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Sport and sleep are linked: practising sport favours good sleep, and sufficient sleep favours performance. Sleep deprivation increases the risk of injury and slows recovery from injury.
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Sono , Humanos , Sono/fisiologia , Atletas , Privação do Sono , Esportes , Traumatismos em AtletasRESUMO
For a good night's sleep, we consensually recommend avoiding alcohol, smoking and drugs. However, these addictions are highly prevalent in the general population, and it is difficult to estimate their real impact on sleep. The aim of this study is to clarify the association between sleep habits and disorders, and addictions. The design was a telephone crossover national recurrent health poll survey (Santé publique France, Baromètre santé, 2017; Questionnaire, pp. 53; Saint Maurice) in a representative sample of French adults. There were 12,367 subjects (18-75 years old) who answered the survey. Sleep log items assessed sleep schedules (total sleep time) on work and leisure days: at night, while napping, and over 24 hr using a sleep log. Retained items include: (1) short sleep (≤â 6 hr/24 hr); (2) chronic insomnia (International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 3rd edition criteria); and (3) chronotype (evening-morning-neutral). Psychoactive substances retained included tobacco (current or former users), alcohol (daily consumption and weekly binge drinking), cannabis (Cannabis Abuse Screening Test), and other drugs (consumption during the past year). We found that: (1) daily smokers (lightly or heavily dependent) were more frequently short sleepers than occasional smokers and non-smokers; (2) heavily dependent daily smokers were more likely to suffer from insomnia than other smokers or non-smokers; (3) short sleep and insomnia were not significantly associated with the consumption of alcohol, cannabis or any other drug; (4) the evening chronotype was significantly associated with the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis. In conclusion, our study highlights significant relationships between the use of psychoactive substances and sleep characteristics among adults, emphasizing the need to take into account each subject individually.
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Cannabis , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Sono , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Recent studies have shown that slow oscillations (SOs) can be driven by rhythmic auditory stimulation, which deepens slow-wave sleep (SWS) and improves memory and the immune-supportive hormonal milieu related to this sleep stage. While different attempts have been made to optimise the driving of the SOs by changing the number of click stimulations, no study has yet investigated the impact of applying more than five clicks in a row. Likewise, the importance of the type of sounds in eliciting brain responses is presently unclear. In a study of 12 healthy young participants (10 females; aged 18-26 years), we applied an established closed-loop stimulation method, which delivered sequences of 10 pink noises, 10 pure sounds (B note of 247 Hz), 10 pronounced "a" vowels, 10 sham, 10 variable sounds, and 10 "oddball" sounds on the up phase of the endogenous SOs. By analysing area under the curve, amplitude, and event related potentials, we explored whether the nature of the sound had a differential effect on driving SOs. We showed that every stimulus in a 10-click sequence, induces a SO response. Interestingly, all three types of sounds that we tested triggered SOs. However, pink noise elicited a more pronounced response compared to the other sounds, which was explained by a broader topographical recruitment of brain areas. Our data further suggest that varying the sounds may partially counteract habituation.
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Eletroencefalografia , Sono de Ondas Lentas , Feminino , Humanos , Estimulação Acústica/métodos , Sono/fisiologia , Sono de Ondas Lentas/fisiologia , SomRESUMO
The piezoelectric cage-floor sensors have been used to successfully dissect sleep patterns in mice based on signal features related to respiration and body movements. We studied performance of the piezoelectric system to quantify the sleep-wake pattern in the rat over 7 days of recording compared with a visual electroencephalogram/electromyogram scoring, and under two light/dark (LD12:12 and LD16:8) photoperiods leading to change in the 24-hr sleep characteristics (N = 7 per group). The total sleep time (%/24 hr) over the 7 days recording and hourly sleep time over the last 24-hr recording were not statistically different between methods under the two photoperiods. Both methods detected higher total sleep time with the LD16:8 photoperiod compared with LD12:12 (p < .05), and correlated significantly (p < .001) at light and dark periods during each photoperiod. The accuracies for discrimination of sleep-wake patterns between methods were 81.9% and 84.9% for LD12:12 and LD16:8, respectively. In addition, spectral analysis of the respiratory signal given by piezo during all 10-s periods of the corresponding non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep periods recorded by electroencephalogram/electromyogram resulted in selection of 36 features that could be inserted in an automated non-rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep classification, with 90% accuracy with the electroencephalogram/electromyogram visual scoring. The piezo system proved to be a reliable non-invasive alternative to electroencephalogram recording to study total sleep time in rat, with feasibility to discriminate between non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep stages. This will be interesting in pharmacological or bio-behavioural studies evaluating sleep patterns or the restorative functions of sleep in the body and the brain.
