RESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y trasversal, en el 2016, en 350 personas con diabetes mellitus de tipo 2, pertenecientes al Policlínico Docente Julián Grimau García del municipio de Santiago de Cuba y seleccionadas por muestreo probabilístico, bietápico, sistemático en fase, a fin de caracterizarles según variables clínicas y epidemiológicas. En la casuística predominaron el sexo femenino y el grupo etario de 60-69 años, así como la hipertensión arterial y la obesidad entre las comorbilidades; la neuropatía diabética y la enfermedad vascular periférica fueron las complicaciones referidas con más frecuencia, y primaron las personas diabéticas con 10 años o menos de tiempo de evolución. El tabaquismo y la ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas resultaron más frecuentes en los hombres, mientras que la ingestión de bebidas azucaradas y el sedentarismo se manifestaron de manera similar en ambos sexos. Los hipoglucemiantes de consumo oral constituyeron el tratamiento farmacológico preponderante, en tanto los conocimientos sobre la enfermedad resultaron adecuados, pero la conducta fue incorrecta en cuanto al cumplimiento terapéutico, y existió una pobre práctica de estilos saludables, así como insuficientes percepción y práctica del autocuidado y la autorresponsabilidad.
A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the 2016 with 350 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, belonging to Julián Grimau García Teaching Polyclinic of Santiago de Cuba municipality who were selected through systematic in phase double-staged probabilistic sampling aimed at characterizing them according to clinical and epidemiological variables. Female sex and the age group 60-69 prevailed in the case material, as well as the hypertension and obesity among the comorbilities; diabetic neuropathy and the peripheric vascular disease were the most common complications referred more frequently, and diabetic patients with 10 years or less of clinical course prevailed. The smoking habit and alcohol consumption were more frequent in the men, while the consumption of sugared drinks and sedentarism had similar patterns in both sexes. Hypoglucemics of oral consumption constituted the predominant pharmacological treatment, while the knowledge on the disease was appropriate, but the behaviour was not adequate as for the therapeutic fulfillment, and there was a poor practice of healthy styles, as well as scarce perception and practice of self-care and self-responsability.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Doenças não Transmissíveis/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal para determinar la estratificación del pie de riesgo y los factores concurrentes en 534 pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo 2, pertenecientes a las áreas de salud de los policlínicos docentes Dr Carlos J Finlay y Julián Grimau del municipio de Santiago de Cuba, durante el segundo trimestre de 2016 y dispensarizados en los consultorios médicos correspondientes. Entre los principales resultados sobresalió la frecuencia elevada en los grados 1, 2 y 3 de la estratificación del pie de riesgo y la baja en la categoría sin riesgo, mientras que entre los factores concurrentes predominaron la hiperqueratosis plantar, el hallux valgus, la edad mayor de 40 años, la neuropatía periférica, la enfermedad arterial periférica, el calzado inadecuado y la obesidad
An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study to determine the stratification of the risky feet and the concurrent factors in 534 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, belonging to the health areas of Dr Carlos J Finlay and Julián Grimau Teaching polyclinics in Santiago de Cuba municipality was carried out during the second trimester of 2016 and they were classified in their corresponding doctors´ offices. Among the main results there were the increased frequency in the 1, 2 and 3 degrees of the stratification of the risky foot and the low frequency in the category without risk, while among the concurrent factors the plantar hyperkeratosis, the hallux valgus, more than 40 years of age, peripheral neuropathy, the peripheral arterial disease, inadequate shoes and obesity prevailed
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pé Diabético/classificação , Pé Diabético/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Observacionais como AssuntoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Autism spectrum disorders are severe neurodevelopmental disorders with a strong genetic component. The potential role of the serotoninergic system in the development of autistic disorder has been based on the observation of hyperserotoninemia in autistic subjects and the results of drug treatment studies. Multiple molecules involved in serotonin metabolism and neurotransmission have been studied; however, replication studies have been inconsistent. This may be partially related to the marked genetic heterogeneity of autism in different populations. OBJECTIVES: The relationship between autism and single nucleotide polymorphisms of SLC6A4, HTR2A and ITGB3 genes was evaluated in an urban population of northwestern Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In Antioquia, Colombia, 42 families with history of autism were screened for 10 SNPs in SLC6A4, HTR2A and ITGB3 genes and evaluated for associations with the transmission disequilibrium test. The interactions among these genes and autism was assessed with multidimensional reduction methods. RESULTS: A significant main effect was seen among the SLC6A4 gene variants rs4583306 (OR=2.6, p=0.004) and rs2066713 (OR=2.2, p=0.03). No main effect of the ITGB3 or HTR2A variants was found, however, in the interaction effects, the SLC6A4 and HTR2A genes demonstrated significant evidence of association with autism (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Significant association of markers were discovered within the SLC6A4 gene and the combination of SLC6A4 and HTR2A (S-A) genes to autism. These results were consistent with previous studies conducted in other populations and provide further evidence for the implication of the serotoninergic system in the etiology of autistic disorders.
