Clinical performance of non-surgical periodontal therapy in a large Chinese population with generalized aggressive periodontitis.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate clinical performance of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) and its influential factors in a large Chinese population with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Longitudinal periodontal examination data of 1,004 GAgP patients (numbers of patients with observation periods 6 weeks~, 3 months~, 6 months~, 1 year~, 3 years~ and >5 years were 203, 310, 193, 205, 70 and 23, respectively) were extracted from a hospital-based electronic periodontal charting record system and analysed by multilevel analysis. RESULTS: Mean probing depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL) reductions at patient level were 1.17 mm and 1.07 mm, respectively. Multilevel analysis demonstrated PD reductions after maintenance were mainly influenced by frequency of supportive periodontal treatment (FSPT), gender, adjunctive systemic use of antibiotics, baseline mobility, tooth type and baseline PD and bleeding index reductions were mainly influenced by FSPT, adjunctive systemic use of antibiotics, baseline AL, baseline mobility, tooth type and baseline PD. CONCLUSION: The clinical performance of NSPT on patients with GAgP was proved in the large Chinese population. Outcomes of NSPT were mainly influenced by FSPT, adjunctive systemic use of antibiotics, baseline mobility, tooth type and baseline PD.

Effectiveness of non-surgical periodontal therapy in a large Chinese population with chronic periodontitis.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) and its influential factors in a large Chinese population with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Periodontal examination data of 10,789 patients with at least one periodontal re-evaluation record were extracted from a hospital-based electronic periodontal charting record system. Probing depth (PD) and bleeding index (BI) reductions after NSPT and their influential factors were analysed by multilevel analysis. RESULTS: Mean PD reductions at patient level and site level were 0.62 and 0.65 mm respectively. Mean reductions of percentage of tooth with BI > 1 and BI > 2 were 14.9% and 25.21%. Multilevel analysis demonstrated that PD and BI reductions were mainly influenced by baseline PD, baseline attachment loss (AL), baseline mobility, tooth type and frequency of periodontal maintenance (FPM). Besides, PD reduction was associated with baseline BI for all sites and was associated with gender and smoking status for sites with baseline PD ≥ 5 mm. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of NSPT on patients with chronic periodontitis was proved in a large Chinese population. Outcomes of NSPT were mainly influenced by baseline PD, baseline AL, baseline mobility, tooth type and FPM.

Assessment of dynamic smile and gingival contour in young Chinese people.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to classify the dynamic smile and to quantify the gingival line (GL), as well as apico-coronal displacement of the gingival zenith (GZ), in the maxillary anterior dentition in a young Chinese population. METHODS: Two-hundred young Chinese subjects (100 men and 100 women; 20-35 years of age) with healthy dentogingival tissue were recruited. The dynamic smile process was captured using a digital camera. The smile type, GL type, the vertical distance of the GZ between the canine and the central incisor on the same side and the GZ of the lateral incisor-GL relationship were measured using a self-developed smile-analysis method. The kappa statistics was used to examine the reliability of the data recorded by the rater. The Pearson chi-square test was used to analyse the differences between subjects regarding the frequencies of smile type and GL type at α = 0.05. RESULTS: Data revealed that 45.5% of subjects had a high smile and 45.5% had an average smile; 58.2% of the subjects presented an upwards GL. The GZ of canine teeth was 0.33 mm apical to the corresponding central incisor and no significant difference between both sides of the GZ was observed. The GZ of the lateral incisor was located coronal to the GL in 87.9% of samples. The vertical distance between the GZ of the lateral incisor and the GL was 0.59 mm and no statistically significant difference was detected. CONCLUSIONS: The most common findings were a high or average smile type, combined with an upward GL. In the majority of subjects, the GZ of the lateral incisor is coronal to the GL. The apico-coronal displacement of the GZ showed bilateral symmetry.