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Sono , Vigília , Animais , Eletroencefalografia , Estudos de Viabilidade , Camundongos , Polissonografia , Ratos , Sono REMRESUMO
Since its first description in Wuhan, China, the novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly around the world. The management of this major pandemic requires a close coordination between clinicians, scientists, and public health services in order to detect and promptly treat patients needing intensive care. The development of consumer wearable monitoring devices offers physicians new opportunities for the continuous monitoring of patients at home. This clinical case presents an original description of 55 days of SARS-CoV-2-induced physiological changes in a patient who routinely uses sleep-monitoring devices. We observed that sleep was specifically affected during COVID-19 (Total Sleep time, TST, and Wake after sleep onset, WASO), within a seemingly bidirectional manner. Sleep status prior to infection (e.g., chronic sleep deprivation or sleep disorders) may affect disease progression, and sleep could be considered as a biomarker of interest for monitoring COVID-19 progression. The use of habitual data represents an opportunity to evaluate pathologic states and improve clinical care.
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COVID-19 , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Sono , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The photoperiod has been evidenced to influence sleep regulation in the rat. Nevertheless, lengthening of the photoperiod beyond 30 days seems to have little effect on the 24-hr baseline level of sleep and the response to total sleep deprivation. We studied the effects of 12:12 (habitual) and 16:8 (long) light-dark photoperiods on sleep, locomotor activity and body core temperature, before and after 24 hr of total sleep deprivation. Eight rats were submitted for 14 days to light-dark 12:12 (lights on: 08:00 hours-20:00 hours) followed by total sleep deprivation, and then for 14 days to light-dark 16:8 (light extended to 24:00 hours) followed by total sleep deprivation. Rats were simultaneously recorded for electroencephalogram, locomotor activity and body core temperature for 24 hr before and after total sleep deprivation. At baseline before total sleep deprivation, total sleep time and non-rapid eye movement sleep per 24 hr and during extended light hours (20:00 hours-24:00 hours) were higher (13% for total sleep time) after light-dark exposure compared with habitual photoperiod, while percentage delta power in non-rapid eye movements and rapid eye movements were unchanged. Locomotor activity and body core temperature were lower, particularly during extended light hours (20:00 hours-24:00 hours). Following total sleep deprivation, total sleep time and non-rapid eye movements were significantly lower after long photoperiod between 20:00 hours and 24:00 hours, and between 10:00 hours and 12:00 hours, and unchanged per 24 hr. The percentage delta power in non-rapid eye movements was lower between 08:00 hours and 11:00 hours. Total sleep deprivation decreased locomotor activity and body core temperature after habitual photoperiod exposure only. Fourteen days under long photoperiod (light-dark 16:8) increased non-rapid eye movements sleep, and decreased sleep rebound related to total sleep deprivation (lower non-rapid eye movements duration and delta power). This may create a model of sleep extension for the rat that has been found to favour anabolism in the brain and the periphery.
