The effects of impurities in carbide slag on the morphological evolution of CaCO3 during carbonation.

Carbide slag (CS) is a kind of solid waste generated by the hydrolysis of calcium carbide for acetylene production. Its major component is Ca(OH)2, which shows great potential in CO2 mineralization to produce CaCO3. However, the types of impurities in CS and their mechanisms for inducing the morphological evolution of CaCO3 are still unclear. In this work, the influence of impurities in CS on the morphology evolution of CaCO3 was investigated. The following impurities were identified in the CS: Al2O3, MgO, Fe2O3, SiO2 and CaCO3. Ca(OH)2 was used to study the influence of impurities (Al2O3 and Fe2O3) on the evolution of CaCO3 morphology during CS carbonation. Calcite (CaCO3) was the carbonation product produced during CS carbonation under varying conditions. The morphology of calcite was changed from cubic to rod-shaped, with increasing solid-liquid ratios. Moreover, rod-shaped calcite was converted into irregular particles with increasing CO2 flow rate and stirring speed. Rod-shaped calcite (CaCO3) was formed by CS carbonation at a solid-liquid ratio of 10:100 under a stirring speed of 600 rpm and a CO2 flow rate of 200 ml/min; and spherical calcite was generated during Ca(OH)2 carbonation under the same conditions. Al2O3 impurities had negligible effects on spherical CaCO3 during Ca(OH)2 carbonation. In contrast, rod-shaped CaCO3 was generated by adding 0.13 wt% Fe2O3 particles, similar to the content of Fe2O3 in CS. Rod-shaped calcite was converted into particulate calcite with increasing Fe2O3 content. The surface wettability and surface negative charge of Fe2O3 appeared to be responsible for the formation of rod-shaped CaCO3. This study enhances our understanding and utilization of CS and CO2 reduction and the fabrication of high-value rod-shaped CaCO3.

First Report of Botrytis cinerea Causing Gray Mold on Tea (Camellia sinensis) in China.

Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is an important economic crop cultivated in China. In March 2019, leaf blight symptoms were observed on tea trees (C. sinensis cv. Fuding-dabaicha) in Enshi City (30º02'66" S, 109º01'56" W), Hubei Province (Fig. 1A). The disease occurred on the senescent flowers and mature leaves. The average disease incidence was approximately 10% of plants in the surveyed 30 ha tea garden. Initial symptoms consisted of brown lesions, which expanded and became covered with gray mold, followed by abscission. To identify the pathogen, 20 symptomatic leaves were collected and 0.5 cm2 diseased leaf pieces were excised and surface sterilized by immersion in 1.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 2 min, and rinsed three times in sterilized distilled water. The leaf pieces were allowed to dry, placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates, and incubated at 20°C under 12h fluorescent light. The fungus formed gray to grayish brown colonies (Fig. 1B) and produced conidia after 1 week. The isolate was purified by single spore isolation. The conidia were one-celled, ellipsoid or ovoid, almost colorless, with a size range of 5.3 to 10.24 × 5.2 to 8.1 µm (n = 50) (Fig. 1C). The sclerotia produced in culture were black, round or irregular in shape and 1.3 to 2.2 × 2.0 to 3.3 mm (average 1.8 × 2.3 mm) in size. Morphological characteristics of these isolates matched the description of Botrytis spp. (Hong et al. 2001). Representative isolate LCHM was selected for molecular identification based on DNA sequencing of the ITS region of rDNA and three nuclear protein-coding genes (G3PDH, HSP60 and RPB2) (Staats et al. 2005). BLAST analysis showed that isolate LCHM (GenBank Acc. Nos. MN448502, MN448500, MN433708 and MN448501 for ITS, G3PDH, HSP60 and RPB2, respectively) shared 99 to 100% identity with B. cinerea (GenBank Acc. Nos. MH316147.1, MG846500.1, MG846504.1 and MG846510.1, respectively), which suggested that isolate LCHM belongs to B. cinerea. This identification was further confirmed by phylogenetic analysis based on combined DNA sequence data of G3PDH, HSP60 and RPB2 (Fig. 2). For the pathogenicity test, needle-wounded, attached leaves on 1-year-old C. sinensis cv. Fuding-dabaicha plants were inoculated with mycelial plugs (6 mm diameter from 2-day-old PDA cultures) or a conidial suspension (20 µL, 1×106 conidia/ml in half strength potato dextrose broth) of isolate LCHM on three plants per treatment (six leaves). The control treatments were also wounded, but only treated with agar plugs or half strength PDB. All inoculated plants and controls were incubated in a growth chamber (20°C, 90 ± 10% RH). Leaves inoculated with mycelial plugs, whether wounded or not, showed brown necrotic lesions around the agar plugs after 2 days (Fig. 1D, E), whereas conidial inoculations of wound sites showed necrotic lesions after 6 days (Fig. 1 F, G). Non-wounded leaves inoculated with conidia and all the control treatments remained symptomless. B. cinerea was reisolated from the inoculated leaves and isolates were morphologically similar to the original cultures. Gray mold of C. sinensis caused by B. cinerea has been recorded in Japan, Turkey, and Brazil (Hamaya 1981, Aziz and Harun 2010, Pereira and Mio, 2020). To our knowledge, this is the first report of gray mold caused by B. cinerea on C. sinensis in China. B. cinerea may cause economic losses of tea, therefore, more surveys in other tea-growing regions should be done to specifically search for this disease.

