RESUMO
SUMMARY Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus; GBS) isolates (n = 150) from infants with invasive infections between 2006 and 2011 were analysed for capsular serotype, multilocus sequence type, and antibiotic susceptibility. In cases with late-onset disease (n = 115), primary meningitis was predominant (62.6%), but represented only 39.1% in cases with early-onset disease (n = 23). The most common serotype was III (58.7%), followed by Ia (21.3%) and Ib (12.7%). Sequence types (STs) of serotype III strains included ST17 (50.0%), ST19 (26.1%), ST335 (18.2%), ST27 (4.5%), and ST1 (1.1%). Predominant STs of serotypes Ia and Ib were ST23 (81.3%) and ST10 (84.2%), respectively. No penicillin-resistant strains were detected, but 22·0% of strains had mef(A/E), erm(A), or erm(B) genes, which mediate macrolide resistance. A new ST335, possessing an mef(A/E) gene belonging to clonal complex 19 gradually increased in frequency. Improved prevention of invasive GBS infections in infants requires timely identification, and ultimately vaccine development.
Assuntos
Cápsulas Bacterianas/genética , Macrolídeos/farmacologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Streptococcus agalactiae/classificação , Streptococcus agalactiae/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Estudos de Coortes , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Recém-Nascido , Japão , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Filogenia , Sorotipagem , Streptococcus agalactiae/genética , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
SH2D1A, also known as signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP), is an adaptor protein. Recently, it was reported that SAP deficient mice were protected from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we postulated SH2D1A gene to be a candidate susceptibility gene for SLE and analyzed its association with SLE. A case-control association study was conducted on 5 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SH2D1A region in 506 Japanese female SLE patients and 330 healthy female controls. The luciferase assay was performed to determine the functional role of the SNP associated with SLE. One SNP in the intron 2, rs2049995, showed association with SLE (p=0.0110, odds ratio (OR) 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-3.34, under the dominant model). The association of rs2049995 seemed to be stronger in the subset with the age of onset less than 20 years (p=0.0067, OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.28-5.46). Functional evaluation of rs2049995 showed that reporter gene activity was increased 1.9-fold for the susceptible allele compared with the resistant allele. An intronic SNP of SH2D1A is associated with SLE.
Assuntos
Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/genética , Adulto , Povo Asiático , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Íntrons , Japão , Células Jurkat , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Leucócitos Mononucleares/patologia , Luciferases , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Proteína Associada à Molécula de Sinalização da Ativação LinfocitáriaRESUMO
We report 2 patients with lung cancer accompanied by active pulmonary tuberculosis. Case1 was a 82-year-old woman with stage I A bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and tuberculosis in right upper lobe. Right upper lobectomy was performed after the histological diagnosis of lung cancer by intraoperative frozen section. Case2 was a 69-year-old man with papillary adenocarcinoma in right lower lobe and tuberculosis in bilateral upper lobe. Partial resection in right lower lobe was performed for diagnosis of lung cancer. Smear-positive tuberculosis was diagnosed by sputum examination after the operation. Post-operative anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy was added in both patients.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma Bronquioloalveolar/complicações , Adenocarcinoma Papilar/complicações , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Tuberculose Pulmonar/complicações , Adenocarcinoma Bronquioloalveolar/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma Papilar/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , MasculinoRESUMO
Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is of concern in Japan, where the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) is unavailable. We determined serotypes, genotypes indicating beta-lactam resistance, and antibiotic susceptibilities of 496 isolates from normally sterile sites in patients (193 children, 303 adults) from 186 institutions between August 2006 and July 2007. Disease presentations included sepsis (46.2%), pneumonia (31.5%), and meningitis (17.5%). Mortality was 1.4% in children and 22.1% in adults, many of whom had underlying diseases. In children, serotype 6B (22.5%) was followed by 19F (14.1%), and 14 (13.1%); potential coverages of PCV7 and PCV13 were 75.4% and 93.7%, respectively. In adults, serotype 12F (14.3%) was followed by 3 (11.3%), and 6B (10.3%); 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) coverage was 85.4%. Most serotype 12F strains were gPISP, with pbp2b gene alteration; carbapenem had an excellent MIC90. PCV7 is recommended for children and PPV23 for adults to increase prevention against IPD.
