School type and oral conditions associated with school performance and absenteeism in adolescents: A multilevel analysis.

BACKGROUND: Investigations assessing how oral health status affects school performance and attendance considering individual and community variables are lacking. AIM: To analyze the association of school contextual factors and oral conditions with school performance and absenteeism in early adolescence. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 593 12-year-old students from 20 schools in Passo Fundo, a southern city in Brazil. The caregivers provided sociodemographic information by means of a questionnaire. Oral health status was clinically examined for dental caries and gingival bleeding. Students answered the CPQ11-14 questionnaire to assess the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Information on contextual factors was obtained from the schools' administrators. "School performance" was measured by Portuguese and Mathematic tests' scores, and "school absenteeism" by the number of school days missed. Descriptive statistics was conducted, followed by unadjusted and adjusted multilevel linear regression. RESULTS: At the individual level, low OHRQoL was associated with lower school performance and higher absenteeism. At the contextual level, students from private schools had higher school performance and lower mean of school days missed. CONCLUSIONS: The type of school and OHRQoL were associated with school performance and attendance of adolescents.

The impact of oral rehabilitation with implants in nutrition and quality of life: A questionnaire-based survey on self-perception.

BACKGROUND: The association between tooth loss and masticatory problems may influence on food choices and consequently impact nutrition and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate impact of oral rehabilitation with implants in nutrition and quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed. The Questionnaire for Healthy Habits (QHH) and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) tools were used to assess nutrition and oral health status, respectively. Oral implants were placed and the adjacent the bone was radiographically assessed. The mean outcomes of the QHH between pre- and post-rehabilitation periods were assessed with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The OHIP-14 was assessed using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The implant surfaces showed a significant bone loss after six and 24 months of rehabilitation (p<0.001). There was no significant change in the masticatory pattern of patients (p>0.05). Nevertheless, the patients perceived a significant reduction in discomfort (p<0.02) when eating, after 24 months of the rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm the hypothesis that oral rehabilitation with implants may not trigger direct improvement in nutrition. However, it plays an especial role improving quality of life. Key words:Dentistry, nutrition, oral implants, quality of life.

Relationship between dentition, anthropometric measurements, and metabolic syndrome in the elderly / Relação entre dentição, medidas antropométricas e síndrome metabólica em idosos

Abstract Introduction Tooth loss is a health disorder of the elderly population that may lead to masticatory deficiency and nutritional risks, inducing the biochemical changes of metabolic syndrome (MS). Objective To verify the relationship among number of teeth, anthropometric measurements, and MS in a group of elderly people. Material and method The study was developed in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, and it was divided into three phases. The first phase collected information from the database of all project participants and the second one collected sociodemographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data. The third phase was divided into two other phases: first, oral health interviews were applied to the elderly (281 patients evaluated by telephone and 23 visited at home) and second, 45 patients were randomly selected and invited to validate the data obtained by telephone with oral clinical examinations performed by a trained dental surgeon. The sample consisted of 304 individuals. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed using statistical tests. Result Elderly women with severe tooth loss present a significantly higher risk of developing MS. Thus, the maintenance of natural teeth in the elderly is a protective factor for the syndrome. Conclusion The findings support the hypothesis that the oral health of individuals, expressed by the number of teeth, may compromise and increase the risk of MS in the elderly.

Resumo Introdução A perda dentária é um distúrbio de saúde dos idosos que pode levar à deficiência mastigatória e riscos nutricionais, induzindo alterações bioquímicas da síndrome metabólica (SM). Objetivo Verificar a relação entre número de dentes, medidas antropométricas e SM em um grupo de idosos. Material e método O estudo foi desenvolvido na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, e foi dividido em três fases. A primeira fase coletou informações do banco de dados de todos os participantes do projeto e a segunda coletou dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos e bioquímicos. A terceira fase foi dividida em duas outras fases: primeiro foram aplicadas entrevistas de saúde bucal aos idosos (281 pacientes avaliados por ligações telefônicas e 23 atendidos em domicílio) e, segundo, 45 pacientes foram selecionados aleatoriamente e convidados a validar os dados obtidos por telefone com exames clínicos orais. A amostra foi composta por 304 indivíduos. Os dados coletados foram tabulados e analisados ​​por meio de testes estatísticos. Resultado Mulheres idosas com perda dentária severa apresentam um risco significativamente maior de desenvolver SM. Assim, a manutenção dos dentes naturais nos idosos é um fator protetor para a síndrome. Conclusão Os achados reforçam a hipótese de que a saúde bucal dos indivíduos, expressa pelo número de dentes, pode comprometer e aumentar o risco de SM em idosos.