Insect α-Amylases and Their Application in Pest Management.

Amylase is an indispensable hydrolase in insect growth and development. Its varied enzymatic parameters cause insects to have strong stress resistance. Amylase gene replication is a very common phenomenon in insects, and different copies of amylase genes enable changes in its location and function. In addition, the classification, structure, and interaction between insect amylase inhibitors and amylases have also invoked the attention of researchers. Some plant-derived amylase inhibitors have inhibitory activities against insect amylases and even mammalian amylases. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have clarified the effects of pesticides on the amylase activity of target and non-target pests, which provides a theoretical basis for exploring safe and efficient pesticides, while the exact lethal mechanisms and safety in field applications remain unclear. Here, we summarize the most recent advances in insect amylase studies, including its sequence and characteristics and the regulation of amylase inhibitors (α-AIs). Importantly, the application of amylases as the nanocide trigger, RNAi, or other kinds of pesticide targets will be discussed. A comprehensive foundation will be provided for applying insect amylases to the development of new-generation insect management tools and improving the specificity, stability, and safety of pesticides.

Downhill running induced DNA damage enhances mitochondrial membrane permeability by facilitating ER-mitochondria signaling.

To observe whether downhill running can lead to DNA damage in skeletal muscle cells and changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability and to explore whether the DNA damage caused by downhill running can lead to changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability by regulating the components of the endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrial coupling structure (MAM). A total of 48 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (C, n = 8) and a motor group (E, n = 40). Rats in Group E were further divided into 0 h (E0), 12 h (E12), 24 h (E24), 48 h (E48) and 72 h (E72) after prescribed exercise, with 8 rats in each group. At each time point, flounder muscle was collected under general anaesthesia. The DNA oxidative damage marker 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was detected by immunofluorescence. The expression levels of the DNA damage-related protein p53 in the nucleus and the EI24 protein and reep1 protein in whole cells were detected by Western blot. The colocalization coefficients of the endoplasmic reticulum protein EI24 and the mitochondrial protein Vdac2 were determined by immunofluorescence double staining, and the concentration of Ca2+ in skeletal muscle mitochondria was detected by a fluorescent probe. Finally, the opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (mPTP) was detected by immunofluorescence. Twelve hours after downhill running, the mitochondrial membrane permeability of the mPTP opened the most (P < 0.05), the content of 8-OHdG in skeletal muscle peaked (P < 0.05), and the levels of the regulatory protein p53, mitochondrial Ca2+, and the EI24 and reep1 proteins peaked (P < 0.01). Moreover, the colocalization coefficients of EI24 and Vdac2 and the Mandes coefficients of the two proteins increased first and then recovered 72 h after exercise (P < 0.05). (1) Downhill running can lead to DNA damage in skeletal muscle cells, overload of mitochondrial Ca2+ and large opening of membrane permeability transformation pores. (2) The DNA damage caused by downhill running may result in p53 promoting the transcriptional activation of reep1 and EI24, enhancing the interaction between EI24 and Vdac2, and then leading to an increase in Ca2+ in skeletal muscle mitochondria and the opening of membrane permeability transition pores.