Assuntos
Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Infecções Pneumocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/microbiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Genótipo , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Sorotipagem , Streptococcus pneumoniae/classificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We have previously reported that a serine/threonine protein kinase, Cot/Tpl2, is a negative regulator of Th1-type immunity through inhibiting IL-12 expression in antigen presenting cells (APCs) stimulated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. We here show that Cot/Tpl2(-/-) macrophages produce significantly less IL-23, an important regulator of Th17-type response, than the wild-type counterparts in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a ligand for TLR4. The decreased IL-23 production in Cot/Tpl2(-/-) macrophages is, at least partly, regulated at the transcriptional level, as the LPS-mediated IL-23 p19 mRNA induction was significantly less in Cot/Tpl2(-/-) macrophages. Chemical inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity similarly inhibited IL-23 expression in LPS-stimulated wild-type macrophages. As Cot/Tpl2 is an essential upstream component of the ERK activation pathway of LPS, it is suggested that Cot/Tpl2 positively regulates IL-23 expression through ERK activation. These results indicate that Cot/Tpl2 may be involved in balancing Th1/Th17 differentiation by regulating the expression ratio of IL-12 and IL-23 in APCs.
Assuntos
MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Subunidade p19 da Interleucina-23/genética , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , MAP Quinase Quinase Quinases/fisiologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/fisiologia , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Interleucina-12/metabolismo , Subunidade p19 da Interleucina-23/metabolismo , MAP Quinase Quinase Quinases/genética , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/enzimologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Fosforilação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Both irinotecan (CPT-11) and S-1 are active against colorectal cancer; however, as S-1 is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-FU and its metabolites might inhibit the antitumour effect of CPT-11. Therefore, we designed a sequential combination, in which CPT-11 infusion was given on day 1 and S-1 was given orally at 80 mg m(-2) per day on days 3-16 every 3 weeks. METHODS: Twelve patients entered the phase I study, and the recommended doses were determined as a CPT-11 dose of 150 mg m(-2) and an S-1 dose of 80 mg m(-2). RESULTS: In all, 36 patients entered the phase II study, of whom 4 and 16 had complete and partial responses. The overall response rate was 55.6% (95% confidence interval, 38.1-72.1%), and median progression-free survival was 7.7 months (95% confidence interval, 4.8-12.6 months). Grade 3 neutropenia was the most common haematological toxicity and occurred in 6.5% of 215 treatment courses. Grade 3 non-haematological toxicities included anorexia (1.4%) and diarrhoea (0.9%). There was no grade 4 toxicity of any kind. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that this regimen is convenient, safe and promising, compared with conventional regimens for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Camptotecina/administração & dosagem , Camptotecina/efeitos adversos , Camptotecina/análogos & derivados , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Irinotecano , Masculino , Dose Máxima Tolerável , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ácido Oxônico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Oxônico/efeitos adversos , Tegafur/administração & dosagem , Tegafur/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Mesocosm-scale vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSF, 0.5 m length, 0.3 m width) with different reed-bed thickness, including standard SSF (SD, 0.6 m deep), shallow SSF (S, 0.3 m deep) and extremely shallow SSF (ES, 0.075 m deep) were set up at sewage treatment plant and their nutrient removal efficiencies from the sewage plant effluent were compared under three hydraulic loading rate (HLR) conditions of 0.15, 0.45 and 0.75 m(3) m(-2) d(-1). A very interesting characteristics was found for the extremely shallow SSF, in which a high nitrogen removal efficiency was obtained despite the effective hydraulic retention time was only 1/8 times as long as the standard SSF. The results of kinetic analysis confirmed that the high volumetric nitrogen removal efficiency observed in the extremely shallow SSF did not depend on high response against the water temperature but on much higher basic nitrogen removal activity compared with other SSF. The phosphorus removal depending on the adsorption to sand in the reed-bed filter was, however, the lowest in the extremely shallow SSF although the volumetric removal efficiency was much higher compared with other SSF. Results of morphological analysis of rhizosphere collected from respective reed-bed suggested that the extremely shallow SSF lead to a very high-density rhizosphere, resulting in a high basic nitrogen removal activity and volumetric phosphorus removal efficiency.
