RESUMO
Moyna of Purba Medinipur district is widely known as an aquaculture hub of West Bengal, India. Though very good production is achievable from this fish culture system, management practices are inappropriate, which could create the sustainability problem of this culture system. The present study was thus undertaken for the estimation of plankton population, water quality, carbon footprint and carbon sequestration of this intensive aquaculture practices. Information on spawn to fry, fry to fingerlings and grow-out culture were collected through the structured questionnaire from the fish farmers. The plankton density, primary productivity, carbon footprint and carbon sequestration were analyzed using standard procedures. The phytoplankton, zooplankton and primary productivity were maximum at the stocking period and minimum during the middle of culture period. The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was noticed with the minimum amount of feed applied in the pond. The CO2-e emission ranged from 0.56 to 4.89 kg CO2-e/kg fish (av. 2.13) for the production levels of 5.0 to 10.7 t/ha/yr. The pond water developed salinity and ammonium-N increased from 0.01 to 0.50 mg/l. The ponds with high feed loading (28 to 32 t/ha/yr) had the highest average sediment accumulation rate (11.0 ± 3.0 cm/yr) and carbon sequestration (704 ± 30 g C/m2/yr).
Assuntos
Pegada de Carbono , Sequestro de Carbono , Animais , Dióxido de Carbono , Aquicultura , Índia , PlânctonRESUMO
ZnO based bottom-gate thin film transistor (TFT) with SiO2 as insulating layer has been fabricated with two different structures. The effect of formation of mesa structure on the electrical characteristics of the TFTs has been studied. The formation of mesa structure of ZnO channel region can definitely result in better control over channel region and enhance value of channel mobility of ZnO TFT. As a result, by fabricating a mesa structured TFT, a better value of mobility and on-state current are achieved at low voltages. A typical saturation current of 1.85 x 10(-7) A under a gate bias of 50 V is obtained for non mesa structure TFT while for mesa structured TFT saturation current of 5 x 10(-5) A can be obtained at comparatively very low gate bias of 6.4 V.
RESUMO
A 26-year-old previously healthy female presented with a 6-month history of anemia. The laboratory findings revealed hemolytic anemia and direct antiglobulin test was positive. With a diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), prednisolone was started but was ineffective after 1 month of therapy. A bone marrow trephine biopsy revealed pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) showing severe erythroid hypoplasia. The case was considered PRCA following AIHA. This combination without clear underlying disease is rare. Human parvovirus B19 infection was not detected in the marrow aspirate during reticulocytopenia. The patient received azathioprine, and PRCA improved but significant hemolysis was once again documented with a high reticulocyte count. The short time interval between AIHA and PRCA phase suggested an increased possibility of the evolution of a single disease.
Assuntos
Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune/diagnóstico , Medula Óssea/patologia , Aplasia Pura de Série Vermelha/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune/tratamento farmacológico , Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune/imunologia , Azatioprina/administração & dosagem , Azatioprina/uso terapêutico , Biópsia , Teste de Coombs , Feminino , Humanos , Prednisolona/administração & dosagem , Prednisolona/uso terapêutico , Aplasia Pura de Série Vermelha/tratamento farmacológico , Aplasia Pura de Série Vermelha/imunologia , Contagem de Reticulócitos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We report the performance of the thin film transistors (TFTs) using ZnO as an active channel layer grown by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. The bottom gate type TFT, consists of a conventional thermally grown SiO2 as gate insulator onto p-type Si substrates. The X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that the ZnO films are preferentially orientated in the (002) plane, with the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate. A typical ZnO TFT fabricated by this method exhibits saturation field effect mobility of about 0.6134 cm2/V s, an on to off ratio of 102, an off current of 2.0 x 10(-7) A, and a threshold voltage of 3.1 V at room temperature. Simulation of this TFT is also carried out by using the commercial software modeling tool ATLAS from Silvaco-International. The simulated global characteristics of the device were compared and contrasted with those measured experimentally. The experimental results are in fairly good agreement with those obtained from simulation.
