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1.
Cureus ; 16(4): e58298, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38752058

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This study aims to compare the performance of line probe assay (LPA) on smear-negative samples with that of smear-positive samples for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and first-line drug sensitivity testing (FL DST). METHODS: A total of 196 sputum samples including both smear-positive (112) and negative (84) samples of patients suspected of PTB were subjected to LPA for TB detection and FL DST. TB culture followed by MPT 64 Ag was done and conventional FL DST was performed on all culture-positive isolates. Results of LPA on smear-negative were compared with smear-positive samples. RESULTS: The LPA confirmed the diagnosis of PTB in 104/112 smear-positive cases but in only 36/84 smear-negative cases. The assay had 47.36%, 72.72%, and 88.88% sensitivity and 86.96%, 95.23%, and 95.65% specificity in smear-negative cases compared to 89.09%, 95.83%, and 98.07% sensitivity and 100%, 98.36%, and 98.24% specificity in smear-positive cases for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), rifampicin (RMP) resistance, and isoniazid (INH) resistance, respectively. CONCLUSION: LPA performance was better on smear-positive than smear-negative sputum samples. Further larger studies are needed to justify the use of LPA on smear-negative pulmonary samples for diagnosis.

2.
Viral Immunol ; 35(4): 303-309, 2022 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35196173

RESUMO

The clinical outcome in influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus-infected subjects is determined by several factors, including host genetics. In the present study, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IFITM, MBL2, TLR3, TLR8, DDX58, IFIH1, CD55, and FCGR2, genes were investigated in influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus-infected subjects to find out their association with disease severity. Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus-infected subjects with severe disease (n = 86) and mild disease (n = 293) from western India were included in the study. The SNPs were investigated by PCR-based methods. The results revealed a higher frequency of TLR3 rs5743313 T/T genotype [odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.55 (1.08-6.04) p = 0.039] and TLR3 two-locus haplotype rs3775291-rs3775290 T-A [OR with 95% CI 7.94 (2.05-30.68)] in severe cases. Lower frequency of the mutant allele of MBL2 rs1800450 [OR with 95% CI 0.51 (0.27-0.87), p = 0.01] and TLR3 two-locus haplotype rs3775291-rs3775290 T-G [OR with 95% CI 0.48 (0.27-0.85)] was observed in severe cases compared with cases with mild disease. Higher frequency of TLR3 two-locus haplotype rs3775291-rs3775290 T-A was observed in severe cases [OR with 95% CI 7.9 (2.0-30.7)]. The allele and genotype frequencies of other SNPs were not different between the study categories. The results suggest that the functional SNPs in MBL2 and TLR3 are associated with severe disease in influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus-infected subjects.


Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Influenza Humana , Lectina de Ligação a Manose , Humanos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Índia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/genética , Influenza Humana/genética , Lectina de Ligação a Manose/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Receptor 3 Toll-Like/genética
3.
Genes (Basel) ; 12(12)2021 11 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34946862

RESUMO

Cytokines are key modulators of immune response, and dysregulated production of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines contributes to the pathogenesis of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. Cytokine production is impacted by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes coding for them. In the present study, SNPs in the IL6, TNFA, IFNG, IL17A, IL10, and TGFB were investigated for their association with disease severity and fatality in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-affected patients with mild disease (n = 293) and severe disease (n = 86). Among those with severe disease, 41 patients had fatal outcomes. In a subset of the patients, levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, IFN-γ, and IL-17 were assayed in the plasma for their association with severe disease. The frequency of TNFA rs1800629 G/A allele was significantly higher in severe cases and survived severe cases group compared to that of those with mild infection (OR with 95% for mild vs. severe cases 2.95 (1.52-5.73); mild vs. survived severe cases 4.02 (1.84-8.82)). IL10 rs1800896-rs1800872 G-C haplotype was significantly lower (OR with 95% 0.34 (0.12-0.95)), while IL10 rs1800896-rs1800872 G-A haplotype was significantly higher (OR with 95% 12.11 (2.23-76.96)) in fatal cases group compared to that of the mild group. IL-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly higher in fatal cases compared to that of survived severe cases. IL-6 levels had greater discriminatory power than IL-10 to predict progression to fatal outcome in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus-infected patients. To conclude, the present study reports the association of TNFA and IL10 SNPs with severe disease in Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus-infected subjects. Furthermore, IL-6 levels can be a potential biomarker for predicting fatal outcomes in Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infected subjects.