[Shape analysis of healthy gingival curve in maxillary anterior teeth in 120 Chinese youth].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the relationship of the gingival crest, the gingival curve characteristic point (inflection point, IP) and the contact points and to use it as reference to design the location of contact area in anterior teeth restoration to form the natural papillae. METHODS: Two-dimensional gingival curve morphology analysis based on standardized digital images was done to measure the value of different points in the upper anterior teeth for 120 young Chinese. RESULTS: In the maxillary anterior teeth, the average mesial papilla heights(MPH) of central incisors(CI), lateral incisors(LI), canines(CA) were (4.49 ± 0.86) mm, (3.64 ± 0.77) mm and (4.12 ± 0.92) mm; the average distal gingival papilla heights(DPH) were (4.09 ± 0.72) mm, (3.48 ± 0.83) mm and (4.13 ± 0.94) mm . The relationship of the gingival curve inflection points of maxillary anterior teeth with the gingival zenith and the contact points were determined in horizontal and vertical ways. In the CI, the mesial IP in X and Y axis were 0.61±0.10 and 0.26±0.07, in distal were 0.57±0.10 and 0.25±0.07. In the LI, the mesial IP in X and Y axis were 0.50±0.10 and 0.23±0.08, in distal were 0.56±0.11 and 0.26±0.08. In the CA, the mesial IP in X and Y axis were 0.52±0.09 and 0.23±0.07, the distal IP were 0.60±0.12 and 0.26±0.08. CONCLUSION: The upper anterior teeth papillae shapes of the different teeth and gingival curves are determined with certain characteristics, and the gingival curve inflection points have some mathematical relationship with the gingival crest and the contact points.

Influence of local anesthesia on the outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatment.

BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence of the effects of local anesthesia (LA) on outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT), in particular among the Chinese. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the effects of LA on short-term treatment outcomes of NSPT and to determine under what circumstances LA should be prescribed to improve these outcomes. METHODS: Data from periodontal examinations of 3980 patients were used. The data were from 3-month re-evaluation records of an electronic periodontal charting record system in the Department of Periodontology of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from June 2008 to January 2015. Descriptive analyses included changes in probing depth (PD) and the Mazza bleeding index (BI). Two-level (patient and tooth) logistic regression models and three-level (patient, tooth, and site) linear regression models were constructed to analyze the influence of LA on PD for all teeth/sites and teeth/sites with an initial PD ≥ 5 mm. Decreases in PD and BI at sites under LA using the initial PD were also compared. RESULTS: A significantly higher mean decrease in PD after NSPT was found in the LA group than in the no local anesthesia (NLA) group (0.98 vs. 0.54 mm, t = 24.12, P < 0.001). A significantly higher probability of decreases was found in the LA group in BI (percentages of teeth with BI > 1 and BI > 2) for all teeth (16.7% vs. 13.8%, t = 3.75, P < 0.001; 34.7% vs. 28.1%, t = 6.73, P < 0.001) and PD for teeth with PD ≥ 5 mm (32.3% vs. 17.3%, t = 28.48, P < 0.001). The difference in PD between the LA and NLA groups increased as the initial PD increased. The difference between the two groups was 0.12 to 0.22 mm for sites with a baseline PD < 7 mm; however, it increased to 0.41 to 1.37 mm for sites with a baseline PD ≥ 7 mm. CONCLUSIONS: LA improved the decrease in PD after NSPT. Root debridement at sites with initial PD ≥ 7 mm should be performed under routine LA.

[Preliminary study on analysis method of spontaneous smile and application].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the smile esthetic elements of Chinese Han-nationality female based on high definition (HD) digital camera with computer-image measuring technique. METHODS: HD digital camera was used to capture spontaneous smile process combined with computer-image measuring technique to establish the analysis method of smile. Ninety-nine Han-nationality female with normal gingiva, aged from 20 to 30 years were recruited. The lip-incisor edge distance, gingival display were measured. The data was statistically analyzed. RESULTS: A standard and objective method to analyze spontaneous smile was established. Forty-three percent (43/99) of the subjects studied were classified as having a high smile and average smile respectively, 13% (13/99) as having a low smile. Gingival display accounted for (1.34 ± 0.98) mm in high smile type. CONCLUSIONS: Average smile and high smile type were most common in the Chinese Han-nationality female studied.

[Cooperative development and application of electronic periodontal examination chart].

OBJECTIVE: To develop an electronic system (software) for collecting and analyzing periodontal examination data, and preliminarily evaluate its clinical application. METHODS: The contents and frame of electronic periodontal examination system were designed based on the aim and requirement of periodontal examination, and the software system was developed under the assistance from computer engineers. The electronic system was implemented for entry, storage, retrieval and output of clinical data and data conversion. A questionnaire survey was performed in 23 periodontists and 20 nurses to evaluate the clinical application of this software. RESULTS: An electronic periodontal examination system was developed, which was used for entry, storage, retrieval and output of clinical data, and converting data into chart. Most nurses could handle this software after 15 minutes of training. Thirteen nurses and 17 periodontists recognized that clinical work efficiency could be improved by application of this software. Nineteen nurses and all periodontists agreed that this software could meet clinical requirements. CONCLUSIONS: The electronic periodontal examination system can fulfill clinical requirements and is helpful for clinical treatment and research work.