Fungal diversity notes 1512-1610: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa.

This article is the 14th in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein we report 98 taxa distributed in two phyla, seven classes, 26 orders and 50 families which are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were collected from Australia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, China, Cyprus, Egypt, France, French Guiana, India, Indonesia, Italy, Laos, Mexico, Russia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. There are 59 new taxa, 39 new hosts and new geographical distributions with one new combination. The 59 new species comprise Angustimassarina kunmingense, Asterina lopi, Asterina brigadeirensis, Bartalinia bidenticola, Bartalinia caryotae, Buellia pruinocalcarea, Coltricia insularis, Colletotrichum flexuosum, Colletotrichum thasutense, Coniochaeta caraganae, Coniothyrium yuccicola, Dematipyriforma aquatic, Dematipyriforma globispora, Dematipyriforma nilotica, Distoseptispora bambusicola, Fulvifomes jawadhuvensis, Fulvifomes malaiyanurensis, Fulvifomes thiruvannamalaiensis, Fusarium purpurea, Gerronema atrovirens, Gerronema flavum, Gerronema keralense, Gerronema kuruvense, Grammothele taiwanensis, Hongkongmyces changchunensis, Hypoxylon inaequale, Kirschsteiniothelia acutisporum, Kirschsteiniothelia crustaceum, Kirschsteiniothelia extensum, Kirschsteiniothelia septemseptatum, Kirschsteiniothelia spatiosum, Lecanora immersocalcarea, Lepiota subthailandica, Lindgomyces guizhouensis, Marthe asmius pallidoaurantiacus, Marasmius tangerinus, Neovaginatispora mangiferae, Pararamichloridium aquisubtropicum, Pestalotiopsis piraubensis, Phacidium chinaum, Phaeoisaria goiasensis, Phaeoseptum thailandicum, Pleurothecium aquisubtropicum, Pseudocercospora vernoniae, Pyrenophora verruculosa, Rhachomyces cruralis, Rhachomyces hyperommae, Rhachomyces magrinii, Rhachomyces platyprosophi, Rhizomarasmius cunninghamietorum, Skeletocutis cangshanensis, Skeletocutis subchrysella, Sporisorium anadelphiae-leptocomae, Tetraploa dashaoensis, Tomentella exiguelata, Tomentella fuscoaraneosa, Tricholomopsis lechatii, Vaginatispora flavispora and Wetmoreana blastidiocalcarea. The new combination is Torula sundara. The 39 new records on hosts and geographical distribution comprise Apiospora guiyangensis, Aplosporella artocarpi, Ascochyta medicaginicola, Astrocystis bambusicola, Athelia rolfsii, Bambusicola bambusae, Bipolaris luttrellii, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Chlorophyllum squamulosum, Colletotrichum aeschynomenes, Colletotrichum pandanicola, Coprinopsis cinerea, Corylicola italica, Curvularia alcornii, Curvularia senegalensis, Diaporthe foeniculina, Diaporthe longicolla, Diaporthe phaseolorum, Diatrypella quercina, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Helicoma aquaticum, Lepiota metulispora, Lepiota pongduadensis, Lepiota subvenenata, Melanconiella meridionalis, Monotosporella erecta, Nodulosphaeria digitalis, Palmiascoma gregariascomum, Periconia byssoides, Periconia cortaderiae, Pleopunctum ellipsoideum, Psilocybe keralensis, Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium dehoogii, Scedosporium marina, Spegazzinia deightonii, Torula fici, Wiesneriomyces laurinus and Xylaria venosula. All these taxa are supported by morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses. This article allows the researchers to publish fungal collections which are important for future studies. An updated, accurate and timely report of fungus-host and fungus-geography is important. We also provide an updated list of fungal taxa published in the previous fungal diversity notes. In this list, erroneous taxa and synonyms are marked and corrected accordingly.

Optimal liquid-based DNA preservation for DNA barcoding of field-collected fungal specimens.

Preserving fungal tissue DNA in the field is essential for molecular ecological research, enabling the study of fungal biodiversity and community dynamics. This study systematically compares two liquid-based preservation solutions, RNAlater and DESS, for their effectiveness in maintaining macrofungi DNA integrity during field collection and storage. The research encompasses both controlled experiments and real-world field collections. In the controlled experiments, two fungal species were preserved in RNAlater and DESS at different temperatures and durations. DNA extraction success rates were high, but DNA quality and quantity metrics exhibited variations across samples. However, both preservation solutions demonstrated their viability for preserving fungal DNA, with no significant differences between them. In the field-collected macrofungi experiment, 160 paired fungal specimens were preserved in RNAlater and DESS, respectively. Including a drying process to facilitate tissue lysis for DNA extraction significantly impacted the outcomes. RNAlater showed a higher success rate and better DNA quality and quantity compared to DESS. Statistical analysis, including paired and independent t-tests, confirmed significant differences in DNA quality and quantity between the two preservation methods for field-collected samples. This study evaluates RNAlater and DESS for preserving macrofungi DNA in field conditions. Both methods are effective, but RNAlater is superior when a drying step is included in DNA extraction. Researchers can choose based on their specific needs without compromising DNA integrity. These findings advance fungal molecular ecology and DNA preservation strategies in ecological and environmental studies.