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Fotoperíodo , Polissonografia/métodos , Privação do Sono/fisiopatologia , Sono/fisiologia , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
We investigated the consequences of sleep restriction (SR) on maintenance of wakefulness capacities and diurnal sleepiness through microsleeps monitoring. 12 healthy males (20-36â¯years old) were sleep restricted (4â¯h per night) during 7 nights followed by 13 nights of recovery sleep. Participants completed Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) at baseline (B), during SR (SR1, SR4 and SR7) and during recovery (R3 and R13), while continuously recorded for EEG analysis. During SR, MWT latencies decreased (SR7: -24.4%), whereas the number, the cumulative duration of microsleeps and KSS scores increased. Recovery nights allowed MWT latencies, KSS scores and all sleep values to return to baseline levels, while a rebound in N3, N3% and REM% sleep stages occurred. During SR, the maintenance of N3 sleep duration seems not sufficient to reduce daytime sleepiness and MWT results did not reflect the sleepiness levels characterized by persistent sleep attacks.
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Ondas Encefálicas/fisiologia , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Privação do Sono/fisiopatologia , Fases do Sono/fisiologia , Sonolência , Vigília/fisiologia , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Monitorização Ambulatorial , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of a 6-day food restriction period on the physiological responses and performance of 11 high-level weightlifters. After a period of weight maintenance (T2), they were assigned into two groups depending on whether they lost (Diet group, n = 6) or maintained their body weight (Control group, n = 5) during the course of those 6 days. An evaluation of performance and the measurement of salivary cortisol concentrations and salivary α-amylase (sAA) activity were performed during a simulated weightlifting competition which took place at T2, after a 6-day period of food restriction (T3). Dietary data were collected using a 6-day diet record. We noted a 41.8% decrease in mean energy intake during the dietary restriction period, leading to a 4.34% weight loss for the Diet group. Dietary restriction did not modify absolute performance levels, whilst a significant improvement was noted for the Control group. Furthermore, we noted a response of decreased salivary cortisol and increased sAA activity to the simulated competition stress at T3 for the Diet group. These results may indicate that dietary reduction led to a dissociation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympatho-adreno-medullary system, which could impair training adaptations and absolute performance development.
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Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Restrição Calórica , Comportamento Competitivo/fisiologia , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Saliva/metabolismo , Levantamento de Peso/fisiologia , alfa-Amilases/metabolismo , Adolescente , Antropometria , Humanos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/fisiologia , Masculino , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/fisiologia , Saliva/enzimologia , Redução de Peso/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Durguerian, A, Filaire, E, Drogou, C, Sauvet, F, Bougard, C, and Chennaoui, M. Hyperactivity of the sympatho-adrenomedullary system without any modification of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis after food restriction among high-level weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1643-1655, 2018-We examined the effects of 6 days of food restriction on salivary α-amylase (sAA), cortisol and dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA) awakening responses, psychological parameters and performance among 11 international weightlifters. Assessments were made at baseline (T1) and 6 days after a normal period of training while maintaining body weight (T2). Then, participants were assigned to 2 groups depending on whether they lost (Diet group) or maintained (Control group) their body mass. Anthropometric, psychological, physical, and physiological assessments were also realized 6 days (T3) after the restricted dietary period for the Diet group. Food restriction (T3) induced a significant rise of sAA awakening response (364.6%, p ≤ 0.05), whereas no significant variations were observed among the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (cortisol and DHEA). Significant alterations of the general Recovery Score and General stress Score, evaluated through the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for athletes, were noted after food restriction. Weightlifting performance, evaluated during a simulated weightlifting competition, was maintained after the 6-day food restriction; we even noted an increased weightlifting performance related to body mass (Sinclair coefficient). Our findings support the hypothesis that food restriction induces a challenging situation to the organism, resulting in an asymmetry between the 2 stress systems activation. These results reinforce the necessity to cautiously plan and monitor the weight regulation process before competition to avoid potential negative outcomes on psychophysiological parameters. In this regard, the psychobiological approach, especially the awakening responses, seems a useful tool.
