Persistence and enrichment of dominant T cell clonotypes in expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Adoptive cell therapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has shown promising results in cancer treatment, including breast cancer. However, clonal dynamics and clinical significance of TIL expansion ex vivo remain poorly understood. METHODS: We investigated T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire changes in expanded TILs from 19 patients with breast cancer. We compared TCR repertoire of TILs at different stages of expansion, including initial (2W TILs) and rapid expansion (REP TILs), and their overlap with formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) and peripheral blood. Additionally, we examined differences in TCR repertoire between CD4+ and CD8+ REP TILs. RESULTS: In descending order of proportion, average of 60% of the top 10% clonotypes of FFPE was retained in 2W TIL (60% in TRB, 64.7% in TRA). Among the overlapped clonotypes between 2W TILs and REP TILs, 69.9% was placed in top 30% of 2W TIL. The proportion of clonotypes in 2W TIL and REP TIL showed a significant positive correlation. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells show similar results in diversity and CDR3 length. CONCLUSIONS: Our study traces the changes in TILs repertoire from FFPE to 2W TIL and REP TIL and confirmed that clonotypes with high frequencies in TILs have a high likelihood of maintaining their priority throughout culture process.

A systematic review of the assessment tools used to measure metamemory in patients with brain injury.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to provide various assessment tools for metamemory of a patient with brain injury to develop accurate metamemory measurement methods which can be effectively applied in rehabilitation training programs in clinics. [Subjects and Methods] For this study, we carried out a systematic document search of the literature for articles published between January, 2001, and December, 2013, in order to review studies of measurement tools used to assess the metamemory of patients with brain injury. [Results] The initial search of the databases yielded 57 articles, 48 of which did not meet the inclusion criteria. Thus 9 studies were included in our review. The quality level of all the studies was IIA2b and PEDro scale scores were found to range from 4 to 6. [Conclusion] More studies need to be made, using various measurement tools for metamemory of more diverse patient groups. We believe studies should be made of the assessment of metamemory and interventions for it in accordance with the diagnoses and the cognitive levels of the patients with brain injury.

Mobile Application Applied for Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for home rehabilitation services, leading to the development and rising demand for cognitive rehabilitation apps. However, a comprehensive analysis of the content and effectiveness of these apps is needed. This study systematically reviewed and analyzed the literature on mobile apps for cognitive rehabilitation. One researcher and an external expert conducted the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment following the PRISMA Checklist 2020 guidelines. Our review of 18 studies identified 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (44.44%) of high quality and 10 non-RCT studies (55.56%) of moderate quality. Overall, 16 of the 18 studies (88.88%) demonstrated positive clinical implications for cognitive function after using cognitive rehabilitation apps. Eight studies showed a correlation between app use and improved cognitive function, and four highlighted the potential for cognitive function evaluation through apps. All studies employed various occupational therapy (OT) intervention approaches, with prevention being the most common (100%), followed by establishment and restoration (83.33%), maintenance (77.77%), and creation and promotion (38.88%). This study clinically validates the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation mobile applications from an occupational therapy perspective.

Reliability of self-administered Work Ability Index questionnaire among Korean workers.

Although the Work Ability Index (WAI) has been used in many countries, its reliability is yet to be validated in Korea. In our study, test-retest results of WAI total score, WAI category and seven subscales were compared. The correlation coefficients of WAI total score and subscales 1 and 2 between test and retest were 0.70, 0.80 and 0.63, respectively. The κ values on WAI category, subscales 4, 5, 6 and 7 were 0.52, 0.32, 0.31, 0.48 and 0.85, respectively. The results of our reliability test show that WAI scores of female, younger and private company workers were found to be higher than those of male, older and public company workers, respectively. We conclude that overall test-retest reliability of WAI in Korea is acceptable. Another notable observation from our study is that work ability dimension (subscales 1, 2 and 7) had a higher reliability, whereas health dimension (subscales 3-6) had a lower reliability.