First report of Alternaria alternata causing leaf yellow spot on Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in Laifeng, China.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a highly important commercial crop in China, which is widely cultivated for its medicinal and nutritional qualities. Fengtou ginger is a variety mainly grown in Central China. From June to September of 2021, leaf yellow spot symptoms were observed on ginger plants var. Fengtou in commercial fields, localized in Laifeng county (29.37゜N, 109.31゜E), Hubei Province, China. Early symptoms were small yellow spots (approximately 0.2 cm) on leaves, but these spots gradually expanded, and the middle turn brown. The incidence of yellow spot on plants was 15% to 35%. To identify the causal agent of the disease, 15 symptomatic leaves were collected on from plants in the field. From each ginger leaf, small fragments (2 to 4 mm) were cut from the margin of the lesions and surface disinfected with 75% ethanol and 2% sodium hypochlorite for 30 s and 60 s, respectively, and rinsed three times with sterile water (Zhong et al. 2022). The disinfected small fragments were placed on Rose Bengal Agar medium at 25 ℃. After 3 to 5 days of incubation, a total of 11 isolates from leaf samples were obtained, of which 8 showed a radial mycelial growth that was grayish and then darkened. Conidiophores were brown and branched. Conidia were multicellular, obclavate to obpyriform within 9.1-22.6 µm (average 14.3 µm) in length and 6.0-13.5 µm (average 7.9 µm) in width (n=30). The isolates were identified as Alternaria sp. according to their morphological characteristics (Simmons 2007). For further molecular identification, genomic DNAs of two representative isolates (isolate 1 and isolate 4) were extracted and amplificated using a set of primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), RPB2-5F/RPB2-7R (Liu et al. 1999) and gpd1/gpd2 (Berbee et al. 1999), for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-rDNA region, partial RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB2), and Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GADPH), respectively. The sequences were submitted to GenBank with submission Nos. OM701795 and OM701794 for ITS-rDNA; OM864662 and OM864663 for RPB2; OM864664 and OM864665 for the GADPH gene. A BLAST analysis in GenBank showed 100% identity with A. alternata for ITS (GenBank No. MN907440), RPB2 (GenBank No. KP057228) and GADPH (GenBank No. MK637444), respectively. A pathogenicity test was performed on potted healthy plants of ginger var. Fengtou of 2.5-month-old in a greenhouse. A total of five plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension (105 spores/mL) of each isolate on leaves until runoff (3 to 5 ml per plant) occurred. Five plants were sprayed with sterile water. The plants were grown in a greenhouse at 25 ℃. Eight days after inoculation, the symptoms similar to diseased leaves in the field appeared on the inoculated leaves, while the controls remained healthy. The fugus re-isolated from infected tissues was morphologically and molecularly identical to the original isolates of A. alternata, which fulfill the Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. alternata causing yellow spot on ginger in China. The work will be beneficial to develop effective management methods for preventing and treating this disease and avoid yield and economic loss of ginger in China.

Patient delay in a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Tianjin, China from January to February 2020.