RESUMO
1. Rice bran lysolecithin (RBL) was evaluated in broiler chicken diets. In the first experiment, RBL was included in diet at 0, 0·5, 2, 8 and 32 g/kg and fed to 250 broiler chickens from 0 to 42 d of age. In the second experiment, RBL was fed at 0, 25 and 50 g/kg diet to 405 day-old broiler chickens until 21 d of age, while during the finisher phase (22-35 d of age) chickens receiving each concentration of RBL were given all three concentrations of RBL in a 3 × 3 factorial manner. The diets were isocaloric. 2. Body weight, food consumption and food conversion efficiency were unaffected by feeding RBL, while the weight of pancreas increased at ≥2 g/kg of RBL in diet (experiment 1). In experiment 2, body weight was greater in the chickens receiving RBL at either 25 or 50 g/kg (21 d) and 50 g/kg (35 d of age). At 21 d of age, food consumption was greater at 25 or 50 g RBL/kg diet, while food conversion efficiency improved with 50 g RBL/kg diet. 3. Fat digestibility increased with RBL at 32 g/kg (experiment 1) and ≤25 g/kg (experiment 2). Rice bran lysolecithin increased ready to cook weight at 50 g/kg during starter phase and decreased abdominal fat at 25 and 50 g/kg during finisher phase (experiment 2). Liver and meat fat content were not affected. 4. It is concluded that lysolecithin from rice bran oil could be used as energy supplement in broiler chicken diet.
Assuntos
Galinhas/metabolismo , Lisofosfatidilcolinas/administração & dosagem , Carne/normas , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Tecido Adiposo/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Ingestão de Energia/fisiologia , Feminino , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão/fisiologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Óleo de Farelo de ArrozRESUMO
The olfactory epithelium of Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) was investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. The elongated olfactory organ is made up of 20 to 22 primary lamellae arranged on both sides of the narrow median raphe. Sensory and non-sensory regions are located separately on each lamella. The sensory epithelium occupies the upper apical broad half and extreme basal part of the olfactory lamellae whereas the middle slender part is covered with non-sensory epithelium. The sensory epithelium consists of ciliated, microvillus, and crypt cells. The non-sensory epithelium is made up of stratified epithelial cells having different patterns of finger-like micro-ridges and mucous cells. Different cells lining the olfactory epithelium have been correlated with the functional views of the fish concerned.
Assuntos
Mucosa Olfatória/ultraestrutura , Neurônios Receptores Olfatórios/ultraestrutura , Perciformes , Olfato/fisiologia , Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Animais , Cílios/fisiologia , Cílios/ultraestrutura , Ecossistema , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/métodos , Microvilosidades/fisiologia , Microvilosidades/ultraestrutura , Muco/metabolismo , Mucosa Olfatória/citologia , Mucosa Olfatória/fisiologia , Neurônios Receptores Olfatórios/fisiologia , Perciformes/anatomia & histologia , Perciformes/fisiologia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The olfactory organ of Oreochromis nilotica was studied by means of light and scanning electron microscopes. The oval shaped olfactory apparatus consists of 19-20 lamellae radiating from a central raphe. The receptor epithelium occupies the restricted area of the middle swollen region of the lamellae and is framed with receptor cells (both ciliated and microvillous) and rod cells. The larger part of the lateral surface of the olfactory lamella is covered with non-receptor epithelium, which is made up of stratified epithelial cells and mucous cells. The functional significance of various cells lining the olfactory epithelium of this fish are discussed.
