Structural and resting-state connection abnormalities of habenula in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that the habenula (Hb) may be involved in the mechanism of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the specific role of Hb in OCD remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the structural and functional abnormalities of Hb in OCD and their relationship with the clinical symptoms. METHODS: Eighty patients with OCD and 85 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited as the primary dataset. The grey matter volume, resting-state functional connectivity (FC), and effective connectivity (EC) of the Hb were calculated and compared between OCD group and HCs. An independent replication dataset was used to verify the stability and robustness of the results. RESULTS: Patients with OCD exhibited smaller Hb volume and increased FC of right Hb-left hippocampus than HCs. Dynamic causal model revealed an increased EC from left hippocampus to right Hb and a less inhibitory causal influence from the right Hb to left hippocampus in the OCD group compared to HCs. Similar results were found in the replication dataset. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that abnormal structure of Hb and hippocampus-Hb connectivity may contribute to the pathological basis of OCD.

Depression mediates the relationship of experiential avoidance and internet addiction: a cross-lagged mediation analysis.

Previous research has identified the contemporaneous association between experiential avoidance, depression, and Internet addiction. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are not well acknowledged. The present study aimed to use cross-lagged panel modeling to examine whether depression mediates the relation between experiential avoidance and Internet addiction and whether gender plays a role in the relation. A total of 2731 participants (934 male, Meanage=18.03) were recruited from a university at the baseline study (December 2019). Data was collected at all 3 time points across one year (2019?2020), using 6-month intervals. Experiential avoidance, depression and Internet addiction were assessed using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaire, and Young?s Internet Addiction Test (IAT), respectively. Cross-lagged panel models were used to evaluate the longitudinal association and the mediating effect. Multigroup analyses were conducted to examine gender differences in the models.Cross-lagged models indicated that experiential avoidance significantly predicted subsequent depression, and depression significantly predicted subsequent Internet addiction. Furthermore, mediation analyses showed that depression has a mediating effect in the relation between experiential avoidance and Internet addiction (? = 0.010, 95%CI[0.003, 0.018], p>0.001). Multigroup analyses demonstrated that the pattern of structural relations stayed consistent across gender. The findings indicated that experiential avoidance is indirectly related to Internet addiction through depression, suggesting that treatments targeted at reducing experiential avoidance could help relieve depression and thus decrease the risk of Internet addiction. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04511-6.

Social anhedonia affects the trajectory of internet addiction in the college students: A latent growth curve analysis.

BACKGROUND/AIM: There is growing awareness that anhedonia plays a critical role in the development of Internet Addictions (IA). However, anhedonia is a multidimensional construct and different aspects of anhedonia may exert different effects on IA. This study was designed to distinguish the effects of social anhedonia and physical anhedonia on the developmental trajectory of IA among college students. METHODS: A total of 3577 Chinese college freshmen (Mage = 18.01, SD = 0.77; 65.4 % girls) participated in a 2-year, four waves longitudinal tracking study. The latent growth curve model (LGCM) was constructed to examine the impacts of different types of anhedonia on the developmental trajectories of IA. Gender was also added to the conditional LGCM as time-invariant variable. RESULTS: The results of unconditional LGCM showed a U-shape developmental trajectory of IA. Social anhedonia significantly affected the intercept (ß = 0.468, p < 0.001) and significantly affected the linear slope (ß = -0.259, p < 0.05), but not the quadratic slope (ß = 0.293, p > 0.05). Physical anhedonia was not significantly associated with intercept, linear slope and quadratic slope. There was no sex difference in both initial levels and change rate of IA. CONCLUSIONS: Social anhedonia while not physical anhedonia has prediction effect on IA. College students with high levels of social anhedonia experienced high levels of IA at baseline, and performed a slower rate in downward trend of IA. The findings of the current study provide implications for prevention of IA in college students.

Metal-mediated controllable creation of secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbon centers: a powerful strategy for the synthesis of iron, cobalt, and copper complexes with in situ generated substituted 1-pyridineimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine ligands.