BACKGROUND: Patient delay of COVID-19 patients occurs frequently, which poses a challenge to the overall epidemic situation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the extent of patient delay, explore its factors, and investigate the effects of patient interval on epidemic situation. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 136 COVID-19 patients in Tianjin, China. Factors associated with patient delay were explored using logistic regression models. The relationship was investigated by spearman correlation analysis and mean absolute error between patient interval of lagging days and epidemic situation. RESULTS: The factors associated with patient delay of COVID-19 patients were mainly the imported cases, the first presentation to a tertiary hospital, close contacts and spatial accessibility to fever clinic. The longer the patient intervals of lagging days, the greater the number of new-onset and confirmed cases in 3-4 and 5-7 days after the first day symptoms, respectively. CONCLUSION: Identification and quarantine of close contacts, promoting the spatial accessibility to fever clinics and creating public awareness are crucial to shortening patient delays to flat the curve for COVID-19.

Identifying discriminative features for diagnosis of Kashin-Beck disease among adolescents.

INTRODUCTION: Diagnosing Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) involves damages to multiple joints and carries variable clinical symptoms, posing great challenge to the diagnosis of KBD for clinical practitioners. However, it is still unclear which clinical features of KBD are more informative for the diagnosis of Kashin-Beck disease among adolescent. METHODS: We first manually extracted 26 possible features including clinical manifestations, and pathological changes of X-ray images from 400 KBD and 400 non-KBD adolescents. With such features, we performed four classification methods, i.e., random forest algorithms (RFA), artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector machines (SVMs) and linear regression (LR) with four feature selection methods, i.e., RFA, minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR), support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and Relief. The performance of diagnosis of KBD with respect to different classification models were evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that the 10 out of 26 discriminative features were displayed more powerful performance, regardless of the chosen of classification models and feature selection methods. These ten discriminative features were distal end of phalanges alterations, metaphysis alterations and carpals alterations and clinical manifestations of ankle joint movement limitation, enlarged finger joints, flexion of the distal part of fingers, elbow joint movement limitation, squatting limitation, deformed finger joints, wrist joint movement limitation. CONCLUSIONS: The selected ten discriminative features could provide a fast, effective diagnostic standard for KBD adolescents.

Sulfur-containing natural hinduchelins derivatives as potential antifungal agents against Rhizoctonia solani.

Aryl-oxazole alkaloids are an important class of heterocyclic natural products, and which has been demonstrated to exhibit broad biological functions. During the course of our research for highly active compounds from natural products, the natural hinduchelins A-D with typical aryl-oxazole unit have been synthesized and investigated. So, in order to develop highly potential functional molecules, a series of novel sulfur-containing aryl-oxazole compounds derived from natural hinduchelins was designed and synthesized, and their in vitro fungicidal activities against four common plant pathogenic fungi (oomycetes Phytophthora capsici, ascomycetes Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, deuteromycetes Botrytis cinerea and basidiomycetes Rhizoctonia solani) were evaluated, the results demonstrated that compounds 7b and 7c displayed good selectivity and specificity in vitro against basidiomycetes R. solani. In addition, the in vivo antifungal activities also indicated compounds 7b and 7c can protect the horsebean against infection by R. solani, and the possible mechanism of antifungal action for these compounds has also been investigated.

Predictive Value of Four-Dimensional Strain Echocardiography for Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Treated with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the predictive value of four-dimensional (4D) strain echocardiography for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. METHODS: Consecutive STEMI patients who underwent successful primary coronary interven tion (PCI) were enrolled and followed, with 2D and 4D strain echocardiography performed within 1 week after PCI. RESULTS: Twenty-six first MACE were recorded in 81 patients who finished a ∼3.0 year follow-up. Compared with those without MACE, subjects with MACE were more likely to have anterior MI (73.08 vs. 38.18%, p = 0.003), significantly decreased 2D left ventricular ejection fraction (2DLVEF) and 4DLVEF (all p < 0.05), as well as an overtly compromised 4D strain parameters. The prediction models incorporating infarct location with either 2DLVEF or 4D strain parameters were then developed. Model comparisons revealed that the global area strain (GAS)-based model had the highest discriminative capacity (c statistics = 0.774) and was well calibrated for MACE. Additionally, the clinical utility of the GAS-based prediction model was verified by decision curve analysis showing a consistent positive and larger net benefit compared to the 2DLVEF-based model. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support a superiority of 4D strain echocardiography over conventional 2D echocardiography, especially GAS, for risk stratification in STEMI patients after successful primary PCI.