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Desidroepiandrosterona/metabolismo , Dieta , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Saliva/metabolismo , Levantamento de Peso/fisiologia , alfa-Amilases/metabolismo , Adulto , Antropometria , Desempenho Atlético , Peso Corporal , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Humanos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/fisiologia , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/fisiologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Estresse Fisiológico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Levantamento de Peso/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Many studies on sleep deprivation effects lack data regarding the recovery period. We investigated the 2-day homeostatic and circadian sleep recovery response to 24 h of total sleep deprivation (TSD) induced by brief rotation of an activity wheel. Eight mice were implanted with telemetry transmitters (DSI F40-EET) that recorded simultaneously their electroencephalography (EEG), locomotor activity and temperature during 24 h of baseline (BSL), TSD and 2 days of recovery (D1 and D2). In a second experiment, two groups of five non-implanted mice underwent TSD or ad libitum sleep, after which they were killed, adrenal glands were weighed and blood was collected for analysis of corticosterone concentration. During TSD mice were awake at least 97% of the time, with a consecutive sleep rebound during D1 that persisted during D2. This was characterized by increases of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (44.2 ± 6.9% for D1 and 43.0 ± 7.7% for D2 versus 33.8 ± 9.2% for BSL) and the relative delta band power (179.2 ± 34.4% for D1 and 81.9 ± 11.2% for D2). Greater NREM and REM sleep amounts were observed during the 'light' periods. Temperature and locomotor activity characteristics were unchanged during D1 and D2 versus BSL. In non-implanted mice, corticosterone levels as well as adrenal gland and overall body weights did not differ between TSD and ad libitum sleep groups. In conclusion, 24 h of TSD in an activity wheel without stress responses influence homeostatic sleep regulation with no effect on the circadian regulation over at least 2 days of recovery in mice.
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Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Homeostase/fisiologia , Privação do Sono/fisiopatologia , Sono/fisiologia , Animais , Eletroencefalografia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Sono REM/fisiologia , Vigília/fisiologiaRESUMO
Extended sleep improves sustained attention and reduces sleep pressure in humans. Downregulation of adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) and modulation of the neurotrophic factor insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-I) in brain structures controlling attentional capacities could be involved. In the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats, we measured adenosine A1R and IGF-I protein concentrations after photoperiod-induced sleep extension. Two groups of twelve rats were adapted over 14 days to a habitual (CON) 12:12 light-dark (LD) schedule and an extended (EXT) 16:8 LD schedule. IGF-I content was also measured in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle. In EXT, compared to CON rats, A1R content in the frontal cortex was significantly lower (p < 0.05), while IGF-I content was higher (p < 0.001), and no significant change was observed in the hippocampus. IGF-I content in plasma and muscle was higher (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01), while it was lower in liver (p < 0.001). The absolute weight and weight gain were higher in EXT rats (p < 0.01). These data suggest that 14 days under a 16:8 LD photoperiod respectively down- and upregulated cortical A1R and IGF-I levels. This photoperiod induced an anabolic profile with increased weight gain and circulating and muscular IGF-I levels. An extension of sleep duration might favor cerebral and peripheral anabolism, which may help attentional and physical capacities.
