[Portrayal of cancer prevalence and mortality in Chilean digital media]. / Representación de la incidencia y de la mortalidad por cáncer en los medios de comunicación chilenos.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is the second death cause in Chile. The Chilean National Cancer Act will secure treatment and labor protection for people diagnosed with cancer. AIM: To answer questions regarding the media portrayal of cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Through data-mining and the conduction of content analysis, 2,523 news titles about cancer were analysed. The news titles were obtained from 345 Chilean digital media which published cancer related news on Twitter between January and December 2019. An attempt was made to answer two research questions, namely are cancer incidence and mortality rates portrayed in a corresponding magnitude in the Chilean digital media? and what words are commonly used for this purpose? RESULTS: There is not a coherence between the incidence and mortality of the main cancer types in Chile and the amount of content published in communication media. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with international studies. We should expect the delivery of complete, timely and effective information about cancer in communication media, aiming to educate the population and reinforce prevention.

Dermatopathology of Cutaneous Cystic Lesions: A Practical Review With Diagnostic Clues and Pitfalls.

BACKGROUND: Cystic lesions are common in the daily practice of dermatologists and dermatopathologists, and in most cases, a straightforward diagnosis can be done. Yet, some variants and situations may cause diagnostic problems or carry prognostic and/or systemic implications. OBJECTIVE: To review the histopathological features of the most frequent cystic lesions, either true cysts or pseudocysts, and provide some clues and pitfalls to bear in mind for troublesome situations such as solid-cystic tumors; uncommon variants; incidental findings; artifactual, reactive, or infectious cavities; cysts as a warning of systemic and hereditary diseases; and malignant cystic tumors, either primary or metastatic. METHODS: The histopathological diagnostic criteria of most cystic lesions and their potential caveats will be discussed, offering some diagnostic clues. RESULTS: Cystic lesions of the skin can primarily be classified into true cysts and pseudocysts. The most frequent pseudocysts are sinus pilonidalis and mucin-filled cavities. True cysts can be divided according to their epithelial origin or differentiation into epidermal/pilar cysts, cysts from glandular appendages, and from embryonic remnants. Diagnostic dilemmas and possible pitfalls in cystic lesions are reviewed, offering some keys to solve them. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the histopathology of cystic lesions contributes to their correct diagnosis, improving the management of patients.

IgG4-related disease in thymus. A very rare case of chronic fibrosis mimicking sarcoidosis.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multi-organ immune-mediated chronic fibroinflammatory condition, with unclear certain etiology. It is morphologically characterized by storiform fibrosis, dense IgG4-positive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, and obliterative phlebitis. It was recognized as a systemic condition as recently as 2003. IgG4-RD has been described in virtually every organ, forming sclerosing masses, and often mimicking tumors. Clinically, patients present unspecific symptoms and this condition is often recognized incidentally. The epidemiology remains poorly studied, but it has been noted that in the majority of recorded instances, patients are middle-aged men. IgG4-RD could mimic conditions other than tumors, such as infection, inflammation, or other systemic disorders. To ensure accuracy of diagnosis, an exhaustive histopathological analysis is required, together with clinical, radiological, and serological data. Thymic fibrosis in the absence of other primary thymic lesions is a very rare occurrence; in English literature only 1 case has been reported with scattered IgG4 plasma cells infiltrate and focal obliterative phlebitis. We will describe, for the first time, the case of a 49-year-old man displaying an anterior mediastinic, hilar, and intramyocardial mass simulating a sarcoidosis, with a definitive diagnosis of IgG4-related thymic fibrosis extending to the mediastinum and the heart. At the histological examination, we found many features of IgG4-RD in the thymic tissue, such as diffused storiform fibrosis, dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with abundant plasma cells IgG4 positive (ratio IgG/IgG4: 40%), obliterative phlebitis, eosinophilic infiltrate, and Castleman-like lymphoid follicles. We discussed the differential diagnosis and reviewed the literature and the other cases of IgG4-related diseases that had been diagnosed in our department.

Representación de la incidencia y de la mortalidad por cáncer en los medios de comunicación chilenos / Portrayal of cancer prevalence and mortality in Chilean digital media

Background: Cancer is the second death cause in Chile. The Chilean National Cancer Act will secure treatment and labor protection for people diagnosed with cancer. Aim: To answer questions regarding the media portrayal of cancer. Material and Methods: Through data-mining and the conduction of content analysis, 2,523 news titles about cancer were analysed. The news titles were obtained from 345 Chilean digital media which published cancer related news on Twitter between January and December 2019. An attempt was made to answer two research questions, namely are cancer incidence and mortality rates portrayed in a corresponding magnitude in the Chilean digital media? and what words are commonly used for this purpose? Results: There is not a coherence between the incidence and mortality of the main cancer types in Chile and the amount of content published in communication media. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with international studies. We should expect the delivery of complete, timely and effective information about cancer in communication media, aiming to educate the population and reinforce prevention.