Brief report: Blockade of Notch signaling in muscle stem cells causes muscular dystrophic phenotype and impaired muscle regeneration.

Muscular dystrophies are a group of devastating diseases characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration, with etiologies including muscle gene mutations and regenerative defects of muscle stem cells. Notch signaling is critical for skeletal myogenesis and has important roles in maintaining the muscle stem cell pool and preventing premature muscle differentiation. To investigate the functional impact of Notch signaling blockade in muscle stem cells, we developed a conditional knock-in mouse model in which endogenous Notch signaling is specifically blocked in muscle stem cell compartment. Mice with Notch signaling inhibition in muscle stem cells showed several muscular dystrophic features and impaired muscle regeneration. Analyses of satellite cells and isolated primary myoblasts revealed that Notch signaling blockade in muscle stem cells caused reduced activation and proliferation of satellite cells but enhanced differentiation of myoblasts. Our data thus indicate that Notch signaling controls processes that are critical to regeneration in muscular dystrophy, suggesting that Notch inhibitor therapies could have potential side effects on muscle functions.

Mathematical models and analysis tools for risk assessment of unnatural epidemics: a scoping review.

Predicting, issuing early warnings, and assessing risks associated with unnatural epidemics (UEs) present significant challenges. These tasks also represent key areas of focus within the field of prevention and control research for UEs. A scoping review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, from inception to 31 December 2023. Sixty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Two types of models (data-driven and mechanistic-based models) and a class of analysis tools for risk assessment of UEs were identified. The validation part of models involved calibration, improvement, and comparison. Three surveillance systems (event-based, indicator-based, and hybrid) were reported for monitoring UEs. In the current study, mathematical models and analysis tools suggest a distinction between natural epidemics and UEs in selecting model parameters and warning thresholds. Future research should consider combining a mechanistic-based model with a data-driven model and learning to pursue time-varying, high-precision risk assessment capabilities.

Risk Prediction for Sudden Cardiac Death in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Identification of SCD risk is important in the general population from a public health perspective. The objective is to summarize and appraise the available prediction models for the risk of SCD among the general population. Methods: Data were obtained searching six electronic databases and reporting prediction models of SCD risk in the general population. Studies with duplicate cohorts and missing information were excluded from the meta-analysis. Results: Out of 8,407 studies identified, fifteen studies were included in the systematic review, while five studies were included in the meta-analysis. The Cox proportional hazards model was used in thirteen studies (96.67%). Study locations were limited to Europe and the United States. Our pooled meta-analyses included four predictors: diabetes mellitus (ES = 2.69, 95%CI: 1.93, 3.76), QRS duration (ES = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.26), spatial QRS-T angle (ES = 1.46, 95%CI: 1.27, 1.69) and factional shortening (ES = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.64). Conclusion: Risk prediction model may be useful as an adjunct for risk stratification strategies for SCD in the general population. Further studies among people except for white participants and more accessible factors are necessary to explore.

The application of large language models in medicine: A scoping review.

This study systematically reviewed the application of large language models (LLMs) in medicine, analyzing 550 selected studies from a vast literature search. LLMs like ChatGPT transformed healthcare by enhancing diagnostics, medical writing, education, and project management. They assisted in drafting medical documents, creating training simulations, and streamlining research processes. Despite their growing utility in assisted diagnosis and improving doctor-patient communication, challenges persisted, including limitations in contextual understanding and the risk of over-reliance. The surge in LLM-related research indicated a focus on medical writing, diagnostics, and patient communication, but highlighted the need for careful integration, considering validation, ethical concerns, and the balance with traditional medical practice. Future research directions suggested a focus on multimodal LLMs, deeper algorithmic understanding, and ensuring responsible, effective use in healthcare.