New corticioid taxa in Phanerochaetaceae (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from East Asia.

The species diversity, taxonomy, and phylogeny of five corticioid genera of Phanerochaetaceae, namely, Hyphodermella, Roseograndinia, Phlebiopsis, Rhizochaete, and Phanerochaete, in East Asia are studied by using the morphological and molecular methods. Phylogenetic analyses were performed separately for the Donkia, Phlebiopsis, Rhizochaete, and Phanerochaete clades based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and nrLSU sequence data. In total, seven new species were found, two new combinations are suggested, and a new name is proposed. In the Donkia clade, Hyphodermella sensu stricto was strongly supported with two new lineages, namely H. laevigata and H. tropica, which were recovered. Hyphodermella aurantiaca and H. zixishanensis are members of Roseograndinia, while R. jilinensis is proved to be a later synonym of H. aurantiaca. In the Phlebiopsis clade, P. cana sp. nov. was found on the bamboo from tropical Asia. In the Rhizochaete clade, four new species, R. nakasoneae, R. subradicata, R. terrestris, and R. yunnanensis were recovered based mainly on molecular analyses. In the Phanerochaete clade, P. subsanguinea nom. nov. is proposed to replace Phanerochaete rhizomorpha C.L. Zhao & D.Q. Wang, which is an invalid name because it was published after Phanerochaete rhizomorpha C.C. Chen, Sheng H. Wu & S.H. He, representing another species. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the new species, and discussions are given for new taxa and names. Identification keys to Hyphodermella species worldwide and Rhizochaete species in China are given separately.

Dendrocorticiopsisorientalis gen. et sp. nov. of the Punctulariaceae (Corticiales, Basidiomycota) revealed by molecular data.

Dendrocorticiopsisorientalis is presented in this study as a new genus and new species based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. This new taxon is characterized by resupinate, smooth and membranaceous basidiomata, monomitic hyphal system with clamps, colorless dendrohyphidia, variable presence of cystidia, and ellipsoid to ovoid basidiospores measuring 5-7 × 3.2-5.2 µm. The phylogenetic analyses based on the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) + nuclear 28S rDNA (28S) dataset of Corticiales indicated that the new taxon is nested in Punctulariaceae, separated from other genera with strong support values. Descriptions, specimen photo, and illustrations of the new taxon are provided in this study. A morphological comparison of the four genera of Punctulariaceae is given.

Global Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Irpicaceae (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) With Descriptions of Seven New Species and Proposals of Two New Combinations.

The phylogenetic analyses of the family Irpicaceae were carried out based on a complete global sampling. The dataset that included concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and nrLSU sequences of 67 taxa of Irpicaceae from around the world was subjected to the maximum likelihood analyses and Bayesian inference. In the phylogenetic tree, species from 14 genera were distributed in nine clades, among which five genera-Irpex, Phanerochaetella, Byssomerulius, Cytidiella, and Meruliopsis, received high support values. The genus Efibula was shown to be paraphyletic and four subclades could be recognized, while Phanerochaete allantospora, Leptoporus mollis, and several species from Ceriporia and Candelabrochaete formed a large clade with relatively strong support. Based on the molecular and morphological evidence, seven new corticioid species- Candelabrochaete guangdongensis, Efibula grandinosa, E. hainanensis, E. shenghuae, E. taiwanensis, Irpex alboflavescens, and Phanerochaetella sinensis, were revealed from the materials mostly from East Asia. The monotypic genus Flavodontia, newly described from southwestern China, is regarded as a later synonym of Irpex, and the new combination I. rosea is proposed. In addition, Phanerochaetella queletii is proposed for a taxon first described from Italy and newly recorded from China; Phanerochaete jose-ferreirae from Portugal is determined to be a later synonym. Descriptions and illustrations of the new species and the newly combined taxa are presented, and morphological comparisons for the known species of Efibula and Phanerochaetella are provided.

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Cystostereaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota): A New Genus, Five New Species, and Three New Combinations.

This paper aims to understand the species diversity, taxonomy, and phylogeny of Cystostereaceae (Agaricales), which is based primarily on material from East and Southeast Asia. Cystostereaceae is a small, understudied family of saprobes of woody plants with a worldwide distribution. Phylogenetic analyses of the LSU and ITS sequences revealed four distinct clades in the Cystostereaceae, representing the genera Crustomyces, Cystostereum, Effusomyces gen. nov., and Parvodontia. In addition, phylogenetic analyses showed that Cystidiodontia and Rigidotubus are synonyms of Crustomyces for their type of species nested within the Crustomyces clade. The new monotypic genus Effusomyces, based on specimens from Thailand, lacks any distinctive morphological features. Parvodontia, originally erected for a species from South America, is reported for the first time from Asia. The widely distributed and morphologically well-characterized Cystostereum is represented in East Asia by two new species: Cystostereum crassisporum and C. submurrayi. In addition, three new species, viz., Crustomyces albidus, Effusomyces thailandicus, and Parvodontia austrosinensis, are described and illustrated. Finally, three new combinations are proposed: Crustomyces isabellinus, C. laminiferus, and C. tephroleucus. A key to the genera and species of Cystostereaceae is provided. Our results proved that the species diversity of wood-decaying fungi in East and Southeast Asia is rich and suggested that more investigations and studies should be carried out in the future.

