Probabilistic assessment of exposure to hair cosmetic products by the French population.

Cosmetic exposure data are limited in Europe and especially in France. The aim of this study was to assess the exposure to hair cosmetics using recent consumption data (percentage of users, frequency of use and amount per use) generated for the French population (Ficheux et al., 2015, 2016). Exposure was assessed using a probabilistic method for eleven hair products: liquid shampoo, dry shampoo, conditioner, hair mask, hair serum, hair oil, styling lacquer, styling gel, styling foam, styling wax and styling spray. Exposure was assessed by sex and by age classes in adults and children. Pregnant women were also studied. For liquid shampoo, conditioner and some styling products (gel, lacquer and foam), the levels of exposure were higher than the values currently used by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). Exposure values found for styling wax and styling spray were lower than SCCS values. Exposure was assessed for the first time for dry shampoo, hair mask, hair serum and hair oil products. These new French exposure values will be useful for safety assessors and for safety agencies in order to protect the general population and these at-risk populations.

Probabilistic assessment of exposure to cosmetic products by French children aged 0-3 years.

Very few exposure data are available for children in Europe and worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the exposure to cosmetic products used on children aged 0-3 years using recent consumption data generated for the French population. Exposure was assessed using a probabilistic method for 24 products including cleanser, skin care, fragrance, solar and bottom products. The exposure data obtained in this study for children aged 0-3 years were higher than the values fixed by the SCCS for all common products: liquid shampoo, face moisturizer cream, toothpaste, shower gel and body moisturizer cream. Exposure was assessed for the first time for many products such as sunscreens, Eau de toilette and massage products. These new French exposure values will be useful for safety assessors and for safety agencies.

Consumption of cosmetic products by the French population second part: Amount data.

The aim of the study was to assess the amount per use of cosmetic products consumed at home by the adult, child and baby French population. 1078 men and women participated in the study which was performed in four cities of France. This enquiry was performed on 106 cosmetics including general hygiene, skin care, hair care, hair styling, make-up, fragrances, solar, shaving and depilatory, and baby products. Coupled to frequency data previously obtained (Ficheux et al., 2015), these amounts per use data will be used in order to assess the exposure to cosmetics by the French population. These current exposure values could be useful for safety assessors and for safety agencies.

Consumption of cosmetic products by the French population. First part: frequency data.

The aim of this study was to assess the percentage of users, the frequency of use and the number of cosmetic products consumed at home by the French population. The evaluation was performed for adult, child and baby consumers. Pregnant women were also taken into account in this work. All in all, 141 products cosmetics including general hygiene, skin care, hair care, hair styling, make-up, fragrances, solar, shaving and depilatory products were studied. The strengths of the study were the separation of data by sex and by age groups, the consideration of a priori at risk subpopulations and the consideration of a large number of cosmetic products. These current consumption data could be useful for safety assessors and for safety agencies in order to protect the general population and these at risk subpopulations.

[Recurrent acute pancreatitis, associated with pancreas divisum. Clinical study of 12 cases]. / Pancréatites aiguës à rechutes, associées au pancréas divisum. Etude clinique de 12 cas.

Sixty-three cases of pancreas divisum were diagnosed in a series of 2,800 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies performed between 1976 and 1982. This anomaly was significantly associated with recurrent pancreatitis. Based on 12 cases in which the only possible causative factor of acute pancreatitis was pancreas divisum, the symptoms of this association are described. There were seven males and five females. Average age at the onset of symptoms was 35.3 +/- 12.4 years. Heavy to moderate consumption of alcohol was never found; protein and fat intakes were within normal ranges. All patients presented with acute recurrent pancreatitis, half of them having suffered three to five attacks. The duration of troubles ranged from 6 months to 14 years. In half of the cases the attacks did not last more than twelve hours and were of moderate intensity. Even in case of frequent attacks, no loss of weight was observed. These features are different from that of chronic calcifying pancreatitis. Ultrasonography showed the intrapancreatic course of the mesenteric vein and/or the appearance of two areas of different tonality in the pancreatic head in 58 p. 100 of cases. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was always able to make the diagnosis of pancreas divisum. After 7 endoscopic and 2 surgical sections of the minor papilla symptoms regressed completely in 4 cases and improved in 3 cases (follow-up 2 to 36 months).

[Pseudomyxoma peritonei: a case with multiple metastases. Ultrastructural study and chemical analysis of the mucoid substance]. / Pseudomyxome péritonéal: un cas avec métastases multiples. Etude ultrastructurale et analyse chimique de la substance mucoïde.

A patient with spreading pseudomyxoma peritonei probably caused by a tumor of the appendix showing suggestive clinical features is presented. The long evolution was marked by the discovery of gelatinous substance in the stools and in the lumen of the gut, and the appearance of distant metastasis in the lungs, adrenal glands and lymph nodes. Histochemical studies showed that periodic Shiff acid and Alcian blue were fixed by the mucoid substance. The use of toluidin blue (pH 1) revealed metachromosia. Electron microscopy ascertained the presence of enterocytes and mucous cells and revealed a more obvious nuclear disorganisation than by histological microscopy. Biochemical study showed that the mucoid substance extracted from the pseudomyxoma was rich in carbohydrates and could be identified as a mucin on the basis of the composition of its monosaccarides and of the alkali-lability of its glycanprotein linkages. The mucin was weakly hydrolysed by trypsin in vitro but was deeply attacked by the same enzyme after desialylation. These results: a) confirm the possibility of observing spreading distant metastasis in the pseudomyxoma peritonei; b) underline the potential interest of electron microscopic study in case of wavering diagnosis; c) show that the mucoid substance belongs to the group of neutral sulfomucins; d) legitimate, in the future, a trial of palliative treatment by neuraminidase in such cases.