Temporal Trend and Research Focus of Injury Burden from 1998 to 2022: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Background: Injury is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. It is a major contributor to the overall burden of disease. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend, research focus and future direction of research related to injury burden. Methods: Publications on injury burden published between January 1998 and September 2022 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) through topic advanced search strategy. Microsoft Excel, RStudio, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace were used to extract, integrate, and visualize bibliometric information. Results: A total of 2916 articles and 783 reviews were identified. The number of publications on injury burden showed a steady upward trend. The United States of America (USA) (n=1628) and the University of Washington (n=1036) were the most productive country and institution. High-income countries started research in this domain earlier, while research in low- and middle-income countries began in recent years. Lancet was the most influential journal. Public, environmental occupational health, general medicine and neurology were the predominant research domains. Based on keyword co-occurrence analysis, the research focus was divided into five clusters: injury epidemiology and prevention, studies related to the global burden of disease (GBD), risk factors for injury, clinical management of injury, and injury outcome assessment and economic burden. Conclusion: The burden of injury has drawn increasing attention from various perspectives over the years. The research field on injury burden is also becoming more and more extensive. However, there are some gaps among different countries or regions, and more attention needs to be paid to low and middle-income countries.

Unveiling the role of bZIP transcription factors CREB and CEBP in detoxification metabolism of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).

The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) superfamily is a crucial group of xenobiotics in insects. However, little is known about the function of CAAT enhancer binding proteins (CEBP) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in Nilaparvata lugens. In the present study, NlCEBP and NlCREB were cloned and identified. Quantitative polymerase real-time chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed the expression of NlCEBP and NlCREB was significantly induced after chemical insecticides exposure. Silencing of NlCEBP and NlCREB increased the susceptibility of N. lugens to insecticides, and the detoxification enzyme activities were also significantly decreased. In addition, comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that 174 genes were significantly co-down-regulated after interfering with the two transcription factors. GO analysis showed that co-down-regulated genes are mostly related to energy transport and metabolic functions indicating the potential regulatory role of NlCEBP and NlCREB in detoxification metabolism. Our research shed lights on the functional roles of transcription factors NlCEBP and NlCREB in the detoxification metabolism of N. lugens, providing a theoretical basis for pest management and comprehensive control of this pest and increasing our understanding of insect toxicology.

Epidemiological characteristics and factors influencing hospitalization burden among trauma patients: a retrospective analysis.

PURPOSE: This investigation aimed to understand the epidemiological characteristics and hospitalization burden and its possible influencing factors of patients with different injury mechanisms. METHODS: All trauma patients admitted via the emergency department at a trauma center from November 1, 2020, to April 30, 2022, were identified. The hospitalization burden, including the number of hospitalizations, deaths and in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and medical costs, was calculated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing the hospitalization burden of trauma. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the predictive value of the multivariate model. RESULTS: 16 485 trauma patients with 16 552 hospitalizations were included, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 1.269‰, median LOS of 7 days, and median hospitalization costs of 54 725.28 CNY. The median age was 52 years. 62.54% were hospitalized due to falls. The upper and lower extremities were the most common injury regions. There are differences between the demographic, injury, and hospitalization characteristics and factors influencing hospitalization burden across injury mechanisms, but there were also common influencing factors. Injury region, surgery, transfusion, and ICU treatment are influential factors for prolonged LOS. Age, injury region, surgery, and transfusion were influential factors for high hospitalization costs. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided primary evidence on the hospitalization burden of trauma. Considering demographics, injury and hospitalization characteristics as additional discriminators could further intervene in LOS and medical costs. Targeted efforts to use more early prevention measures could potentially lower future hospitalization burden.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A data-driven visualization of collaboration, frontier identification, and future trends.