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Lobo Frontal/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Receptor A1 de Adenosina/metabolismo , Sono/fisiologia , Animais , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Hormônios/metabolismo , Humanos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Fotoperíodo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de Tempo , Aumento de Peso/fisiologiaRESUMO
The link between sleepiness and the risk of motor vehicle accidents is well known, but little is understood regarding the risk of home, work and car accidents of subjects with insomnia. An international cross-sectional survey was conducted across 10 countries in a population of subjects with sleep disturbances. Primary care physicians administered a questionnaire that included assessment of sociodemographic characteristics, sleep disturbance and accidents (motor vehicle, work and home) related to sleep problems to each subject. Insomnia was defined using the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-10) criteria. A total of 5293 subjects were included in the study, of whom 20.9% reported having had at least one home accident within the past 12 months, 10.1% at least one work accident, 9% reported having fallen asleep while driving at least once and 4.1% reported having had at least one car accident related to their sleepiness. All types of accident were reported more commonly by subjects living in urban compared to other residential areas. Car accidents were reported more commonly by employed subjects, whereas home injuries were reported more frequently by the unemployed. Car accidents were reported more frequently by males than by females, whereas home accidents were reported more commonly by females. Patients with insomnia have high rates of home accidents, car accidents and work accidents related to sleep disturbances independently of any adverse effects of hypnotic treatments. Reduced total sleep time may be one factor explaining the high risk of accidents in individuals who complain of insomnia.
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Acidentes Domésticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes de Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/complicações , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Condução de Veículo , Estudos Transversais , Emprego , Feminino , Humanos , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/diagnóstico , Fases do Sono , DesempregoRESUMO
AIMS: THN102 is a novel combination of modafinil and low-dose flecainide, targeting glial connexin activity to modulate modafinil effects. We investigated THN102 efficacy compared to modafinil and to placebo on vigilance and cognitive function during 40-hour total sleep deprivation (TSD). METHODS: Twenty healthy men participated in a double-blind, randomized, incomplete-block 3-period cross-over trial with 5 treatments (n = 12 per group): placebo (PBO), modafinil 100 mg (MOD100), THN102 100/1, 100/3, 100/9 (modafinil 100 mg and flecainide 1, 3 or 9 mg). Each period included a baseline day and a TSD day with treatments administered 3 times (01:00, 09:00 and 19:00). Reaction time in psychomotor vigilance test, subjective somnolence and vital signs were assessed before and during treatment. Working memory (2-Back) and executive processes (Go/noGo for vigilance and inhibition, Wisconsin card sorting task for mental flexibility, and Tower of London test for planning) were evaluated at 16:30. RESULTS: At 5 hours postdose−1 (after 23 hours TSD, primary endpoint), THN102 100/1 resulted in statistically higher psychomotor vigilance test speed vs MOD100 (3.97 ± 0.09 vs 3.74 ± 0.14, P < .05). No increase in effect was observed with higher flecainide doses in combinations. Most THN102 doses vs MOD100 also improved the number of correct responses in 2-Back and Go errors in Go/noGo (P < .05 for all doses), and perseverative responses in Wisconsin card sorting task (for 100/1 and 100/9). No impact on cardiac conduction was noted with THN102, and safety was similar to MOD100. CONCLUSIONS: THN102 seems more efficient than modafinil on vigilance, working memory and executive functions, opening new perspectives in management of hypersomnolence disorders.
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Flecainida/farmacologia , Modafinila/farmacologia , Neuroglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Privação do Sono/tratamento farmacológico , Promotores da Vigília/farmacologia , Adulto , Nível de Alerta/efeitos dos fármacos , Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Conexinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Estudos Cross-Over , Combinação de Medicamentos , Flecainida/uso terapêutico , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Masculino , Memória de Curto Prazo/efeitos dos fármacos , Modafinila/uso terapêutico , Neuroglia/metabolismo , Desempenho Psicomotor/efeitos dos fármacos , Tempo de Reação/efeitos dos fármacos , Resultado do Tratamento , Vigília/efeitos dos fármacos , Promotores da Vigília/uso terapêutico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Cognitive impairments are described in central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH), but studies remain very limited and largely focused on narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). The precise nature and origin of these cognitive impairments is poorly understood. Specifically, impaired decision making under ambiguity has been reported in NT1 and suggested to be caused by dysregulation of the direct projections of hypocretin neurons to the dopamine network. However, the decision-making tasks used previously embed different cognitive functions that are difficult to isolate. This study aims to test reinforcement learning in participants with NT1 and with other (non-hypocretin deficient) CDH in a task known to directly depend on the dopamine system. Participants with NT1 (N = 27), other CDH (N = 34, including narcolepsy type 2 and idiopathic hypersomnia, matched with NT1 participants for sleepiness severity), and healthy participants (N = 34) took part in the study. Results showed that all groups had normal and similar positive reinforcement learning, a pattern not suggestive of dopamine deficiency. However, both participants with NT1 and other CDH had decreased learning abilities to avoid losses. This decreased negative reinforcement learning in participants with CDH was associated with the alteration of vigilance. This study provides new insights into the nature of decision making impairment in people with CDH and suggests that these alterations could be minimized by restoring adequate vigilance.