Assuntos
Ciclídeos/anatomia & histologia , Mucosa Olfatória/ultraestrutura , Neurônios Receptores Olfatórios/ultraestrutura , Animais , Microscopia Eletrônica de VarreduraRESUMO
Nanocrystalline NiFe2O4 with different particle sizes and nanocomposites of (NiFe2O4)(1-x)(Al2O3)x (x = 0.25, 0.40) were prepared by using co-precipitation method. In this method two techniques viz., 'ultrasonication' and 'magnetic stirring' during co-precipitation were used. The as prepared samples were annealed at different temperatures to obtain samples with different particle sizes. The formation of the nanocrystalline spinel phases of all the samples were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The sizes of the nanoparticles of all the samples were calculated from the broadening of the (311) line in the XRD pattern. The distribution of sizes are remarkably less in samples obtained from 'ultrasonication' technique compared to those obtained in 'magnetic stirring' technique. The different soft magnetic quantities viz., coercive field, magnetization, remanance, hysteresis losses etc. were extracted from the ac hysteresis loops observed at different frequencies. The variations of coercive field and hysteresis loss as functions of frequency and particle sizes have been studied. Mössbauer spectra of the samples along with the hysteresis loops recorded at room temperature indicate the presence of superparamagnetic (SPM) relaxations of the nanoparticles. Also, SPM relaxations have been introduced in the samples annealed at higher temperature by encapsulating the nanoparticles in non-magnetic matrix of Al2O3 with 40% coating.
RESUMO
The histological and micro-architecture of different cells lining the olfactory epithelium in Catla catla (Hamilton) have been studied by means of light and scanning electron microscopes. The oval olfactory rosette of the fish consists of a rosette of 30 to 32 primary lamellae. Each lamella is provided with restricted area of sensory epithelium in the middle region while the apical and basal part of the lamella consists of non-sensory epithelium. The non-sensory epithelium is made up of patches of ciliated supporting cells, epidermal or stratified epithelial cells with concentrically arranged microridges and scattered mucous cells. The sensory epithelium contains two types of receptor cell (microvillar and flagellated) and mucous cells. The multilayer olfactory organ in C. catla provides an acute sense of smell, and various aspects of their existence are mediated through olfactory cues.
Assuntos
Carpas/anatomia & histologia , Mucosa Olfatória/ultraestrutura , Animais , Carpas/fisiologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Mucosa Olfatória/fisiologia , Olfato/fisiologiaRESUMO
The cellular organisation of the olfactory rosettes of Etroplus suratensis was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. The oval shaped olfactory rosette of the fish consists of 12 lamellae radiating from a central raphe. The olfactory lamellae are comprised of restricted areas of sensory epithelium and broad areas of non-sensory epithelium in the apical, middle, and basal regions. The sensory epithelium contains three types of receptor cells: microvillus, ciliated, and rod cells, as well as labyrinth cells and supporting cells. The non-sensory epithelium consists of stratified epithelial and mucous cells. The transitional region between the sensory and non-sensory epithelium consists of ciliated receptor cells, mucous cells, and stratified epithelial cells. The different cells on the olfactory epithelium were discussed regarding the functional significance of the fish concerned.
Assuntos
Ciclídeos/anatomia & histologia , Ciclídeos/fisiologia , Mucosa Olfatória/citologia , Mucosa Olfatória/fisiologia , Animais , Microscopia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Microvilosidades/ultraestrutura , Mucosa Olfatória/ultraestruturaRESUMO
The nitrogenase enzyme system catalyzes the ATP (adenosine triphosphate)-dependent reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia during the process of nitrogen fixation. Nitrogenase consists of two proteins: the iron (Fe)-protein, which couples hydrolysis of ATP to electron transfer, and the molybdenum-iron (MoFe)-protein, which contains the dinitrogen binding site. In order to address the role of ATP in nitrogen fixation, the crystal structure of the nitrogenase Fe-protein from Azotobacter vinelandii has been determined at 2.9 angstrom (A) resolution. Fe-protein is a dimer of two identical subunits that coordinate a single 4Fe:4S cluster. Each subunit folds as a single alpha/beta type domain, which together symmetrically ligate the surface exposed 4Fe:4S cluster through two cysteines from each subunit. A single bound ADP (adenosine diphosphate) molecule is located in the interface region between the two subunits. Because the phosphate groups of this nucleotide are approximately 20 A from the 4Fe:4S cluster, it is unlikely that ATP hydrolysis and electron transfer are directly coupled. Instead, it appears that interactions between the nucleotide and cluster sites must be indirectly coupled by allosteric changes occurring at the subunit interface. The coupling between protein conformation and nucleotide hydrolysis in Fe-protein exhibits general similarities to the H-Ras p21 and recA proteins that have been recently characterized structurally. The Fe-protein structure may be relevant to the functioning of other biochemical energy-transducing systems containing two nucleotide-binding sites, including membrane transport proteins.