One of the main causes of death is out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), which has a poor prognosis and poor neurological outcomes. This phenomenon has attracted increasing attention. However, there is still no published bibliometric analysis of OHCA. This bibliometric analysis of publications on OHCA aimed to visualize the current status of research, determine the frontiers of research, and identify future trends. Publications on OHCA were downloaded from the web of science database. The data elements included year, countries/territories, institutions, authors, journals, research areas, citations of publications, etc. Joinpoint regression and exponential models were used to identify and predict the trend of publications, respectively. Knowledge domain maps were applied to conduct contribution and collaboration, cooccurrence, cocitation, and coupled analyses. Timeline and burst detection analysis were used to identify the frontiers in the field. A total of 3 219 publications on OHCA were found from 1998 to 2022 (average annual percentage change = 16.7; 95% CI 14.4, 19.1). It was estimated that 859 articles and reviews would be published in 2025. The following research hotpots were identified: statement, epidemiology, clinical care, factors influencing prognosis and emergency medical services. The research frontier identification revealed that 7 categories were classified, including therapeutic hypothermia, emergency medical services, airway management, myocardial infarction, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, stroke foundation and trial. The burst detection analysis revealed that percutaneous coronary intervention, neurologic outcome, COVID-19 and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation are issues that should be given continual attention in the future. This bibliometric analysis may reflect the current status and future frontiers of OHCA research.

Associations of Traumatic Injury with Abnormal Glucose Metabolism: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: Empirical data on the association between traumatic injury and abnormal glucose metabolism risk is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between traumatic injury and abnormal glucose metabolism. Patients and Methods: This study included 153,162 participants in the Kailuan Study from 2006 to 2013. Participants with abnormal glucose metabolism at baseline were excluded. All participants were monitored every two years until December 31, 2019. During follow-up, 1915 subjects with a first traumatic injury (defined as a physical injury caused by an external force) were identified. For each subject with traumatic injury, one control subject was randomly selected and matched for age (± 3 years) and sex. A total of 3830 subjects were included in the final analysis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between traumatic injury and the subsequent risk of abnormal glucose metabolism. Results: During a median follow-up of 6.91 (3.57-9.41) years, 990 abnormal glucose metabolism events occurred. After adjustment for demographics, lifestyle behaviors, and traditional risk factors, those who had traumatic injury compared to controls were 32% more likely to develop any abnormal glucose metabolism (hazard ratio [HR] 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]1.16-1.49), including impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.12-1.48) and diabetes (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.10-1.70). The risks for abnormal glucose metabolism, IFG, and diabetes in subjects with moderate-severe injury were higher than in subjects with mild injury for the 1-year follow-up period, while the association was not significantly different by injury severity for the whole follow-up period. Conclusion: Traumatic injury was associated with an increased risk of abnormal glucose metabolism. However, the risks of outcome events decreased as the follow-up period extended. Improved short- and long-term prevention and management strategies for controlling glucose are needed for individuals with traumatic injury.

Review on visualization technology in simulation training system for major natural disasters.

Major natural disasters have occurred frequently in the last few years, resulting in increased loss of life and economic damage. Most emergency responders do not have first-hand experience with major natural disasters, and thus, there is an urgent need for pre-disaster training. Due to the scenes unreality of traditional emergency drills, the failure to appeal to the target audience and the novel coronavirus pandemic, people are forced to maintain safe social distancing. Therefore, it is difficult to carry out transregional or transnational emergency drills in many countries under the lockdown. There is an increasing demand for simulation training systems that use virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality visualization technologies to simulate major natural disasters. The simulation training system related to natural disasters provides a new way for popular emergency avoidance science education and emergency rescue personnel to master work responsibilities and improve emergency response capabilities. However, to our knowledge, there is no overview of the simulation training system for major natural disasters. Hence, this paper uncovers the visualization techniques commonly used in simulation training systems, and compares, analyses and summarizes the architecture and functions of the existing simulation training systems for different emergency phases of common natural disasters. In addition, the limitations of the existing simulation training system in practical applications and future development directions are discussed to provide reference for relevant researchers to better understand the modern simulation training system.