Assuntos
Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Áreas Alagadas , Nitrogênio/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The adsorption of Pb(II) by two different biomaterials, reed (Phragmites australis) and brown seaweed (Sargassum horneri) biomass pretreated with CaCl(2), were compared in an attempt to explain the differences in adsorption performance between the two biosorbents. A very interesting characteristic was found in their individual adsorption performances; the Pb(II) adsorption capacity of brown seaweed (Q(max)=0.45 mmol/g) was much higher than that of reed (Q(max)=0.05 mmol/g), but its adsorption affinity (b=112 L/mmol) was much lower compared with that of reed (b=471 L/mmol). To elucidate the mechanism, the elemental components, ion exchange phenomenon and roles of functional groups of these two biosorbents were compared. The higher Pb(II) adsorption by brown seaweed could be due to its richness in total functional groups and calcium contents on its surface. In contrast, the functional complexity, higher zeta potential and pK(a) value (deprotonation state) of reed are believed to lead to its high adsorption affinity.
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Metais Pesados/metabolismo , Alga Marinha/metabolismo , Adsorção , Biodegradação Ambiental , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Microarray experimentation requires the application of complex analysis methods as well as the use of non-trivial computer technologies to manage the resultant large data sets. This, together with the proliferation of tools and techniques for microarray data analysis, makes it very challenging for a laboratory scientist to keep up-to-date with the latest developments in this field. Our aim was to develop a distributed e-support system for microarray data analysis and management. RESULTS: EMAAS (Extensible MicroArray Analysis System) is a multi-user rich internet application (RIA) providing simple, robust access to up-to-date resources for microarray data storage and analysis, combined with integrated tools to optimise real time user support and training. The system leverages the power of distributed computing to perform microarray analyses, and provides seamless access to resources located at various remote facilities. The EMAAS framework allows users to import microarray data from several sources to an underlying database, to pre-process, quality assess and analyse the data, to perform functional analyses, and to track data analysis steps, all through a single easy to use web portal. This interface offers distance support to users both in the form of video tutorials and via live screen feeds using the web conferencing tool EVO. A number of analysis packages, including R-Bioconductor and Affymetrix Power Tools have been integrated on the server side and are available programmatically through the Postgres-PLR library or on grid compute clusters. Integrated distributed resources include the functional annotation tool DAVID, GeneCards and the microarray data repositories GEO, CELSIUS and MiMiR. EMAAS currently supports analysis of Affymetrix 3' and Exon expression arrays, and the system is extensible to cater for other microarray and transcriptomic platforms. CONCLUSION: EMAAS enables users to track and perform microarray data management and analysis tasks through a single easy-to-use web application. The system architecture is flexible and scalable to allow new array types, analysis algorithms and tools to be added with relative ease and to cope with large increases in data volume.