Global Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Wood-Decaying Fungal Genus Phlebiopsis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota).

An in-depth study of the phylogeny and taxonomy of the corticioid genus Phlebiopsis (Phanerochaetaceae) was conducted. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and nrLSU sequences demonstrated that Phlebiopsis is a strongly supported clade which is distinct from its sister clades of Phaeophlebiopsis, Hapalopilus, and Rhizochaete. Two genera, Australohydnum and Hjortstamia, are reduced to synonyms under Phlebiopsis as generic type species A. griseofuscescens and H. friesii, respectively, are embedded in the Phlebiopsis clade. Twenty-four lineages are resolved in the ITS phylogenetic tree of Phlebiopsis, including six new taxa, viz. P. albescens, P. brunnea, P. cylindrospora, P. magnicystidiata, P. membranacea and P. sinensis, from Sri Lanka and China. Five new combinations, viz. Phaeophlebiopsis mussooriensis, Phlebiopsis bambusicola, P. dregeana, P. griseofuscescens and P. novae-granatae, are proposed. Phlebiopsis crassa is a morphological species complex with three distinct lineages. Phlebiopsis lamprocystidiata is determined to be a later synonym of P. darjeelingensis. The new taxa are described, illustrated, and compared and contrasted to morphologically similar species. An emended description of Phlebiopsis is provided along with an identification key to 27 accepted species.

Phylogeny and taxonomy of Ceriporia and other related taxa and description of three new species.

Species of Ceriporia (Irpicaceae, Basidiomycota) are saprotrophs or endophytes in forest ecosystems. To evaluate the taxonomy and generic relationships of Ceriporia and other related taxa, we used morphology and multigene phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) region, nuc 28S rDNA (28S), and RNA polymerase II largest subunit (rpb1). Our results show that Ceriporia sensu lato is polyphyletic and distributed across multiple clades in the Irpicaceae, Phanerochaetaceae, and Meruliaceae. Some species previously considered in Ceriporia are now recovered in Meruliopsis, resulting in four new combinations: M. albomellea, M. crassitunicata, M. nanlingensis, and M. pseudocystidiata. Two new species of Meruliopsis are described: M. leptocystidiata from northeast China and South Korea and M. parvispora from Taiwan. Ceriporia arbuscula is described as a new species from Taiwan. Ceriporia mellita and Meruliopsis nanlingensis are newly recorded from Japan and Taiwan, and M. taxicola is recorded from Taiwan for the first time.

Three new species of Phanerochaete (Polyporales, Basidiomycota).

Phanerochaetecanobrunnea, P.cystidiata and P.fusca are presented as new species, supported by morphological studies and two sets of phylogenetic analyses. The 5.8S+nuc 28S+rpb1 dataset shows the generic placement of the three species within the phlebioid clade of Polyporales. The ITS+nuc 28S dataset displays relationships for the new taxa within Phanerochaete s.s. Phanerochaetecanobrunnea grew on angiosperm branches in subtropical Taiwan and is characterised by greyish brown hymenial surface, brown generative hyphae and skeletal hyphae and absence of cystidia. Phanerochaetecystidiata grew on angiosperm branches above 1000 m in montane Taiwan and SW Yunnan Province of China and is characterised by cream to yellowish hymenial surface and more or less encrusted leptocystidia. Phanerochaetefusca grew on angiosperm branches at 1700 m in Hubei Province of China and is characterised by dark brown hymenial surface, leptocystidia, brown subicular hyphae and colourless to brownish basidiospores.

Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula, two new genera of phanerochaetoid fungi (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from East Asia.

Two new genera with phylogenetic affinities to Phanerochaete s.l. are presented, namely Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula. The generic type of Hydnophanerochaete is Phanerochaeteodontoidea. Odontoefibula is established based on a new species: O.orientalis (generic type). Both genera have effused basidiocarps with odontioid hymenial surface, simple-septate generative hyphae, cystidia lacking, clavate basidia and ellipsoid basidiospores that are smooth, thin-walled, inamyloid, non-dextrinoid and acyanophilous. Hydnophanerochaete is additionally characterised by a compact texture in the subiculum with thick-walled generative hyphae and quasi-binding hyphae. Odontoefibula has a dense texture of subiculum with thin- to slightly thick-walled hyphae and further a dark reddish reaction of basidiocarps when treated with KOH. Multi-marker phylogenetic analyses based on sequences, inferred from the ITS+nuc 28S+rpb1+rpb2+tef1 dataset, indicate that Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula are placed in the Meruliaceae and Donkia clades of Phanerochaetaceae, respectively. Phanerochaetesubodontoidea is a synonym of P.odontoidea, according to morphological and molecular evidence.