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1.
Clin Infect Dis ; 69(8): 1353-1359, 2019 09 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30561554

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Since their emergence in the Americas, chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses co-circulate with dengue virus (DENV), hampering clinical diagnosis. We investigated clinical and epidemiological characteristics of arboviral infections during the introduction and spread of CHIKV and ZIKV through northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Surveillance for arboviral diseases among febrile patients was performed at an emergency health unit of Salvador, Brazil, between September 2014 and July 2016. We interviewed patients to collect data on symptoms, reviewed medical records to obtain the presumptive diagnoses, and performed molecular and serological testing to confirm DENV, CHIKV, ZIKV, or nonspecific flavivirus (FLAV) diagnosis. RESULTS: Of 948 participants, 247 (26.1%) had an acute infection, of which 224 (23.6%) were single infections (DENV, 32 [3.4%]; CHIKV, 159 [16.7%]; ZIKV, 13 [1.4%]; and FLAV, 20 [2.1%]) and 23 (2.4%) coinfections (DENV/CHIKV, 13 [1.4%]; CHIKV/FLAV, 9 [0.9%]; and DENV/ZIKV, 1 [0.1%]). An additional 133 (14.0%) patients had serological evidence for a recent arboviral infection. Patients with ZIKV presented with rash and pruritus (69.2% each) more frequently than those with DENV (37.5% and 31.2%, respectively) and CHIKV (22.9% and 14.7%, respectively) (P < .001 for both comparisons). Conversely, arthralgia was more common in CHIKV (94.9%) and FLAV/CHIKV (100.0%) than in DENV (59.4%) and ZIKV (53.8%) (P < .001). A correct presumptive clinical diagnosis was made for 9%-23% of the confirmed patients. CONCLUSIONS: Arboviral infections are frequent causes of febrile illness. Coinfections are not rare events during periods of intense, concomitant arboviral transmission. Given the challenge to clinically distinguish these infections, there is an urgent need for rapid, point-of-care, multiplex diagnostics.


Assuntos
Febre de Chikungunya/transmissão , Vírus Chikungunya/fisiologia , Vírus da Dengue/fisiologia , Dengue/transmissão , Infecção por Zika virus/transmissão , Zika virus/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/virologia , Coinfecção , Dengue/epidemiologia , Dengue/virologia , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Feminino , Febre , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/virologia
2.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 114: e180597, 2019 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30843962

RESUMO

A localized Chikungunya virus (CHIKV; East/Central/South African genotype) outbreak (50 cases, 70% laboratory-confirmed; attack rate: 5.3 confirmed cases/100 people) occurred in a Salvador, Brazil neighborhood, between Apr-Jun/2017. Highly clustered cases in space and time, mostly along a single street, highlight an increased risk of CHIKV transmission among pockets of susceptible populations. This finding underscores the need for ongoing local level surveillance for arboviral outbreaks.


Assuntos
Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Vírus Chikungunya , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/diagnóstico , Febre de Chikungunya/virologia , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Vírus Chikungunya/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Estações do Ano , Adulto Jovem
4.
Virol J ; 15(1): 108, 2018 07 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30005683

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Serologic detection of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections is challenging because of antigenic similarities among flaviviruses. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of commercial ZIKV IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits. METHODS: We used sera from febrile patients with RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection to determine sensitivity and sera from RT-PCR-confirmed dengue cases and blood donors, both of which were collected before ZIKV epidemics in Brazil (2009-2011 and 2013, respectively) to determine specificity. RESULTS: The ZIKV IgM-ELISA positivity among RT-PCR ZIKV confirmed cases was 0.0% (0/14) and 12.5% (1/8) for acute- and convalescent-phase sera, respectively, while its specificity was 100.0% (58/58) and 98.3% (58/59) for acute- and convalescent-phase sera of dengue patients, and 100.0% (23/23) for blood donors. The ZIKV IgG-ELISA sensitivity was 100.0% (6/6) on convalescent-phase sera from RT-PCR confirmed ZIKV patients, while its specificity was 27.3% (15/55) on convalescent-phase sera from dengue patients and 45.0% (9/20) on blood donors' sera. The ZIKV IgG-ELISA specificity among dengue confirmed cases was much greater among patients with primary dengue (92.3%; 12/13), compared to secondary dengue (7.1%; 3/42). CONCLUSIONS: In a setting of endemic dengue transmission, the ZIKV IgM-ELISA had high specificity, but poor sensitivity. In contrast, the ZIKV IgG-ELISA showed low specificity, particularly for patients previously exposed to dengue infections. This suggests that this ZIKV IgM-ELISA is not useful in confirming a diagnosis of ZIKV infection in suspected patients, whereas the IgG-ELISA is more suitable for ZIKV diagnosis among travelers, who reside in areas free of flavivirus transmission, rather than for serosurveys in dengue-endemic areas.


