglosándose los mismos de la manera siguiente: 8,94% (11/123) de animales con ovarios inactivos o anestro (sin cuerpos lúteos ni folículos o con folículos con un diámetro < 5 mm), 13,01% (16/123) presentaron quistes en los ovarios, 5,6% (7/125) mostraron úteros con material purulento y de éstos en uno se encontró un feto retenido en proceso de descomposición y otro con ausencia de oviducto (cuerno ciego); en 17,6% (22/125) de los animales se evidenció procesos inflamatorios compatibles con cuadros de endometritis.

Pathological Findings of the Reproductive Tract from Culled Sows in Venezuela Abstract In order to advance towards the attainment of productivity in swine production, the adequate knowledge of the anatomy, as well as of the reproductive physiology of the sow is essential. In terms of production, one of the parameters that greatly influence productivity is the number of pigs weaned by sow per year, as this parameter determines the number of pigs delivered to the market. This parameter is directly influenced by the reproductive performance of the herd. Reproductive failure is one of the major causes of culling sows; therefore, a thorough examination of the reproductive tract is a valuable diagnostic tool in swine reproductive management. The evaluation of these organs provides us with a series of data on the possible causes of reproductive failure. At the same time, such an evaluation, will allow us to take corrective measures in the herd. In Venezuela, there is no available data describing the pathological findings observed in the reproductive tract of culled sows. The purpose of this investigation was to describe the pathological findings that affect the reprodcutive tract of culled sows. Samples were collected from a slaughterhouse, located in the State of Aragua, Venezuela. A total of 125 reproductive tracts was collected. Results of this investigation show that only 23 animals (18.4%)exhibited abnormal findings which were classified as follows: 8.94% (11/123) sows with inactive ovaries or anestro (neither corpora lutea nor follicles, or follicles with a diameter < 5 mm); 13.01% (16/123) had evidence of ovarian cysts, and 5.6% (7/125) showed uteri with purulent material: one had a retained fetus in decomposition process, and another lacked an oviduct (blind horn); 17.6% of the animals showed inflammatory processess compatible with endometritis.

Dirofilariosis en caninos: estudio anatomopatológico de 15 casos / Canine dirofilariosis: a pathologic anatomy study of 15 cases

El objetivo del presente estudio es reportar los cambios anatomopatológicos que ocurren en la dirofilariosis canina en su forma cardiopulmonar así como los daños relevantes que se producen en órganos vitales en la forma sistémica en caninos. La dirofilariosis canina también llamada enfermedad del gusano del corazón, es una enfermedad parasitaria producida por el nemátodo Dirofilaria inmitis que ocurre con una alta prevalencia a nivel mundial y constituye uno de los problemas patológicos más relevantes en el ámbito de la cría de caninos. La patogénesis de la enfermedad es bien conocida y sus cambios anatomopatológicos han sido bien documentados en otros países. En Venezuela se ha reportado la enfermedad con sus aspectos clínicos pero los cambios relevantes, tanto macroscópicos como la histopatología, no han recibido la atención que merecen. Quince caninos, 8 machos y 7 hembras de diferentes razas y entre 5 y 14 años de edad fueron necropsiados. Los cambios macro y microscópicos en órganos y tejidos de corazón, pulmón, bazo, hígado y riñon más relevantes son reportados. Se realizaron frotis sanguíneos detectándose la presencia de microfilarias con sus características típicas y se realizó la evaluación morfológica de parásitos adultos.

Evaluación endoscópica de la mucosa gástrica del canino después de la administración oral de ácido acetil-salicílico en dosis terapéuticas durante 28 días / Canine gastric mucosal endoscopic evaluation after oral acetil-salicylic acid administration at therapeutic doses during 28 days

La mucosa gástrica de 18 caninos sanos fue examinada con un gastroscopio cada 7 días, durante la administración oral de ácido acetil-salicílico (aspirina) dos veces al día por un período de 28 días. Los caninos fueron divididos en 3 grupos, cada grupo constituido por seis. El grupo A como grupo control al cual no se le administró tratamiento. El grupo B al cual se le administró aspirina a dosis de 10mg/kg. El grupo C quienes recibieron una dosis de 20mg/kg. Los signos clínicos observados fueron anorexia y hematemesis, este último estuvo presente en un solo canino. Las lesiones gástricas fueron observadas sólo en los grupos B y C, las cuales aparecieron como lesiones petequiales, de petequiales a víbices, víbices, víbices a esquimóticas y úlcera. Utilizando el modelo estadístico de Kruskall-Wallis se observó que la presencia de lesiones en los grupos experimentales B y C con respecto al grupo control se debieron a la administración de aspirina. De acuerdo al modelo estadístico U de Mann-Whitney con respecto a la presencia de lesiones entre grupos B y C, no hubo diferencia significativa, es decir, ambas dosis ocasionaron efectos similares. Con respecto a la ubicación de la lesión las mismas fueron observadas en el cardias, cuerpo, fundus, antro, píloro e incisura angularis