Assuntos
Transtornos Globais do Desenvolvimento Infantil/genética , Epistasia Genética , Integrina beta3/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Receptor 5-HT2A de Serotonina/genética , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Serotonina/genética , Criança , Transtornos Globais do Desenvolvimento Infantil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Masculino , Serotonina/fisiologia , Avaliação de SintomasRESUMO
Antecedentes: la hiperglucemia en el paciente crítico se asocia a un mal pronóstico. Objetivo: determinar la relación existente, entre la hiperglucemia y el pronóstico, de hospitalizados por enfermedad cerebrovascular con y sin diabetes tipo 2. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, correlacional, de corte transversal. Se revisaron 570 historias clínicas de hospitalizados consecutivamente (años 2010-2012), por enfermedad cerebrovascular, en el Hospital Universitario Comandante Manuel Fajardo, en La Habana. Se dividieron en 3 grupos: 1) sin antecedentes de diabetes tipo 2 con hiperglucemia en la primera glucemia en ayunas; 2) con diagnóstico conocido de diabetes tipo 2 previo; y 3) sin diabetes tipo 2 normoglucémicos. Las variables estudiadas fueron: clínicas, primera glucemia en ayunas, promedio de las glucemias durante la hospitalización, tratamiento antihiperglucémico de insulinoterapia (indicación y modalidad [convencional o dosis múltiples]), evolución de la diabetes y sus complicaciones, y se correlacionaron con el tipo de enfermedad cerebrovascular y el pronóstico. Resultados: la enfermedad isquémica predominó significativamente sobre la hemorrágica en todos los grupos: 1) 77,2 por ciento; 2) 91,6 por ciento; y 3) 91,8 por ciento. Se asoció a edades > 70 años (p= 0,002), al sexo femenino (p= 0,042) y al promedio de las glucemias durante la hospitalización (p= 0,000). El punto de corte de la primera glucemia en ayunas y el promedio de las glucemias durante la hospitalización fue para las complicaciones neurológicas de 7,3 mmol/L, para las extraneurológicas de 6,9 % y para la mortalidad de 7 mmol/L. Conclusiones: la primera glucemia en ayunas y el promedio de las glucemias durante la hospitalización son indicadores de mal pronóstico en personas con enfermedad cerebrovascular(AU)
Background: presence of hyperglycemia in a critical patient is a sign of bad prognosis. Objective: to determine the relationship between hyperglycemia and prognosis in hospitalized patients suffering cerebrobascular diseases with/without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study which analyzed 570 clinical histories of hospitalized patients suffering cerebrovascular disease in the 2010-2012 period in Comandante Manuel Fajardo university hospital located in Havana. They were divided into 3 groups: 1) no history of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia seen in the first glycemia test on fasting 2) previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 3) normoglycecimia without type 2 diabetes. The studied variables were clinical ones, first glycemia on fasting, glycemia average during the hospital stay, anti-hyperglycemia treatment based on insulin therapy (indications and modalities [conventional or multiple doses]), progression of diabetes and its complications; and they were correlated with type of cerebrovascular disease and prognosis. Results: ischemic disease significantly predominated over the hemorrhagic disease in all the groups 1) 77.2 percent, 2) 91.6 percent and 3) 91.8 percent. It was associated to ages over 70 years (p= 0.002), being female (p= 0.042) and glycemia average values during hospitalization (p= 0.000). The cutoff point of the first glycemia on fasting and the glycemia average values during hospitalization was 7.3 mmol/L for neurological complications, 6.9 percent for extra-neurological ones and 7 mmol/L for mortality. Conclusions: first glycemia on fasting and the glycemia average values during hospitalization are bad prognosis indicators in patients with a cerebrovascular disease(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Traumatismo Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Hiperglicemia/complicações , Prognóstico , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