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Distúrbios do Sono por Sonolência Excessiva , Narcolepsia , Humanos , Dopamina , Distúrbios do Sono por Sonolência Excessiva/complicações , Narcolepsia/complicações , Vigília/fisiologia , Reforço Psicológico , OrexinasRESUMO
Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MATB) is a computerized flight simulator for aviation-related tasks, suitable for non-pilots and available in many versions, including open source. MATB requires the individual or simultaneous execution of 4 sub-tasks: system monitoring (SYSMON), tracking (TRACK), communications (COMM), and resource management (RESMAN). Fully customizable, the design of test duration, number of sub-tasks used, event rates, response times and overlap, create different levels of mental load. MATB can be combined with an additional auditory attention (Oddball) task, or with physiological constraints (i.e., sleep loss, exercise, hypoxia). We aimed to assess the main characteristics of MATB design for assessing the response to different workload levels. We identified and reviewed 19 articles for which the effects of low and high workload were analyzed. Although MATB has shown promise in detecting performance degradation due to increase workload, studies have yielded conflicting or unclear results regarding MATB configurations. Increased event rates, number of sub-tasks (multitasking), and overlap are associated with increased perceived workload score (ex. NASA-TLX), decreased performance (especially tracking), and neurophysiological responses, while no effect of time-on-task is observed. The median duration used for the test is 20 min (range 12-60) with a level duration of 10 min (range 4-15). To assess mental workload, the median number of stimuli is respectively 3 events/min (range 0.6-17.2) for low, and 23.5 events/min (range 9-65) for high workload level. In this review, we give some recommendations for standardization of MATB design, configuration, description and training, in order to improve reproducibility and comparison between studies, a challenge for the future researches, as human-machine interaction and digital influx increase for pilots. We also open the discussion on the possible use of MATB in the context of aeronautical/operational constraints in order to assess the effects combined with changes in mental workload levels. Thus, with appropriate levels of difficulty, MATB can be used as a suitable simulation tool to study the effects of changes on the mental workload of aircraft pilots, during different operational and physiological constraints.
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INTRODUCTION: Genes encoding catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) and adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2A) have been shown to influence cognitive performances and responses to caffeine intake during prolonged wakefulness. The rs4680 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of COMT differentiates on memory score and circulating levels of the neurotrophic factor IGF-1. This study aimed to determine the kinetics of IGF-1, testosterone, and cortisol concentrations during prolonged wakefulness under caffeine or placebo intake in 37 healthy participants, and to analyze whether the responses are dependent on COMT rs4680 or ADORA2A rs5751876 SNPs. METHODS: In caffeine (2.5 mg/kg, twice over 24 h) or placebo-controlled condition, blood sampling was performed at 1 h (08:00, baseline), 11 h, 13 h, 25 h (08:00 next day), 35 h, and 37 h of prolonged