Oral and maxillofacial injuries in preschool children: a study in a hospital in southern Brazil

Oral and maxillofacial (OMF) injuries in children may lead to developmental and functional disorders. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the pattern of OMF injuries in preschool children admitted to the emergency department of a hospital in southern Brazil. Subjects and method: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,533 patients admitted from January to December 2011 to identify children aged 0 to 5 years with a diagnosis of OMF trauma. Data were collected on demographic, seasonal and clinical variables. Results: The sample consisted of 288 preschool children (aged 0-5 years) with OMF injuries. Of these, 61.1% were male and 53.2% were <3 years of age. Most children (84.8%) received first medical care from an dentist. Isolated facial injuries were the most common type of injury (85.1%) in this age group. Soft tissue injuries were the most common injury outcome (77.9%), occurring mainly in the nose and lips. Random accidents were the most common cause of OMF trauma (87.7%), and injuries due to falls occurred in 85.9% of these cases. The most common dental trauma was tooth displacement (69.6%). Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings indicate a higher prevalence of OMF injuries in soft tissues, especially in boys in the first three years of life. Falls were the leading cause of injury. Information related to OMF injuries in children are essential for the control of accidents and development of public health policies.

Oral hygiene, dietary habits and prevalence of dental caries in adolescents from rural and urban areas in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Higiene bucal, hábitos alimentares e prevalência de cárie dentária em adolescentes da zona rural e urbana no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the condition of oral hygiene, dietary habits and prevalence of dental caries in adolescents, listing these habits and comparing residents from rural and urban areas. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving of 623 adolescents of both sexes, aged 12 to 17 year old in Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil. Data were collected through sociodemographic questionnaires and dental examination. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the exposure variables and outcome. A bivariate analysis was then performed using the Chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of caries was 63.6%, in which adolescents living in rural areas had a prevalence of 70.7% and 56.4% in the urban area. The level of mother's education ≤4 years and socioeconomic class B1/B2 and C1/C2 showed statistically significant differences between the areas of residence. Among the demographic variables, the rural area showed a higher prevalence of caries. Conclusion: The results showed a high prevalence of dental caries among the adolescents studied and indicate a correlation between prevalence and the low level of mother's education, socioeconomic status (low to medium) and residence in rural areas. It should be understood that, while the multifactorial nature and stratified caries actions are not taken into consideration, the actions implemented will continue to fail, frustrating the expectations set by government entities.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a condição de higiene bucal, hábitos alimentares e prevalência de cárie dentária em adolescentes, relacionando tais hábitos e comparando residentes da zona rural e urbana. Métodos: Estudo transversal, composto por 623 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 12 e 17 anos do município de Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados através de questionários sociodemográficos e exame clínico odontológico. Realizou-se análise descritiva das variáveis de exposição e desfecho. A análise bivariada foi realizada através de teste de qui-quadrado. Resultados: A prevalência de cárie foi de 63,6%, na qual os adolescentes da zona rural apresentaram prevalência de 70,7% e os da zona urbana 56,4%. O grau de instrução materna ≤4 anos e a classe socioeconômica B1/B2 e C1/C2 apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as zonas de moradia. Entre as variáveis demográficas, a zona rural apresentou maior prevalência de cárie. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciaram alta prevalência de cárie entre os adolescentes e indicam uma correlação da prevalência com a baixa escolaridade materna, classe socioeconômica (média a baixa) e a residência na zona rural. Deve-se compreender que, enquanto não for levado em consideração a multifatoriedade e a ação estratificada da doença cárie, as ações implementadas continuarão falhando e frustrando as expectativas estabelecidas pelas entidades governamentais.