Assuntos
Biologia Computacional/métodos , Internet , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/métodos , Software , Redes de Comunicação de ComputadoresRESUMO
Brown seaweed Sargassum horneri, a troublesome biomass scattered along the seashore, was utilized as a biosorbent for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The Pb(II) adsorption by brown seaweed was enhanced by pretreatment with CaCl(2), and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation showed a maximum capacity of a Q(max) of 0.696 mmol/g and a b value of 94.33 L/mmol. Results obtained from the mass-balance equation derived from the simulation model of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm suggested that the adsorption performance of brown seaweed biosorbent was sufficient to reduce the concentration of Pb(II) to meet the range of WHO guideline. The mechanism, as elucidated using pH monitoring, adsorption rate and ion exchange model, involved the rapid pH change of metal solutions that led to high reaction rate and Pb(II) uptake in the first 30 min of the biosorption process. The energy X-ray analysis's result confirmed the sharp reduction of calcium content in the biosorbent after Pb(II) adsorption. The amount of calcium ions released from the biosorbent was about 1.5 times the amount of Pb(II) adsorbed and proved the role of calcium in the ion exchange mechanism. These adsorption equilibrium and mechanistic studies provide useful information for system design and performance prediction of biosorption processes.
Assuntos
Cálcio/metabolismo , Metais Pesados/metabolismo , Sargassum/metabolismo , Adsorção , Biodegradação Ambiental , Cálcio/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Chumbo/química , Chumbo/metabolismo , Biologia Marinha , Metais Pesados/químicaRESUMO
Definitive hematopoiesis begins in the para-aortic, splanchnopleural (P-Sp) and aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) regions of mouse embryos and then switches to the fetal liver [1] [2] [3]. Gene-targeted mice lacking the c-Myb transcription factor have severe hematopoietic defects in the fetal liver [4]. The role of c-Myb, if any, in P-Sp/AGM hematopoiesis has not been examined, however. Recently, we reported that oncostatin M can effectively expand both hematopoietic and endothelial-like cells from in vitro cultures of the AGM region [5]. Using this cell culture system, we examined the involvement of c-Myb in definitive hematopoiesis in the P-Sp and AGM regions. When primary cultures from the P-Sp or AGM regions of wild-type mouse embryos were probed with an anti-c-Myb antibody, hematopoietic cells but not endothelial-like cells showed positive staining. In contrast, in the P-Sp/AGM culture from c-myb(-/-) embryos, no hematopoietic cells were generated and endothelial-like cells predominated, indicating that the impairment of hematopoiesis in the liver of c-myb(-/-) embryos is actually preceded by a defect in P-Sp/AGM hematopoiesis. Hematogenic precursor cells were, however, still present in an inert but competent form among the endothelial-like, adherent cell population of c-myb(-/-) P-Sp/AGM cultures. When infected with a retrovirus carrying c-myb cDNA, these cultures gave rise to a significant number of hematopoietic cells. The rescued cells, unlike wild-type hematopoietic cells, were negative for c-Kit (a marker of hematopoietic progenitors), but did express other hematopoietic cell surface markers such as Mac-1, Gr-1 (myeloid markers), CD19, B220, Thy-1.2 (Iymphoid markers), and Ter119 (an erythroid marker). Thus, c-Myb plays a role in the generation of hematopoietic cells in the embryonic P-Sp and AGM regions.
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Sistema Hematopoético/embriologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myb/fisiologia , Células 3T3 , Animais , Aorta/embriologia , Ensaio de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias , Técnicas de Cultura , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Genes myb , Vetores Genéticos , Gônadas/embriologia , Hematopoese/genética , Hematopoese/fisiologia , Mesonefro/embriologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Retroviridae/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Several meta-analyses assessing the efficacy of anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment in adults have been published but a comparable meta-analysis in children is lacking. AIMS: To summarize the efficacy of treatments aimed at eradicating H. pylori in children and to identify sources of variation in treatment efficacy across studies. METHODS: We searched Medline, reference lists from published study reports, and conference proceedings for anti-H. pylori treatment trials in children. Weighted meta-regression models were used to find sources of variation in efficacy. RESULTS: Eighty studies (127 treatment arms) with 4436 children were included. Overall, methodological quality of these studies was poor with small sample sizes and few randomized-controlled trials. The efficacy of therapies varied across treatment arms, treatment duration, method of post-treatment assessment and geographic location. Among the regimens tested, 2-6 weeks of nitroimidazole and amoxicillin, 1-2 weeks of clarithromycin, amoxicillin and a proton pump inhibitor, and 2 weeks of a macrolide, a nitroimidazole and a proton pump inhibitor or bismuth, amoxicillin and metronidazole were the most efficacious in developed countries. CONCLUSIONS: Before worldwide treatment recommendations are given for eradication of H. pylori, additional well-designed randomized placebo-controlled paediatric trials are needed, especially in developing countries where both drug resistance and disease burden is high.