wakefulness, and at 08:00 after one night of recovery sleep, to assess hormonal concentrations. Genotyping was performed on blood cells. RESULTS: Results indicated a significant increase in IGF-1 levels after 25, 35, and 37 h of prolonged wakefulness in the placebo condition, in subjects carrying the homozygous COMT A/A genotype only (expressed in absolute values [±SEM]: 118 ± 8, 121 ± 10, and 121 ± 10 vs. 105 ± 7 ng/mL for A/A, 127 ± 11, 128 ± 12, and 129 ± 13 vs. 120 ± 11 ng/mL for G/G, and 106 ± 9, 110 ± 10, and 106 ± 10 vs. 101 ± 8 ng/mL for G/A, after 25, 35, and 37 h of wakefulness versus 1 h; p < 0.05, condition X time X SNP). Acute caffeine intake exerted a COMT genotype-dependent reducing effect on IGF-1 kinetic response (104 ± 26, 107 ± 27, and 106 ± 26 vs. 100 ± 25 ng/mL for A/A genotype, at 25, 35, and 37 h of wakefulness vs. 1 h; p < 0.05 condition X time X SNP), plus on resting levels after overnight recovery (102 ± 5 vs. 113 ± 6 ng/mL) (p < 0.05, condition X SNP). Testosterone and cortisol concentrations decreased during wakefulness, and caffeine alleviated the testosterone reduction, unrelated to the COMT polymorphism. No significant main effect of the ADORA2A SNP was shown regardless of hormonal responses. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that the COMT polymorphism interaction is important in determining the IGF-1 neurotrophic response to sleep deprivation with caffeine intake (NCT03859882).
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Cafeína , Privação do Sono , Humanos , Privação do Sono/genética , Cafeína/farmacologia , Estudos Cross-Over , Peptídeos Semelhantes à Insulina , Transferases/genética , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/genética , Hidrocortisona , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Catecóis , Testosterona , Catecol O-Metiltransferase/genéticaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In the military population, trauma-related nightmares (TRNs) are highly associated with deployments and combat-related events. Trauma-related nightmares are also correlated with severity, treatment resistance, and chronicity of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, to date, no specific measure of TRNs has been validated for use in the French language. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the English version of the Trauma-Related Nightmare Survey into French and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the translation on veterans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After the translation and cultural adaptation process, we evaluated the reliability and validity of the French version of the questionnaire (TRNS-FR) in a population of veterans suffering from PTSD with nightmare complaints (n = 56 patients for test-retest and n = 60 for internal consistency), recruited from five French military hospitals. RESULTS: Analyses demonstrated that TRNS-FR has good test-retest reliability (r = 0.59) and good internal consistency with PTSD symptoms, insomnia symptoms, and subjective sleep parameters assessed at home. This questionnaire provides a rapid and comprehensive assessment of sleep disturbance and a specific description of TRNs in the population of veterans with severe PTSD. Our results allowed us to propose a valid and reliable French adaptation of the questionnaire. CONCLUSION: Because sleep disturbances and TRNs require specific therapeutic management, the psychometric qualities of TRNS-FR make it a tool of choice for assessing TRNs in future clinical research settings.