Assuntos
Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulina M/imunologia , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnóstico , Infecção por Zika virus/imunologia , Zika virus/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto Jovem , Zika virus/genética , Infecção por Zika virus/virologia
5.
Euro Surveill ; 22(24)2017 Jun 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28661391

RESUMO

We describe a series of 15 Haff disease cases from an outbreak in Salvador, Brazil, starting early December 2016. Eleven cases were grouped in four family clusters of two to four individuals, four were isolated cases. All but one patient consumed cooked fish; 11 within 24h before symptoms onset. Cases consumed 'Olho de Boi' (Seriola spp.) and 'Badejo' (Mycteroperca spp.). A total of 67 cases were detected, the last case was reported on 5 April 2017.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Peixes , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/epidemiologia , Mialgia/etiologia , Alimentos Marinhos/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/diagnóstico , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mialgia/diagnóstico , Água do Mar , Adulto Jovem
6.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 22(10): 1788-92, 2016 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27448188

RESUMO

Sequencing of isolates from patients in Bahia, Brazil, where most Zika virus cases in Brazil have been reported, resulted in 11 whole and partial Zika virus genomes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a well-supported Bahia-specific Zika virus lineage, which indicates sustained Zika virus circulation in Salvador, Bahia's capital city, since mid-2014.


Assuntos
Infecção por Zika virus/virologia , Zika virus/classificação , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , DNA Viral , Feminino , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Masculino , Tipagem Molecular , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Zika virus/genética , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia
7.
J Clin Microbiol ; 54(9): 2348-53, 2016 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27413190

RESUMO

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of samples from 15 patients with documented Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in Bahia, Brazil, from April 2015 to January 2016 identified coinfections with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in 2 of 15 ZIKV-positive cases by PCR (13.3%). While generally nonspecific, the clinical presentation corresponding to these two CHIKV/ZIKV coinfections reflected infection by the virus present at a higher titer. Aside from CHIKV and ZIKV, coinfections of other viral pathogens were not detected. The mNGS approach is promising for differential diagnosis of acute febrile illness and identification of coinfections, although targeted arbovirus screening may be sufficient in the current ZIKV outbreak setting.


Assuntos
Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Vírus Chikungunya/isolamento & purificação , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Metagenômica/métodos , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Zika virus/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/diagnóstico , Febre de Chikungunya/virologia , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Coinfecção/diagnóstico , Coinfecção/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Zika virus/genética , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnóstico , Infecção por Zika virus/virologia
8.
Viruses ; 15(6)2023 05 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37376536

RESUMO

The Americas, particularly Brazil, were greatly impacted by the widespread Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in 2015 and 2016. Efforts were made to implement genomic surveillance of ZIKV as part of the public health responses. The accuracy of spatiotemporal reconstructions of the epidemic spread relies on the unbiased sampling of the transmission process. In the early stages of the outbreak, we recruited patients exhibiting clinical symptoms of arbovirus-like infection from Salvador and Campo Formoso, Bahia, in Northeast Brazil. Between May 2015 and June 2016, we identified 21 cases of acute ZIKV infection and subsequently recovered 14 near full-length sequences using the amplicon tiling multiplex approach with nanopore sequencing. We performed a time-calibrated discrete phylogeographic analysis to trace the spread and migration history of the ZIKV. Our phylogenetic analysis supports a consistent relationship between ZIKV migration from Northeast to Southeast Brazil and its subsequent dissemination beyond Brazil. Additionally, our analysis provides insights into the migration of ZIKV from Brazil to Haiti and the role Brazil played in the spread of ZIKV to other countries, such as Singapore, the USA, and the Dominican Republic. The data generated by this study enhances our understanding of ZIKV dynamics and supports the existing knowledge, which can aid in future surveillance efforts against the virus.


