RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pruning is an important cultivation management option that has important effects on peach yield and quality. However, the effects of pruning on the overall genetic and metabolic changes in peach leaves and fruits are poorly understood. RESULTS: The transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of leaves and fruits from trees subjected to pruning and unpruning treatments were measured. A total of 20,633 genes and 622 metabolites were detected. Compared with those in the control, 1,127 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 77 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified in leaves from pruned and unpruned trees (pdLvsupdL), whereas 423 DEGs and 29 DEMs were identified in fruits from the pairwise comparison pdFvsupdF. The content of three auxin analogues was upregulated in the leaves of pruned trees, the content of all flavonoids detected in the leaves decreased, and the expression of almost all genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway decreased. The phenolic acid and amino acid metabolites detected in fruits from pruned trees were downregulated, and all terpenoids were upregulated. The correlation analysis revealed that DEGs and DEMs in leaves were enriched in tryptophan metabolism, auxin signal transduction, and flavonoid biosynthesis. DEGs and DEMs in fruits were enriched in flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, as well as L-glutamic acid biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS: Pruning has different effects on the leaves and fruits of peach trees, affecting mainly the secondary metabolism and hormone signalling pathways in leaves and amino acid biosynthesis in fruits.
Assuntos
Frutas , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Metabolômica , Folhas de Planta , Prunus persica , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/genética , Prunus persica/genética , Prunus persica/metabolismo , Prunus persica/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Frutas/metabolismo , Frutas/genética , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Metaboloma , Transcriptoma , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismoRESUMO
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is well developed in international medical research. This article analyzes the basic connotations of CER from five aspects, including selection of objective, positioning of target population, comparison of intervention scheme, identification of contrast condition and analysis of therapeutic effects. The inclusiveness and advanced nature of CER were revealed by comparing with modern medical research methods, such as evidence-based medicine, patient-important outcome and randomized controlled trials. Based on the superiority of CER, the feasibility of applying CER in clinical evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine is explored. CER should be combined with the holistic concept, syndrome differentiation and individuality-concerned treatment so as to facilitate its development in research of traditional Chinese medicine in China.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Comparativa da Efetividade , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Estudos de Viabilidade , HumanosRESUMO
Case recruitment of large-scale clinical trials should be strictly checked in quality and quantity for it is the key to clinical trial. This study discusses the main difficulties and countermeasures in the case recruitment of large sample, multi-center clinical trials according to the national research project "Myocardial Infarction Secondary Prevention Study in Traditional Chinese Medicine".
Assuntos
Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Idoso , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Seleção de Pacientes , Projetos de PesquisaRESUMO
Abstract: Large-scale clinical trial is an important measure of clinical evaluation on drugs. This paper introduces the concept and features of large-scale clinical trial, the possibility and necessity of large-scale clinical trial of traditional Chinese medicine, as well as its administration and quality control, with Myocardial Infarction Secondary Prevention Study in Traditional Chinese Medicine (MISPS-TCM), a National Program Subject, as an example.