[Localized Caroli's disease associated with mucosecreting papillary adenocarcinoma. Value of hepatic resection]. / Maladie de Caroli localisée et associée à un adénocarcinome papillaire mucosécrétant. Intérêt de la résection hépatique.

A new case of carcinoma arising in Caroli's disease in a 48-year old male patient is reported. Since dilatation of the bile ducts was localized to the left lobe, left hepatectomy was performed. Histological examination showed that the tumour was a papillary mucoid adenocarcinoma. There was no recurrence of cholangitis while the patient survived. This case and a review of the literature shows that left hepatectomy suppresses repeated attacks of cholangitis in patients with Caroli's disease restricted to the left lobe, and that the incidence of carcinoma in Caroli's disease is higher than was formerly believed, which should encourage early surgical treatment when the disease is localized in the left lobe.

Exposure method development for risk assessment to cosmetic products using a standard composition.

In a risk assessment of cosmetic products, it is necessary to know both qualitative and quantitative compositions. Currently, European Regulation No. 1223/2009 requires the industries to provide ingredient lists for finished cosmetic products but not their concentrations. Ingredient concentrations are available in few bibliographic references but in an incomplete and approximate way. In this study, we propose a method to qualitatively and quantitatively estimate the composition of a cosmetic product. This method has the advantages of being applicable to all cosmetic products and supplying concentration data for all ingredients. The results obtained seem quite fair compared to literature data. Applied to nail polish as an example, this method can be used to assess exposure per ingredient according to the Monte Carlo probabilistic method. It should be promising to assess the consumer risk to cosmetic product compositions.

Probabilistic assessment of exposure to nail cosmetics in French consumers.

The aim of this study was to assess probabilistic exposure to nail cosmetics in French consumers. The exposure assessment was performed with base coat, polish, top coat and remover. This work was done for adult and child consumers. Dermal, inhalation and oral routes were taken into account for varnishes. Exposure evaluation was performed for the inhalation route with polish remover. The main route of exposure to varnishes was the ungual route. Inhalation was the secondary route of exposure, followed by dermal and oral routes. Polish contributed most to exposure, regardless of the route of exposure. For this nail product, P50 and P95 values by ungual route were respectively equal to 1.74 mg(kg bw week)(-1) and 8.55 mg(kg bw week)(-1) for women aged 18-34 years. Exposure to polish by inhalation route was equal to 0.70 mg(kg bw week)(-1) (P50) and 5.27 mg(kg bw week)(-1) (P95). P50 and P95 values by inhalation route were respectively equal to 0.08 mg(kg bw week)(-1) and 1.14 mg(kg bw week)(-1) for consumers aged 18-34 years exposed to polish remover. This work provided current exposure data for nail cosmetics, and a basis for future toxicological studies of the uptake of substances contained in nail cosmetics in order to assess systemic exposure.

Annular pancreas. Report of one case associated with acute pancreatitis and diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography.

Diagnosis of annular pancreas is possible by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) only when the branch encircling the duodenum is connected to the pancreatic duct system. The authors report on a case of annular pancreas characterized by pain and relapsing acute pancreatitis secondary to the malformation. Attention is focused on both the importance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for diagnosing the congenital duct anomaly and the exceptional association of acute pancreatitis and an annular pancreas.

Interaction between hepatitis b virus and alcohol consumption in liver cirrhosis. An epidemiologic study.

The relationship between alcohol consumption and the presence of seric hepatitis B virus markers has been studied in 125 male patients with liver cirrhosis and 126 control subjects. Mean daily alcohol consumption was found to be higher in patients than in controls. Hepatitis B virus seric markers were also more frequently observed in patients than in controls (53.6% vs. 36.5%, 2p less than 0.05). This was due to the greater frequency of hepatitis B core antibody alone or with hepatitis B surface antigen in the patients (2p less than 0.05). The possible interaction between alcohol and B virus was studied by log-linear hierarchic models for contingency tables. Data were displayed in a three-way classification frequency table (diagnosis, daily alcohol consumption, and hepatitis B virus seric markers). A model assuming that alcohol and seric markers of unresolved infection by hepatitis B virus are independently linked to cirrhosis gives the better goodness of fit between observed and estimated frequencies. The result however, suggests, that hepatitis B virus infection does not increase the influence of alcohol consumption on the production of cirrhosis.

Diet, alcohol, tobacco and risk of cancer of the pancreas: a case-control study.

In view of the increased incidence of pancreatic cancer and the possible aetiological role of certain dietary factors, a retrospective epidemiological study was undertaken to investigate the roles of tobacco, alcohol, fat, protein and carbohydrate intakes. Sixty-nine patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and 199 normal subjects were interviewed. Data were obtained on life time drinking, smoking and dietary habits. Conditional logistic regression models were used to analyse the relative risk variations. It was shown that the relative risk of cancer of the pancreas increases with fat and alcohol intakes, does not vary with protein intake, and decreases with carbohydrate intake and duration of alcohol consumption. Alcohol may be not directly involved in the aetiology of cancer of the pancreas: its effect could be due to the contents of some alcoholic beverages.