Assuntos
Azotobacter vinelandii/enzimologia , Proteínas Ferro-Enxofre/química , Nitrogenase/química , Difosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/farmacologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sítios de Ligação , Fenômenos Químicos , Físico-Química , Cristalização , Transporte de Elétrons , Hidrólise , Substâncias Macromoleculares , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Molibdoferredoxina/química , Nitrogenase/metabolismo , Conformação Proteica , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis remains a challenge to the clinician because of its rapid lethal course lacking the consistency to particular clinical signs and symptoms. Moreover, in many clinical settings use of rampant and short course antibiotic therapy prior to lumbar puncture reduces the chance of isolation of bacteria in CSF culture making the diagnosis difficult. The present study was done to evaluate a multiplex seminested PCR based method for rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis even after initiation of antibiotics. METHODS: A 16S rDNA based PCR technique was evaluated using universal bacterial primers to detect any bacterial pathogen in CSF samples. The simultaneous use of three species-specific primers in a multiplex and seminested PCR format was done to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis within 4 h. RESULTS: Analysis of 267 CSF samples obtained from suspected cases of acute bacterial meningitis revealed 94 per cent concordance in results for conventional (Gram stain and culture) and molecular methods. Conventional techniques failed to detect five PCR positive samples where clinical diagnosis, cell count and biochemical findings of CSF supported the evidence of infection. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 16S rDNA PCR were 79.24, 97.6, 89.36 and 94.88 per cent respectively when culture was considered as gold standard. The detection limit of 16S rDNA PCR was determined to be 1000 cfu/ml of E. coli and 4000 cfu/ml of S. pneumoniae. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The results suggest that 16S rDNA PCR can be used as a valuable supplementary test in routine clinical practice for diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis in hospital setting.
Assuntos
DNA Ribossômico/genética , Meningites Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Meningites Bacterianas/genética , Análise de Variância , Primers do DNA/genética , Humanos , Índia , Meningites Bacterianas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The topological architecture and functions of different cells of the olfactory epithelium in Wallago attu (Bleeker) have been systematically studied using a scanning electron microscope. The elongated olfactory rosette of the fish consists of 62 to 64 primary lamellae in each left and right rosette. Each lamella is provided with apical sensory epithelium and basal non-sensory epithelium. Topological analysis reveals that sensory epithelium contains receptor cells, ciliated supporting cells, labyrinth cells, and goblet cells. The non-sensory epithelium is made up of patches of ciliated supporting cells, epidermal or stratified epithelial cells with concentrically arranged microridges, and scattered goblet cells. Different cells on the olfactory epithelium support the view that the olfactory signalling is important to the survival of this fish in an aquatic environment.
Assuntos
Peixes/anatomia & histologia , Mucosa Olfatória/fisiologia , Mucosa Olfatória/ultraestrutura , Animais , Peixes/fisiologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/métodos , Bulbo Olfatório/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Tuberculosis (TB) infections in India account for one-third of the global burden, making it important to develop speedy, cost-effective diagnostic tools. This study evaluated recombinant RD1-encoded antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as tools for serodiagnosis by determining the immunological reactivity of these proteins against sera from healthy, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated and TB-infected individuals from Kolkata. Rv3872, Rv3875 (ESAT-6) and Rv3878 were able to discriminate healthy BCG-vaccinated controls from TB patients. Rv3872 showed the highest level of antibody response in comparison with other antigens, and also showed statistically significant differences between pulmonary (p <0.0001) or extra-pulmonary (p <0.001) TB patients and healthy BCG-vaccinated individuals. The levels of antibody were measured using 20-mer overlapping peptides spanning the entire Rv3872 sequence. The immunological reactivity against a mixture of two peptides (P8 and P9) encompassing amino-acids 57-84 correlated well with that obtained using full-length Rv3872. This result was explained by the fact that two of the predicted regions of high antigenicity lie within amino-acid residues 57-85 of Rv3872. The high sensitivity and specificity of Rv3872, as well as the mixture of two synthetic overlapping peptides derived from Rv3872, highlight their potential and argue in favour of their use in serodiagnosis of both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/imunologia , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Antígenos de Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Vacina