Assuntos
Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Humanos , Zika virus/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Filogenia , América/epidemiologia
10.
Int J Infect Dis ; 105: 608-616, 2021 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33684559

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To investigate risk factors for persistent arthralgia in patients with chikungunya, and describe its impact on daily activities. METHODS: From September 2014 to July 2016, a surveillance study enrolled patients with acute febrile illness in Salvador, Brazil, and detected those with chikungunya virus infection using IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Telephone follow-ups were performed to ascertain the progression of disease. RESULTS: Of 153 followed cases, 65 (42.5%) reported chronic arthralgia that lasted >3 months, and 47 (30.7%) were still symptomatic at the time of the interview (approximately 1.5 years after symptom onset). Limitations in daily activities and mental distress were reported by 93.8% and 61.5% of those with chronic arthralgia, respectively. Female sex [risk ratio (RR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.95-2.69] and age (RR 1.02 for each 1-year increase, 95% CI 1.01-1.03) were independent risk factors for chronic arthralgia. Chronic arthralgia was not associated with co-infection with dengue virus (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.48-1.94) or chikungunya viral load at diagnosis (median chikungunya virus RNA of 5.60 and 5.52 log10 copies/µL for those with and without chronic arthralgia, respectively; P = 0.75). CONCLUSIONS: These findings reinforce the high frequency of chronic chikungunya arthralgia, and highlight the substantial disability associated with the persistence of pain. Development of novel strategies to mitigate the transmission of chikungunya virus and to provide long-term medical assistance for patients with chikungunya are needed urgently.


Assuntos
Artralgia/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Vírus Chikungunya/imunologia , Dor Crônica/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Artralgia/etiologia , Artralgia/virologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/complicações , Febre de Chikungunya/virologia , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dor Crônica/etiologia , Dor Crônica/virologia , Estudos de Coortes , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
13.
J Virol Methods ; 282: 113888, 2020 May 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32445875

RESUMO

Herein, we describe the detection of a SARS-CoV-2 genome through metatranscriptome next-generation sequencing directly from the nasopharyngeal swab of a suspected case of local transmission of Covid-19, in Brazil. Depletion of human ribosomal RNA and use of an optimized in-house developed bioinformatics strategy contributed to successful detection of the virus.

14.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol ; 10: 558324, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33251156

RESUMO

Zika virus (ZIKV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, was brought into the spotlight due to its widespread and increased pathogenicity, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs), which are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into the major neural phenotypes, are very susceptible to ZIKV infection. Given the complications of ZIKV infection and potential harm to public health, effective treatment options are urgently needed. Betulinic acid (BA), an abundant terpenoid of the lupane group, displays several biological activities, including neuroprotective effects. Here we demonstrate that Sox2+ NPCs, which are highly susceptible to ZIKV when compared to their neuronal counterparts, are protected against ZIKV-induced cell death when treated with BA. Similarly, the population of Sox2+ and Casp3+ NPCs found in ZIKV-infected cerebral organoids was significantly higher in the presence of BA than in untreated controls. Moreover, well-preserved structures were found in BA-treated organoids in contrast to ZIKV-infected controls. Bioinformatics analysis indicated Akt pathway activation by BA treatment. This was confirmed by phosphorylated Akt analysis, both in BA-treated NPCs and brain organoids, as shown by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses, respectively. Taken together, these data suggest a neuroprotective role of BA in ZIKV-infected NPCs.


Assuntos
Microcefalia , Células-Tronco Neurais , Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Humanos , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos , Infecção por Zika virus/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Betulínico
15.
J Photochem Photobiol B ; 194: 135-139, 2019 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30954872

RESUMO

Zika virus (ZIKV) has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. ZIKV has been associated with some neurological disorders, and their long-term effects are not completely understood. The majority of the methods for ZIKV diagnosis are based on the detection of IgM antibodies, which are the first signs of immunological response. However, the detection of IgG antibodies can be an important approach for ZIKV past infection diagnosis, especially for pregnant women, helping the comprehension/treatment of this disease. There has been a growing interest in applying nanoparticles for efficient ZIKV or antibodies detection. Quantum dots (QD) are unique fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles, highly versatile for biological applications. In the present study, we explored the special QD optical properties to develop an immunofluorescence assay for anti-ZIKV IgG antibodies detection. Anti-IgG antibodies were successfully conjugated with QDs and applied in a fluorescence sensing nanoplatform. After optimization using IgG antibodies, the conjugates were employed to detect anti-ZIKV IgG antibodies in polystyrene microplates sensitized with ZIKV envelope E protein. The nanoplatform was able to detect anti-ZIKV IgG antibodies in a concentration at least 100-fold lower than the amount expected for protein E immune response. Moreover, conjugates were able to detect the antibodies for at least 4 months. Thus, our results showed that this QDs-based fluoroimmunoplatform can be considered practical, simple and promising to detect Zika past infections and/or monitoring immune response in vaccine trials.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Idiotípicos/análise , Anticorpos Anti-Idiotípicos/química , Fluorimunoensaio/métodos , Pontos Quânticos/química , Zika virus/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Idiotípicos/imunologia , Compostos de Cádmio/química , Telúrio/química , Zika virus/isolamento & purificação
16.
PLoS One ; 14(3): e0213301, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30840708