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Sonhos , Dissonias , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Comparação Transcultural , Dissonias/diagnóstico , Dissonias/etiologia , França , Psicometria , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/complicações , Inquéritos e Questionários , Traduções , Veteranos , HumanosRESUMO
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in sleep-wake regulation and are associated with caffeine consumption. This is a cross-sectional study in 1023 active French workers investigating associations between self-reported sleep complaints (>3months) and total sleep time (TST) with nine single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs) including pro-inflammatory cytokines, according to caffeine consumption. Participants were characterized as low, moderate and high (0-50, 51-300, and >300 mg/day) caffeine consumers. After adjusting the odd ratios (OR) for age, gender, and smoking, the risk of sleep complaints was higher in subjects with genetic mutations in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, rs 1800629) (ORa [95%CI] = 1.43 [1.07-1.92] for both G/A and A/A aggregate genotypes) or interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß, rs1143627) (ORa = 1.61 [1.08-2.44] for homozygous A/A genotype), and the risk was higher when subjects carry the mutations in TNF-α plus IL-1ß regardless of caffeine consumption. When stratified with caffeine consumption, the risk of sleep complaints was higher in TNF-α A allele carriers in high caffeine consumers, and in homozygous A/A genotype of IL-1ß in moderate and high consumers. None of the nine SNPs influence TST, with the exception of the mutation on CYP1A2 and only when stratified with caffeine consumption. Our results also indicated more caffeine side-effects when carrying mutation on IL1ß. This study showed that polymorphisms in TNF-α and/or IL-1ß influenced sleep complaints but did not influence total sleep time. This suggests that management of sleep complaints, which can be addressed by clinical interventions, should consider the influence of the genetic profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Cafeína , Citocinas , Humanos , Citocinas/genética , Cafeína/efeitos adversos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Autorrelato , Estudos Transversais , Sono/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Genótipo , Predisposição Genética para DoençaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Trauma-related nightmares (TRNs) are distressing events which contribute to insomnia severity, chronicity and treatment resistance of PTSD. Therefore, recording TRNs is a crucial technical challenge in order to understand their physiopathological patterns and their impact on sleep. However, TRNs are difficult to record during a single night in a sleep laboratory, which, moreover, is likely to be considered by patients as a protective sleep environment that is therefore not representative of home sleep conditions. METHOD: In the present study, we investigate if objective sleep measures acquired at-home using two ambulatory devices is of clinical value by correlating with PTSD patients' complaints about sleep and nightmares. A secondary objective is to relate awakenings associated with TRNs to sleep stages and to provide new insights into the use of electrodermal activity (EDA) as a potential physiological marker of TRNs. Sixty veterans and active-duty service members were assessed by questionnaires and recorded for 5 consecutive nights in their homes. RESULTS: Our approach firstly identified positive correlations between subjective and objective sleep parameters (total sleep time, sleep-onset latency and TRNs frequency). We also developed a method of synchronization between the two ambulatory devices that allowed us to match 200 TRNs (reported by event marker push button) with sleep stages corresponding to 91 nights and 37 patients. Most awakenings associated with TRNs occurred during NREM sleep (65.5% versus 34.5% during REM sleep). Our results also reveal significant differences in the frequency of EDA peaks 10 min before the reported events, with a lower frequency in REM (13.7 peaks) than in NREM (24.8 peaks) awakenings associated with TRNs. This EDA peaks frequency in REM sleep is not statistically different from that in REM sleep preceding awakenings that are not associated with TRNs. CONCLUSION: The development of wearable devices to collect physiological parameters is of interest in clinical practice to improve our knowledge of sleep and trauma-related nightmares in patients with PTSD.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Veteranos , Humanos , Sonhos/fisiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/complicações , Polissonografia , SonoRESUMO
(1) Background: Caffeine is a psychostimulant that is well known to mitigate the deleterious effects of sleep debt. Our aim was to assess the effects of acute caffeine intake on cognitive vulnerability and brain activity during total sleep deprivation (TSD), taking into account habitual caffeine consumption. (2) Methods: Thirty-seven subjects were evaluated in a double-blind, crossover, total sleep deprivation protocol with caffeine or placebo treatment. Vigilant attention was evaluated every six hours during TSD using the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) with EEG recordings. The influence of habitual caffeine consumption was analyzed by categorizing subjects into low, moderate, and high consumers. (3) Results: The PVT reaction time (RT) increased during TSD and was lower in the caffeine condition vs. the placebo condition. The RT was shorter in the low-caffeine consumers compared to moderate and high consumers, regardless of conditions and treatments. The TSD-related increase in EEG power was attenuated by acute caffeine intake independently of habitual caffeine consumption, and the individual alpha frequency (IAF) was lower in the high-consumption group. The IAF was negatively correlated with daytime sleepiness. Moreover, a correlation analysis showed that the higher the daily caffeine consumption, the higher the RT and the lower the IAF. (4) Conclusions: A high level of habitual caffeine consumption decreases attentional performance and alpha frequencies, decreasing tolerance to sleep deprivation.