RESUMO
This investigation aims at exploring the catalytic oxidation activity of iron-embedded activated carbon (FeAC) and the application for the degradation of phenol in the wet hydrogen peroxide catalytic oxidation (WHPCO). FeAC catalysts were prepared by pre-impregnating iron in coconut shell with various iron loadings in the range of 27.5 to 46.5% before they were activated. The FeAC catalysts were characterised by measuring their surface area, pore distribution, functional groups on the surface, and X-ray diffraction patterns. The effects of iron loading strongly inhibited the pore development of the catalyst but benefited the oxidation activity in WHPCO. It was found that the complete conversion of phenol was observed with all FeAC catalysts in oxidation. High level of chemical oxygen demand (COD) abatement can be achieved within the first 30 minutes of oxidation. The iron embedded in the activated carbon showed good performance in the degradation and mineralisation of phenol during the oxidation due to the active sites as iron oxides formed on the surface of the activated carbon. It was found that the embedding irons were presented in gamma-Fe(2)O(3), alpha-Fe(2)O(3), and alpha-FeCOOH forms on the activated carbon. The aging tests on FeAC catalysts showed less activity loss, and less iron leaching was found after four oxidation runs.
Assuntos
Carbono/química , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Ferro/química , Fenol/química , Purificação da Água/métodos , Catálise , Oxirredução , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Água/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Fe(III) supported on resin (Fe(III)-resin) as an effective catalyst for peroxide oxidation was prepared and applied for the degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP). Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) experiments with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant were performed in a batch rector with p-nitrophenol as the model pollutant. Under given conditions (PNP concentration 500 mg/L, H(2)O(2) 0.1 M, 80°C, resin dosage 0.6% g/mL), p-nitrophenol was almost completely removed, corresponding to an 84% of COD removal. It was found that the reaction temperature, oxidant concentration. and initial pH of solution significantly affected both p-nitrophenol conversion and COD removal by oxidation. It can be inferred from the experiments that Fe(III) supported on resin was an effective catalyst in the mineralization of p-nitrophenol. In an acidic environment of oxidation, the leaching test showed that there was only a slight leaching effect on the activity of catalytic oxidation. It was also confirmed by the aging test of catalysts in the oxidation.
Assuntos
Resinas de Troca de Cátion/química , Cloretos/química , Compostos Férricos/química , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Nitrofenóis/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Purificação da Água/métodos , Análise da Demanda Biológica de Oxigênio , Catálise , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Oxirredução , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
This study applied the non-woven material from used diaper as the carrier for bio-film process to purify the recycled water from a landscape pond at the Tainan City Municipal Culture Center (TCMCC), Taiwan. An on-site system was installed and the experiment was accomplished through three stages in 192 days with different time periods of 70 days, 63 days, and 59 days, respectively. The results showed that the non-woven media is functional for SS removal. The average SS removal of stages 1, 2, and 3 were 91%, 96%, and 95%, respectively. The highest SCOD removal efficiency of 90% occurred at stage 3. A significant color improvement of the pond water was achieved through this non-woven bio-carrier treatment system. Whole system can be without any maintenance for 139 days. The result indicated that the non-woven medium system was with a great potential in treating and recycling the pond water with stable operation and satisfactory removal performance.