Introducción. El espectro autista constituye un grupo de trastornos graves del neurodesarrollo, con un fuerte componente genético. Se ha sugerido un papel importante del sistema serotoninérgico en el desarrollo de este grupo de trastornos, con base en los estudios de respuesta a medicamentos y la hiperserotoninemia, característica común en el autismo. Se han implicado múltiples moléculas en el metabolismo y la neurotransmisión de la serotonina; sin embargo, los resultados de los estudios han tenido poca congruencia entre diferentes poblaciones. Objetivos. Evaluar la relación entre el autismo y el polimorfismo de nucleótido simple (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, SNP) en los genes SLC6A4, HTR2A e ITGB3, en una muestra de la población antioqueña. Materiales y métodos. Se genotipificaron 42 núcleos familiares con autismo para 10 variantes en los genes SLC6A4, ITGB3 y HTR2A. Se evaluó la asociación utilizando la prueba de desequilibrio en la transmisión. Se exploró el impacto de la interacción entre estos genes y el autismo, utilizando la reducción multidimensional. Resultados. Se encontró asociación de las variantes rs4583306 (OR=2,6, p=0,004) y rs2066713 (OR=2,2 p=0,03), en el gen SLC6A4, y asociación de combinaciones genotípicas entre los genes SLC6A4 y HTR2A y el riesgo de autismo (p=0,0001). Conclusiones. Se encontró asociación significativa con variantes en el gen transportador de serotonina con el autismo, al igual que interacción entre variantes en los genes HTR2A con SLC6A4. Estos resultados concuerdan con los de estudios previos en otras poblaciones y son pruebas a favor del papel del sistema serotoninérgico en la etiología del espectro autista.
Introduction. Autism spectrum disorders are severe neurodevelopmental disorders with a strong genetic component. The potential role of the serotoninergic system in the development of autistic disorder has been based on the observation of hyperserotoninemia in autistic subjects and the results of drug treatment studies. Multiple molecules involved in serotonin metabolism and neurotransmission have been studied; however, replication studies have been inconsistent. This may be partially related to the marked genetic heterogeneity of autism in different populations. Objectives. The relationship between autism and single nucleotide polymorphisms of SLC6A4, HTR2A and ITGB3 genes was evaluated in an urban population of northwestern Colombia. Materials and methods. In Antioquia, Colombia, 42 families with history of autism were screened for 10 SNPs in SLC6A4, HTR2A and ITGB3 genes and evaluated for associations with the transmission disequilibrium test. The interactions among these genes and autism was assessed with multidimensional reduction methods. Results. A significant main effect was seen among the SLC6A4 gene variants rs4583306 (OR=2.6, p=0.004) and rs2066713 (OR=2.2, p=0.03). No main effect of the ITGB3 or HTR2A variants was found, however, in the interaction effects, the SLC6A4 and HTR2A genes demonstrated significant evidence of association with autism (p<0.001). Conclusion. Significant association of markers were discovered within the SLC6A4 gene and the combination of SLC6A4 and HTR2A (S-A) genes to autism. These results were consistent with previous studies conducted in other populations and provide further evidence for the implication of the serotoninergic system in the etiology of autistic disorders.