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The conflict of interest declaration was published incorrectly in the original version.
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The goal of this article is to provide recommendations about the management of kidney cancer. Based on pathologic and molecular features, several kidney cancer variants were described. Nephron-sparing techniques are the gold standard of localized disease. After a randomized trial, sunitinib could be considered in adjuvant treatment in high-risk patients. Patients with advanced disease constitute a heterogeneous population. Prognostic classification should be considered. Both sunitinib and pazopanib are the standard options for first-line systemic therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Based on the results of two randomized trials, both nivolumab and cabozantinib should be considered the standard for second and further lines of therapy. Response evaluation for present therapies is a challenge.
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Carcinoma de Células Renais/terapia , Neoplasias Renais/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renais/patologiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The aims of this study: (1) To evaluate the relative contributions of genetics and environment to perfectionism and it's two constructs: self-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism. (2) To clarify genetic and environmental common origins of both personal and social components. METHODS: Participants were 258 pairs of adolescent Spanish twins. Socially prescribed and self-oriented perfectionism were assessed using the perfectionism subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory. STATISTICS: univariate and bivariate twin models, according to sex. Results; Heritability of self-oriented perfectionism was 23% in boys and 30% in girls, and of socially prescribed perfectionism 39% in boys and 42% in girls. Bivariate analysis suggested a common genetic and environmental pathway model. The genetic correlation between both perfectionisms was 0.981 in boys and 0.704 in girls. The non-shared environmental correlation was 0.254 in boys and 0.259 in girls. Conclusions; genetic influences on perfectionism are moderate during adolescence. Our results point toward a shared genetic component underlying both kind of perfectionism. These findings generate doubts about the hypothesis of a leading role of genetics in the pathogenesis of Self-oriented perfectionism and of environment in socially prescribed. The high genetic correlation seems to indicate that self-oriented and socially prescribed are the same dimension of perfectionism.
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Personalidade/genética , Autoimagem , Gêmeos , Adolescente , Feminino , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Meio Social , EspanhaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Cognitive processing differences based on attentional biases of words pertaining to eating disorders were investigated. We performed a computerized Stroop color-naming task in which the subjects named the colors of four word groups (food-related, eating disorders behaviours-related, emotional and neutral) to measure differences in the processing of these stimuli. METHOD: Participants were 144 females with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or a combination of both) and 172 female controls. RESULTS: In agreement with predictions, the three eating disorder groups were significantly slower than the controls in identifying the color of all word groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate the existence of biases in stimuli processing related with eating behavior disorders.
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Anorexia Nervosa/psicologia , Atenção , Bulimia/psicologia , Cognição , Adolescente , Adulto , Anorexia Nervosa/diagnóstico , Anorexia Nervosa/reabilitação , Bulimia/diagnóstico , Bulimia/reabilitação , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Alimentos , Hospitalização , Humanos , VocabulárioRESUMO
This study reports the Spanish version of a new scale for the assessment of body image, developed by Gardner, Stark, Jackson and Friedman (1999). A silhouette method was used as a self-evaluation measure of schematic ideal body size within three groups of women: anorexia nervosa (n= 57), bulimia nervosa (n=57) and normal control (n=168). The results showed that, considering the body mass index as covariant of the results, the clinical groups formed by anorexic and bulimic patients judged their current body size as significantly greater than the control group. In the same way, the clinical groups judged their ideal body size significantly thinner than that considered by the control group. We can conclude that this scale for assessment is a sensitive psychometrical measure of the body image.