Idiopathic young-onset Fahr's disease with schizophrenia-like presentation: a case report.

This case report describes an exceptionally rare case in which a prior diagnosis of schizophrenia was later determined to be early-onset Fahr's disease, linked to a genetic mutation in the SLC20A2 gene. Initially, the patient exhibited symptoms resembling schizophrenia, including aggression and hostility, and was highly susceptible to medication side effects such as restlessness and Parkinsonism. Despite maintaining independent activities of daily living, his neurological examinations revealed hidden weakness on the left side. Following adjustments to the medication regimen, stability was achieved with residual psychotic symptoms under treatment with Risperidone 1.5mg/day, Valproic acid 1500mg/day, and Quetiapine 37.5mg/day. This case underscores the importance of conducting comprehensive imaging studies at the time of initial psychiatric diagnosis, regardless of the apparent typicality of the presentation. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for patience and adherence to the "Start Low and Go Slow" approach in medication management to minimize the risk of exacerbating psychiatric symptoms and aggression.

Acral lentiginous melanoma with multiple bone metastasis: case report.

Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a type of melanoma that is traditionally seen on the soles of the feet, palms of the hand, and under the fingernails or toenails. It is the least frequently diagnosed melanoma among the four histologic subtypes of cutaneous melanoma, accounting for less than 5% of all cases. ALM is frequently diagnosed at late stages and has higher incidences in non-white populations in relation to the other forms of cutaneous malignant melanoma. The most common sites of metastases in melanoma are the skin and subcutaneous tissue followed by lung, liver, brain, and bone. Bone metastases from malignant melanoma usually occur in patients who already have widespread metastases. We present this paper as a unique case study of ALM lesion in an 84-year-old African American male presenting originally in the base of right fifth toe plantar aspect then found multiple bone metastases without any other organ involved.

Case Report: Spinal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Rare Complication of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), caused by hantavirus, is occasionally seen in tropical areas. The virus is carried by specific rodent host species. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is characterized by renal failure and hemorrhagic manifestations, and its complications may be severe, including massive bleeding, multi-organ dysfunction, and possibly death. In this patient case, a 46-year-old woman diagnosed with HFRS initially presented with fever, impaired renal function, and thrombocytopenia. Four days after symptom onset, the patient complained of abrupt right lower abdominal pain and numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) beyond the T7 to S2 vertebrae. No cases of spinal SAH in HFRS have been reported until now. This case demonstrates that when a patient's symptoms are atypical, bleeding-related complications must be considered.

HTLV-1-Associated Lymphoma Presented as Massive Lymphadenopathy.

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is an aggressive T-cell malignancy caused by the long-term infection of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Our understanding of clinical features still largely relies on the Shimoyama classification developed 30 years ago, which described the 4 clinical subtypes (the smoldering, chronic, lymphoma, and acute types) based on the manifestations of lymphocytosis, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, hypercalcemia, lymphadenopathy, and involvement of the skin, lung, liver, spleen, central nervous system, bone, ascites, pleural effusion, and gastrointestinal tract. HTLV-1-associated lymphoma has a variety of presentations but the presentation of massive lymphadenopathy and compression symptoms is rare and has not been emphasized in the literature. In this article, we describe 2 cases of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphomas that presented with massive cervical nodes or mediastinal nodes with compressing symptoms as the major presenting clinical features. Clinicians should remain aware of this type of presentation by HTLV-1-associated lymphoma, especially in patients who came from endemic areas, even if not all clinical features are present and particularly with hypercalcemia and lytic bone lesions.

Aggressive Diffuse Intermediate Size B-Cell Lymphoma With P53 Mutation Presented as Primary Bone Marrow Lymphoma.

Primary bone marrow lymphoma (PBML) is a disease entity in which lymphoma primarily originates in the bone marrow without signs of involvement of lymph nodes, spleen, liver, or any other organs, and excludes leukemia/lymphoma. PBML has been a rare presentation of malignant lymphoma, and most of the cases have a poor prognosis and require rapid diagnoses and treatments. Among all PBMLs, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common pathological subtype. Over 25 years and from 7 institutions, the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group retrospectively collected PBML cases and, in 2012, published these 21 cases, including 19 cases of B-cell lymphoma and 2 cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Among the B-cell types, DLBCL accounted for 79% and follicular lymphoma (FL) for 21%. DLBCLs were characterized by the existence of large cells. In this article, we present a rare case of high-grade aggressive type with P53 mutation, intermediate-sized B-cell lymphoma, excluded FL by the absence of FL lymphoma markers, presented as PBML. Our patient had rapid progression and succumbed to the disease shortly after diagnosis. Upon literature review, 62 B-cell lymphoma cases were identified that presented as PBML (51 high-grade and 11 low-grade)-mostly case reports. Among these, only one case was reported as intermediate-sized DLBCL-like lymphoma but not with aggressive features. Our case represents the first case of aggressive intermediate-sized lymphoma, not a FL, with P53 mutation, highly elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and Ki-67 presented as PBML. Such a profile would need to be quickly recognized and aggressive treatment applied, such as CART (chimeric antigen receptor T-cells) therapy or DA-EPOCH-R (dose-adjusted EPOCH [etoposide-prednisone-oncovin-cyclophosphamide-hydroxydaunorubicin] and rituximab) with or without venetoclax.