An efficient strategy for the synthesis of a wide variety of coordination complexes has been developed. The synthetic protocol involves a solvothermal in situ metal-ligand reaction of picolinaldehyde, ammonium acetate, and transition-metal ions, leading to the generation of 12 coordination complexes supported by a novel class of substituted 1-pyridineimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine ligands (L1-L5). The ligands L1-L5 were afforded by metal-mediated controllable conversion of the aldehyde group of picolialdehyde into a ketone and secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbon centers, respectively. Complexes of various nuclearities were obtained: from mono-, di-, and tetranuclear to 1D chain polymers. The structures of the in situ formed complexes could be controlled rationally via the choice of appropriate starting materials and tuning of the ratio of the starting materials. The plausible mechanisms for the formation of the ligands L1-L5 were proposed.

Synthesis, structures and magnetic properties of a family of nitrate-bridged octanuclear [Na2Ln6] (Ln = Dy, Tb, Gd, Sm) complexes.

A new family of octanuclear lanthanide compounds [Na2Ln6L8(C6H4NH2COO)2(C2H5OH)2(H2O)4(NO3)]·NO3·C2H5OH·nH2O [H2L = 2-{[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}benzoic acid; Ln = Dy (1) (n = 15); Tb (2), Gd (3) (n = 14); Sm (4) (n = 16)] have been prepared under hydrothermal conditions. The X-ray crystal structure analysis reveals that complexes 1-4 are isomorphous. The core of the structure is a [4 + 2] combination of an Ln4 cubane and an Ln2 unit. The two units are bridged by a nitrate ion, which is located in the center of the cluster and displays an unusual µ8-η(2):η(2):η(4) tridentate bridging mode. The magnetic studies for complex 1 show that the [Na2Dy6] unit exhibits slow magnetic relaxation behavior.

A Co16 cluster and a 1-D Mn chain complex supported by benzohydroxamic acid.

The syntheses, crystal structures and magnetic properties are described for a {Co16} cluster [Co(II)16O(OH)2(bha)12(PhCO2)4(Phen)2(MeOH)4]·2MeOH (1) and a 1-D Mn(II) chain complex [Mn(Hbha)2]n·(2MeOH)n (2) (H2bha = benzohydroxamic acid; Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). The 1 : 1 : 0.5 reaction of Co(O2CMe)2·4H2O, H2bha and 1,10-phenanthroline in MeOH at 100 °C under autogenous pressure gave cluster 1. Complex 2 was obtained from the 1 : 1 reaction mixture of Mn(O2CMe)2·2H2O and H2bha in MeOH under solvothermal conditions. The {Co16} cluster can be thought as a face-centered cube with two wings. The H2bha ligands show hydroximic form in 1 and exhibit hydroxamic mode in 2. The hydroximate ligands in 1 display three distinct binding modes, one of which is novel. Variable-temperature solid-state dc magnetic susceptibility studies have been performed in the 2.0-300 K range for complexes 1 and 2. Antiferromagnetic M(II)···M(II) exchange interactions were found for both 1 and 2. This work also demonstrates that solvothermal method is a potential synthetic approach for the design and growth of high nuclearity clusters or chain complexes of the H2bha ligand.

Seven novel Sr(II)-Sm(III) and Sr(II)-Dy(III) coordination polymers: construction of five classes of structural topologies using different amounts of imidazole.

The employment of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2pda) and imidazole (im) in the synthesis of Sr(II)-Sm(III) and Sr(II)-Dy(III) coordination polymers has been reported. Seven novel heterometallic coordination polymers of compositions, [Dy3Sr3(pda)7(Hpda)(H2O)9]·6H2O (1), [LnSr(pda)3(H2O)5]·Him·H2O (Ln = Sm(2), Dy(3)), [Ln2Sr(pda)6(H2O)5]·4Him·C2H5OH·nH2O (Ln = Sm(4), n = 4; Dy(5), n = 5), [Sm2Sr2(pda)5(H2O)9]·2H2O (6) and [DySr(pda)3(H2O)4]·Him·3H2O (7), have been prepared and characterized. Complexes 1, 2-3, and 6 display three varieties of 2-D structures. 4-5 and 7 exhibit two types of 1-D chain structures. The structures of the complexes could be controlled via choosing appropriate starting materials and tuning the amount of imidazole. The photo-luminescent properties of these complexes have been investigated. The results show the exclusive luminescence emission bands being characteristic of Sm(III) and Dy(III).