New evidence on the protector effect of weight gain in retinopathy of prematurity.

INTRODUCTION: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is characterised by insufficient vascular development in the retina, and requires early treatment to avoid visual disability in severe cases. ROP is currently the second leading cause of preventable child blindness in the world. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was an observational, retrospective, case-control study including 233 preterm infants examined between 1999 and 2019. RESULTS: Postnatal weight gain in the first 4 weeks of life, birth weight, gestational age, mechanical ventilation, transfusion, presence of sepsis, persistence of arterial ductus, necrotising enterocolitis, intraventricular haemorrhage, or periventricular leukomalacia were found to be significantly different between the ROP groups requiring and not requiring treatment. The mean postnatal weight gain in the ROP group not requiring treatment was 12.75 ±â€¯5.99 g/day, whereas it was 9.50 ±â€¯5.45 g/day in the ROP group requiring treatment. The risk of developing ROP that required treatment decreased with an increase in weight gain. The risk reduction was 2.76%-8.35% in preterm infants gaining 10 g/day, and 7.17%-12.76% in infants gaining 20 g/day. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of developing ROP requiring treatment decreased with increasing weight gain in the first 4 weeks of life. This was applicable in infants with postnatal weight gain ≥14 g/day. However, gestational age, birth weight, time of mechanical ventilation, and comorbidity should be taken into account when evaluating the risk of ROP requiring treatment.

Risk Calculator for Retinopathy of Prematurity Requiring Treatment.

Importance: Vascular delay that occurs early in the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a risk factor that can be compensated by ensuring a good rate of retinal vascularization to avoid ROP that requires treatment. Background: The objective of the present study was to determine the association between ROP that requires treatment and risk factors such as the extent of the temporal avascular area of the retina and the number of days of mechanical ventilation (MV). Design: Observational retrospective case-control study. Participants: Two hundred and twenty-eight premature newborns included in the screening protocol for retinopathy of prematurity. Methods: Subjects underwent retinal examination in the 4 and 6th postnatal weeks. Main Outcome Measures: The temporal avascular area was measured in disc diameters (DD), while the MV time was measured in days of treatment. Results: Patients with a longer MV time had a higher risk of treatment (R 2: 24.7, p < 0.0001; increase in risk of 8.1% for each additional day), as did those who showed greater avascular area (R 2: 24.7, p < 0.0001; increase in risk of 111% for each additional DD). An online calculator system and a table are presented for calculating the risk of ROP requiring treatment as a function of these two risk factors. Conclusions and Relevance: The temporal avascular area of the retina and MV time must be taken into account in the first examination of the newborn to predict the need for ROP treatment.

Multicenter validation study of the WINROP algorithm as a method for detecting retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: To assess the validity of the online WINROP algorithm in two Spanish populations of premature infants.Materials and methods: The study population consisted of 502 premature infants born in the San Cecilio University Hospital of Granada and the Regional University Hospital of Málaga in the years 2000-2015. The WINROP algorithm was used to determine an alarm threshold for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The results were compared with those obtained from serial examinations of premature infants.Results: The global WINROP algorithm showed a sensitivity of 62%, specificity of 74%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 59%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 77%. This algorithm showed a greater sensitivity (76%) to identify severe ROP.Conclusions: The WINROP screening algorithm in this study showed moderate sensitivity, so many ROP cases amenable to treatment were not detected. Other criteria should be added to the algorithm to increase the sensitivity.