Assuntos
Alelos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/genética , Influenza Humana/patologia , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-6/sangue , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Adulto , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/genética , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Interleucina-10/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue
4.
Science ; 374(6570): 995-999, 2021 Nov 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34648303

RESUMO

Delhi, the national capital of India, experienced multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks in 2020 and reached population seropositivity of >50% by 2021. During April 2021, the city became overwhelmed by COVID-19 cases and fatalities, as a new variant, B.1.617.2 (Delta), replaced B.1.1.7 (Alpha). A Bayesian model explains the growth advantage of Delta through a combination of increased transmissibility and reduced sensitivity to immune responses generated against earlier variants (median estimates: 1.5-fold greater transmissibility and 20% reduction in sensitivity). Seropositivity of an employee and family cohort increased from 42% to 87.5% between March and July 2021, with 27% reinfections, as judged by increased antibody concentration after a previous decline. The likely high transmissibility and partial evasion of immunity by the Delta variant contributed to an overwhelming surge in Delhi.


Assuntos
COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/virologia , Genoma Viral , Adolescente , Adulto , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/transmissão , Criança , Humanos , Evasão da Resposta Imune , Índia/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Molecular , Filogenia , Reinfecção , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Adulto Jovem
5.
J Neuroimmunol ; 336: 577043, 2019 11 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31479868

RESUMO

TNFA, IL1B, HMGB1, IL10, CXCL8, CCL2 and CCR5 gene polymorphisms were investigated in 183 Japanese Encephalitis (JE) cases and 361 healthy controls from North India. Higher frequency of TNFA rs1800629 G/A, CCR5 rs1799987 genotypes with A allele and lower frequency of combination lacking TNFA rs1800629 A, CCR5 rs333 Δ32, andCCR5 rs1799987 A alleles and CCL2 rs1024611 G/G genotype was observed in JE cases. TNFA rs1800629 A and CCR5 rs1799987 A alleles were associated with susceptibility while combination lacking TNFA rs1800629 A, CCR5 rs333 Δ32, and rs1799987 A alleles and CCL2 rs1024611 G/G genotype was associated with protection to JE.


Assuntos
Encefalite Japonesa/epidemiologia , Encefalite Japonesa/genética , Doenças Endêmicas , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Receptores CCR5/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Encefalite Japonesa/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , Receptores CCR5/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue
6.
Viral Immunol ; 31(10): 683-688, 2018 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30475169

RESUMO

Susceptibility to severe influenza A/H1N1pdm09 virus is multifactorial. The present study was carried out in 246 patients infected with A/H1N1pdm09 virus to find out whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes coding for proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are associated with disease severity. Among the cases, 129 had mild disease, whereas 117 had severe disease. There were 27 fatal cases. TNFA rs1800629, IFNG rs2430561, IL10 rs1800872, IL10 rs1800896, and CCL2 rs1024611 SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-based methods. A significantly higher frequency of TNFA rs1800629 "G/A" genotype was observed in severe and fatal cases compared with mild and survived cases, respectively. In a dominant mode, IL10 rs1800896 "G" allele was significantly negatively associated with disease severity. IL10 rs1800896 "C/A" genotype was significantly associated with fatality in influenza A/H1N1pdm09 infections. The results suggest that SNPs in the IL10 and TNFA genes might be associated with disease severity in influenza A/H1N1pdm09-infected patients.


Assuntos
Predisposição Genética para Doença , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/imunologia , Influenza Humana/mortalidade , Interleucina-10/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Feminino , Frequência do Gene/imunologia , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/genética , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/imunologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Análise de Sobrevida , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Adulto Jovem
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