RESUMO
Due to the intrinsic non-invasive nature, cost-effectiveness, high safety, and real-time capabilities, besides diagnostic imaging, ultrasound as a typical mechanical wave has been extensively developed as a physical tool for versatile biomedical applications. Especially, the prosperity of nanotechnology and nanomedicine invigorates the landscape of ultrasound-based medicine. The unprecedented surge in research enthusiasm and dedicated efforts have led to a mass of multifunctional micro-/nanosystems being applied in ultrasound biomedicine, facilitating precise diagnosis, effective treatment, and personalized theranostics. The effective deployment of versatile ultrasound-based micro-/nanosystems in biomedical applications is rooted in a profound understanding of the relationship among composition, structure, property, bioactivity, application, and performance. In this comprehensive review, we elaborate on the general principles regarding the design, synthesis, functionalization, and optimization of ultrasound-based micro-/nanosystems for abundant biomedical applications. In particular, recent advancements in ultrasound-based micro-/nanosystems for diagnostic imaging are meticulously summarized. Furthermore, we systematically elucidate state-of-the-art studies concerning recent progress in ultrasound-based micro-/nanosystems for therapeutic applications targeting various pathological abnormalities including cancer, bacterial infection, brain diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases. Finally, we conclude and provide an outlook on this research field with an in-depth discussion of the challenges faced and future developments for further extensive clinical translation and application.
Assuntos
Neoplasias , Humanos , Animais , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias/terapia , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Nanomedicina/métodos , Nanotecnologia/métodosRESUMO
The invention of silica-based bioactive glass in the late 1960s has sparked significant interest in exploring a wide range of silicon-containing biomaterials from the macroscale to the nanoscale. Over the past few decades, these biomaterials have been extensively explored for their potential in diverse biomedical applications, considering their remarkable bioactivity, excellent biocompatibility, facile surface functionalization, controllable synthesis, etc. However, to expedite the clinical translation and the unexpected utilization of silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials, it is highly desirable to achieve a thorough comprehension of their characteristics and biological effects from an overall perspective. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the state-of-the-art progress of silicon-composed biomaterials, including their classification, characteristics, fabrication methods, and versatile biomedical applications. Additionally, we highlight the multi-dimensional design of both pure and hybrid silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials and their intrinsic biological effects and interactions with biological systems. Their extensive biomedical applications span from drug delivery and bioimaging to therapeutic interventions and regenerative medicine, showcasing the significance of their rational design and fabrication to meet specific requirements and optimize their theranostic performance. Additionally, we offer insights into the future prospects and potential challenges regarding silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials. By shedding light on these exciting research advances, we aspire to foster further progress in the biomedical field and drive the development of innovative silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials with transformative applications in biomedicine.
Assuntos
Nanomedicina , Silício , Nanomedicina/métodos , Dióxido de Silício , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Materiais BiocompatíveisRESUMO
The excessive intracellular Ca2+ can induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis, which has been extensively explored for tumor therapy. However, the low Ca2+ accumulation originated from Ca2+-based nanosystems substantially weakens the therapeutic effect. Herein, a functional plant polyphenol-appended enzyodynamic nanozyme system CaFe2O4@BSA-curcumin (abbreviation as CFO-CUR) has been rationally designed and engineered to achieve magnified Ca2+ accumulation process, deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction through enzyodynamic-Ca2+ overload synergistic effect. The exogenous Ca2+ released by CaFe2O4 nanozymes under the weakly acidic tumor microenvironment and Ca2+ efflux inhibition by curcumin boost mitochondria-dominant antineoplastic efficiency. The presence of Fe components with multivalent characteristic depletes endogenous glutathione and outputs the incremental ROS due to the oxidase-, peroxidase-, glutathione peroxidase-mimicking activities. The ROS burst-triggered regulation of Ca2+ channels and pumps strengthens the intracellular Ca2+ accumulation. Especially, the exogenous ultrasound stimulation further amplifies mitochondrial damage. Both in vitro and in vivo experimental results affirm the ultrasound-augmented enzyodynamic-Ca2+ overload synergetic tumor inhibition outcomes. This study highlights the role of ultrasound coupled with functional nanozyme in the homeostasis imbalance and function disorder of mitochondria for highly efficient tumor treatment.
Assuntos
Curcumina , Neoplasias , Humanos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/farmacologia , Curcumina/farmacologia , Curcumina/uso terapêutico , Estresse Oxidativo , Apoptose , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
The advent of numerous treatment modalities with desirable therapeutic efficacy has been made possible by the fast development of nanomedicine and materdicine, among which the ultrasound (US)-triggered sonocatalytic process as minimal or non-invasive method has been frequently employed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In comparison to phototherapeutic approaches with inherent penetration depth limitations, sonocatalytic therapy shatters the depth limit of photoactivation and offers numerous remarkable prospects and advantages, including mitigated side effects and appropriate tissue-penetration depth. Nevertheless, the optimization of sonosensitizers and therapies remains a significant issue in terms of precision, intelligence and efficiency. In light of the fact that nanomedicine and materdicine can effectively enhance the theranostic efficiency, we herein aim to furnish a cutting-edge review on the latest progress and development of nanomedicine/materdicine-enabled sonocatalytic therapy. The design methodologies and biological features of nanomedicine/materdicine-based sonosensitizers are initially introduced to reveal the underlying relationship between composition/structure, sonocatalytic function and biological effect, in accompany with a thorough discussion of nanomedicine/materdicine-enabled synergistic therapy. Ultimately, the facing challenges and future perspectives of this intriguing sonocatalytic therapy are highlighted and outlined to promote technological advancements and clinical translation in efficient disease treatment.
Assuntos
Neoplasias , Terapia por Ultrassom , Humanos , Nanomedicina , Ultrassonografia , Medicina de Precisão , Neoplasias/terapia , Nanomedicina Teranóstica/métodosRESUMO
The introduction of glucose oxidase, exhibiting characteristics of glucose consumption and H2O2 production, represents an emerging antineoplastic therapeutic approach that disrupts nutrient supply and promotes efficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the instability of natural enzymes and their low therapeutic efficacy significantly impede their broader application. In this context, 2D Ca2Mn8O16 nanosheets (CMO NSs) designed and engineered to serve as a high-performance nanozyme, enhancing the enzyodynamic effect for a ferroptosis-apoptosis synergistic tumor therapy, are presented. In addition to mimicking activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, oxidase, and peroxidase, the engineered CMO NSs exhibit glucose oxidase-mimicking activities. This feature contributes to their antitumor performance through cascade catalytic reactions, involving the disruption of glucose supply, self-supply of H2O2, and subsequent efficient ROS generation. The exogenous Ca2+ released from CMO NSs, along with the endogenous Ca2+ enrichment induced by ROS from the peroxidase- and oxidase-mimicking activities of CMO NSs, collectively mediate Ca2+ overload, leading to apoptosis. Importantly, the ferroptosis process is triggered synchronously through ROS output and glutathione consumption. The application of exogenous ultrasound stimulation further enhances the efficiency of ferroptosis-apoptosis synergistic tumor treatment. This work underscores the crucial role of enzyodynamic performance in ferroptosis-apoptosis synergistic therapy against tumors.