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Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Currently there is no consensus on the optimal method to measure the severity of dyspepsia symptoms in clinical trials. AIM: To validate the 7-point Global Overall Symptom scale. METHODS: The Global Overall Symptom scale uses a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = no problem to 7 = a very severe problem. Validation was performed in two randomized-controlled trials (n = 1121 and 512). Construct validity: Global Overall Symptom was compared with the Quality of Life in Reflux And Dyspepsia, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, Reflux Disease Questionnaire and 10 specific symptoms using Spearman correlation coefficients. Test-retest reliability: The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was calculated for patients with stable dyspepsia defined by no change in Overall Treatment Effect score over two visits. Responsiveness: effect size and standardized response mean were also calculated. RESULTS: Construct validity: Change in Global Overall Symptom score correlated significantly with Quality of Life for Reflux And Dyspepsia, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, Reflux Disease Questionnaire and specific symptoms (all P < 0.0002). Reliability: The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.62 (n = 205) and 0.42 (n = 270). Responsiveness: There was a positive correlation between change in Global Overall Symptom and change in symptom severity. The effect size and standardized response mean were 1.1 and 2.1, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Global Overall Symptom scale is a simple, valid outcome measure for dyspepsia treatment trials.
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Dispepsia/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Dispepsia/complicações , Dispepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Omeprazol/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of Barrett's oesophagus in patients undergoing gastroscopy may be influenced by possible referral bias. AIM: To present the prevalence of Barrett's oesophagus from the the Canadian Adult Dyspepsia Empirical Therapy Prompt Endoscopy study and to explore potential risk factors for its presence. METHODS: Patients had not been on treatment for dyspepsia for 2-4 weeks prior to endoscopy, which was performed within 10 working days of presentation. RESULTS: Barrett's oesophagus was endoscopically suspected in 53 of 1040 cases (5%) and histologically confirmed by the presence of intestinal metaplasia in 25 (2.4%). The prevalence of biopsy-proven Barrett's oesophagus was 4% in patients with dominant reflux-like symptoms. Sixty-four percent with confirmed Barrett's oesophagus had dominant reflux-like symptoms compared with 37% without Barrett's oesophagus. Barrett's oesophagus was more common in patients >50 years of age; 68% of cases were males. The mean duration of symptoms was 10 years, yet 16% had symptoms of <1-year duration. Endoscopic reflux oesophagitis was present in 68% of confirmed Barrett's oesophagus patients. CONCLUSIONS: Barrett's oesophagus is confirmed on biopsy in about half of endoscopically suspected Barrett's oesophagus patients. Barrett's oesophagus is more common in males, in those with dominant reflux-like symptoms, and in patients with a longer symptom history.