BCG/imunologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Humanos , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/isolamento & purificação , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Testes Sorológicos , Tuberculose/imunologia , Vacinas contra a Tuberculose/imunologiaAssuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Benzamidas/efeitos adversos , Toxidermias/etiologia , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Piperazinas/efeitos adversos , Pirimidinas/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Benzamidas/uso terapêutico , Toxidermias/patologia , Exantema/induzido quimicamente , Exantema/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Mão-Pé , Humanos , Mesilato de Imatinib , Masculino , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The fine anatomical structures of the olfactory epithelium of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) have been systematically studied with the help of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The olfactory rosette is an oval structure composed of a number of lamellae arranged on a median raphe. A large part of the lateral surface of the rosette is covered with non-receptor epithelium, whereas the receptor epithelium occupies a much smaller area in the middle part. The nonreceptor epithelium is covered with a tuft of ciliated supporting cells, among which the stratified epithelial cells and mucous cells are located. The receptor epithelium is represented by the flagellated and microvillus receptor and supporting cells. Different cells on the olfactory epithelium correlate with the functional significance of the fish concerned.
Assuntos
Carpas/anatomia & histologia , Mucosa Olfatória/ultraestrutura , Animais , Cílios/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Mucosa Nasal/ultraestrutura , Neurônios/ultraestrutura , Mucosa Olfatória/inervaçãoAssuntos
COVID-19 , Pró-Calcitonina , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Cuidados Críticos , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
This report describes two patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML): one of them developed accelerated phase CML and died 8 years after diagnosis and the other is at the chronic phase. Sequence analysis of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products showed the presence of BCR-ABL fusion transcript e19a2. This finding suggests that CML carrying mu-BCR breakpoint may exhibit a clinical course similar to typical CML.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl/genética , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Adulto , Progressão da Doença , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Transcrição GênicaRESUMO
In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSPs) of different size and shape were developed, and their surface coatings were utilized to study their differential effects in enhancing antibacterial activity. In brief, MSPs with three different aspect ratios (1, 2 and 4) were prepared, doped with silver ions and finally coated with the polymer chitosan. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were treated with the MSPs. Results indicate that silver ion doped and chitosan coated MSPs with the aspect ratio of 4 (Cht/MSP4:Ag+) have the highest antimicrobial activity among the prepared series. Further studies revealed that Cht/MSP4:Ag+ was most effective against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and least effective against Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae). To investigate the detailed inhibition mechanism of the MSPs, the interaction of the nanoparticles with E.coli membranes and its intracellular DNA was assessed using various spectroscopic and imaging-based techniques. Furthermore, to increase the efficiency of the MSPs, a combinatorial antibacterial strategy was also explored, where nanoparticles, in combination with kanamycin (antibiotic), were used against Vibrio Cholerae (V. cholerae). Toxicity screening of these on MSPs was conducted on Caco-2 cells, and the results show that the dose used for antibacterial screening is below the limit of the toxicity threshold. Our findings show that both shape and surface engineering contribute positively towards killing bacteria, and the newly developed silver ion-doped and chitosan-coated MSPs have good potential as antimicrobial nanomaterials.
RESUMO
This paper reports, for the first time, the purification of a phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) from a fungus, Neurospora crassa. The protein was purified from the post-microsomal supernatant of N. crassa by successive chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex-G75 and PBE 94 (pH 4-7). The purified protein (M(r) 38,000) was found to transfer phosphatidylinositol preferentially over phosphatidylcholine, like the PLTP from the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PC transfer was completely inhibited by inactivation of free amino groups or tryptophan residues. Surprisingly, the protein did not cross-react with antibodies against the bovine brain PITP. The cellular content of the protein was maximal during the logarithmic phase of growth. However, no direct correlation between the content of the protein and PC transfer activity could be demonstrated.