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Rapid diagnosis tests (RDTs) are easy to carry out, provide fast results, and could potentially guide medical treatment decisions. We investigated the performance of a commercially available RDT, which simultaneously detects the non-structural 1 (NS1) dengue virus (DENV) antigen, and IgM and IgG DENV antibodies, using representative serum samples from individuals in a dengue endemic area in Salvador, Brazil. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We evaluated the accuracy of the SD BIOLINE Dengue Duo RDT (Abbott, Santa Clara, USA; former Alere Inc, Waltham, USA) in a random collection of sera. Samples included acute-phase sera from 246 laboratory-confirmed dengue cases and 108 non-dengue febrile patients enrolled in a surveillance study for dengue detection, 73 healthy controls living in the same surveillance community, and 73 blood donors. RDT accuracy was blindly assessed based on the combined results for the NS1 and the IgM test components. The RDT sensitivity was 46.8% (38.6% for the NS1 component and 13.8% for the IgM component). Sensitivity was greater for samples obtained from patients with secondary DENV infections (49.8%) compared to primary infections (31.1%) (P: 0.02) and was also influenced by the result in the confirmatory dengue diagnostic test, ranging from 39.7% for samples of cases confirmed by IgM-ELISA seroconversion between paired samples to 90.4% for samples of cases confirmed by a positive NS1-ELISA. The RDT specificity was 94.4% for non-dengue febrile patients, 87.7% for the community healthy controls, and 95.9% for the blood donors. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The SD BIOLINE Dengue Duo RDT showed good specificities, but low sensitivity, suggesting that it may be more useful to rule in than to rule out a dengue diagnosis in dengue endemic regions.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vírus da Dengue/imunologia , Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/imunologia , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico/estatística & dados numéricos , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Dengue/epidemiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulina M/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Adulto Jovem
17.
Sci Rep ; 6: 39775, 2016 12 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28008958

RESUMO

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with severe complications both in the developing and adult nervous system. To investigate the deleterious effects of ZIKV infection, we used human neural progenitor cells (NPC), derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). We found that NPC are highly susceptible to ZIKV and the infection results in cell death. ZIKV infection led to a marked reduction in cell proliferation, ultrastructural alterations and induction of autophagy. Induction of apoptosis of Sox2+ cells was demonstrated by activation of caspases 3/7, 8 and 9, and by ultrastructural and flow cytometry analyses. ZIKV-induced death of Sox2+ cells was prevented by incubation with the pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. By confocal microscopy analysis we found an increased number of cells with supernumerary centrosomes. Live imaging showed a significant increase in mitosis abnormalities, including multipolar spindle, chromosome laggards, micronuclei and death of progeny after cell division. FISH analysis for chromosomes 12 and 17 showed increased frequency of aneuploidy, such as monosomy, trisomy and polyploidy. Our study reinforces the link between ZIKV and abnormalities in the developing human brain, including microcephaly.


Assuntos
Apoptose , Mitose , Células-Tronco Neurais/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neurais/virologia , Infecção por Zika virus/metabolismo , Zika virus/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Células-Tronco Neurais/patologia , Infecção por Zika virus/patologia
18.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 114: e180597, 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040620

RESUMO

A localized Chikungunya virus (CHIKV; East/Central/South African genotype) outbreak (50 cases, 70% laboratory-confirmed; attack rate: 5.3 confirmed cases/100 people) occurred in a Salvador, Brazil neighborhood, between Apr-Jun/2017. Highly clustered cases in space and time, mostly along a single street, highlight an increased risk of CHIKV transmission among pockets of susceptible populations. This finding underscores the need for ongoing local level surveillance for arboviral outbreaks.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Vírus Chikungunya/imunologia , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Estações do Ano , Brasil/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Febre de Chikungunya/diagnóstico , Febre de Chikungunya/virologia , Genótipo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
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