Amelogenesis imperfecta in a child with cerebral palsy / Amelogenese imperfecta em uma criança com paralisia cerebral

Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) is an inherited alteration that affects the enamel of primary and permanent teeth, with no systemic manifestations. Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a congenital condition that affects the central nervous system before the age of two, influencing the performance of activities usually conducted by children with normal development. The objective of this study was to describe the dental treatment performed in a 10-year-old child with both amelogenesis imperfecta and cerebral palsy. The family of the child sought the office of the extension project "Gaining Health: Dental Care for Patients with Disabilities" of the Lutheran University of Brazil, located in the city of Canoas, in search of aesthetic rehabilitation. Upon physical and radiographic examination, the AI diagnosis was confirmed. The use of physical restraint with the consent of the parents was necessary to perform dental care. The treatment began with orientations on oral hygiene and eating habits, in addition to supragingival scaling. Next, it was decided to cover the posterior teeth with glass ionomer and to reconstruct the anterior teeth with resin-based composite, using acetate crowns. In the follow-up of the case, an improvement in oral health and aesthetics of the patient was observed. Moreover, this report demonstrates that the complex dental care of disabled patients can be performed in an outpatient environment.

A Amelogênese Imperfeita (AI) é uma alteração hereditária que afeta o esmalte dentário dos dentes decíduos e permanentes, com ausência de manifestações sistêmicas. A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) é uma alteração congênita que afeta o sistema nervoso central antes dos dois anos de idade, dificultando o desempenho de atividades frequentemente realizadas por crianças com desenvolvimento normal. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o tratamento odontológico realizado em criança com 10 anos de idade com Amelogênese Imperfeita e Paralisia Cerebral. A família procurou a clínica do Projeto de Extensão "Conquistando Saúde: Atendimento odontológico à pacientes com deficiência" da Universidade Luterana do Brasil Canoas/RS em busca de reabilitação estética. Ao exame físico e radiográfico confirmou-se o diagnóstico de AI. A utilização de estabilização física com a concordância dos pais foi necessária para a realização do tratamento odontológico. O tratamento iniciou com orientações de higiene bucal, dieta e raspagens supra gengivais. Na sequência, optou-se pelo recobrimento com ionômero de vidro dos dentes posteriores e reconstrução dos anteriores com resina composta utilizando-se coroas de acetato. No acompanhamento do caso observou-se melhora na saúde bucal e estética da paciente. Além disso, este relato demonstra que o atendimento odontológico complexo em pacientes com deficiência pode ser realizado em ambiente ambulatorial.

Osteoma periférico en ángulo mandibular: relato del caso / Peripheral osteoma of the mandibular angle: report of a case

Los osteomas periféricos mandibulares son tumores óseos poco frecuentes, constituidos por tejido óseo, y se caracterizan por un crecimiento lento y asintomático, por lo que generalmente se diagnostican en un examen de rutina de forma casual. A pesar que los osteomas se ven asociados más comúnmente al Síndrome de Gardner, existen casos en la literatura referidos a la aparición de lesiones solitarias. La naturaleza de esta entidad es sumamente controvertida en cuanto a si es una neoplasia ósea verdadera o una hiperplasia ósea reactiva; la disyuntiva se atribuye a factores tales como traumatismos e inflamaciones. El presente estudio reporta el caso de un osteoma periférico aislado en un paciente de sexo masculino, de 30 años, localizado en la región del ángulo mandibular izquierdo. La lesión fue evidente para el paciente al percibir un aumento de volumen y una ligera asimetría facial izquierda. El tratamiento consistió en la escisión quirúrgica del tumor y seguimiento.En 8 años posteriores al tratamiento quirúrgico, no se detectó recidiva o alguna otra complicación.

Peripheral osteomas of the mandible are rare, benign tumors of bone, consisting of well-differentiated mature bone, slow-growing and asymptomatic to the patient. Although osteomas are characteristic findings in Gardner’s Syndrome, nonsyndromic cases are typically solitary. The pathogenesis of peripheral osteomas is still controversial. They are referred to true neoplasms or as either developmental abnormalities and are attributed to several factors as traumatisms and inflammations. The purpose of this article is to present a case of an osteoma of angle left mandibular, in a 30-year-old man, that seek treatment for a slowly enlarging submandibular. Treatment was by surgical excision and histological examination. The patient remains free of recurrence and other complications after 8 years.