Assuntos
Esôfago de Barrett/epidemiologia , Dispepsia/epidemiologia , Idoso , Esôfago de Barrett/complicações , Esôfago de Barrett/diagnóstico , Canadá/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Dispepsia/diagnóstico , Dispepsia/etiologia , Esofagite Péptica/diagnóstico , Esofagite Péptica/epidemiologia , Esofagite Péptica/etiologia , Esofagoscopia/métodos , Feminino , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/epidemiologia , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/etiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Hérnia Hiatal/diagnóstico , Hérnia Hiatal/epidemiologia , Hérnia Hiatal/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PrevalênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Symptom diaries are potentially attractive but, because of concerns about patient compliance, they have had limited use in clinical trials. We assessed the validity and responsiveness of a symptom diary for patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. METHODS: We included 215 patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease after starting treatment for 4 weeks with 40 mg esomeprazole once daily. Patients recorded whether they experienced night-time heartburn (yes/no), the severity of daytime heartburn on a scale from 1 (no heartburn) to 4 (severe heartburn) and their antacid use. Patients also completed a number of disease-specific and preference-based Health-related Quality of Life questionnaires at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS: Consistent with a priori predictions, daytime heartburn showed moderate to strong correlations with the Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia questionnaire (0.36-0.67) and four scales of symptom severity (0.36-0.70) for baseline, follow-up and change scores, but low correlations with the Standard Gamble. Responsiveness of the daytime heartburn item was excellent with a mean change from baseline to follow-up of -1.3 (95% CI -1.4 to -1.1) and a standardized response mean of 1.33 while responsiveness of the daily antacid use item was moderate (mean change scores -1.8 tablets taken, 95% CI -2.3 to -1.3 and standardized response mean of 0.64). CONCLUSIONS: The excellent psychometric properties of this simple gastro-oesophageal reflux disease diary make it an attractive measure for future trials.
Assuntos
Refluxo Gastroesofágico/complicações , Antiácidos/uso terapêutico , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Estudos Transversais , Esomeprazol/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/tratamento farmacológico , Azia/tratamento farmacológico , Azia/etiologia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Prontuários Médicos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
AIM: To investigate the effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ophthalmic solution on latanoprost induced intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in glaucoma patients. METHODS: Examination was conducted on 16 eyes of 16 glaucoma patients who had been given only latanoprost for at least 6 weeks. The NSAID ophthalmic solution, sodium 2-amino-3-(4-bromobenzoyl) phenylacetate sesquihydrate, was additionally given for 12 weeks into one eye (NSAID group), while sodium hyaluronic acid ophthalmic solution was administered into the other eye (control group) in a double masked fashion. The IOP measurement was performed before the start of additional administration of ophthalmic solutions, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after the start of additional administration, and 2, 4, and 6 weeks after discontinuing additional administration. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in the IOPs before additional administration of ophthalmic solution between the NSAID group and the control group. Following the additional administration of ophthalmic solution, IOP in the NSAID group was consistently higher than that in the control group, and a maximum difference in IOP between the two groups was 1.08 (SD 1.75) mm Hg (p = 0.03). This trend was observed even after additional administration was discontinued. CONCLUSION: NSAID ophthalmic solution may partly affect IOP reduction by latanoprost.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Anti-Hipertensivos/antagonistas & inibidores , Hipertensão Ocular/tratamento farmacológico , Prostaglandinas F Sintéticas/antagonistas & inibidores , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Método Duplo-Cego , Interações Medicamentosas , Feminino , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/tratamento farmacológico , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular/efeitos dos fármacos , Latanoprosta , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipertensão Ocular/fisiopatologia , Soluções Oftálmicas , Estudos Prospectivos , Prostaglandinas F Sintéticas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether any changes occur in the coagulative/fibrinolytic cascade in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) or hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH). DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects included 143 patients with intracranial hemorrhage (SAH, n = 50; HICH, n = 82; ROSC-SAH [return of spontaneous circulation after cardiopulmonary arrest due to SAH], n = 11). Coagulative and fibrinolytic factors were measured in blood samples taken on admission. RESULTS: The prothrombin fragment 1+2 level was significantly higher (p < 0.005) in SAH patients than in HICH patients. The fibrinolytic factors (plasmin alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor complex, D-dimer, or fibrinogen degradation products) in SAH and ROSC-SAH were both significantly higher than those in HICH, but the significance of difference was stronger in the case of ROSC-SAH (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Both coagulative and fibrinolytic activities were altered after the onset of SAH. These results demonstrate that the coagulative/fibrinolytic cascade might be activated via different mechanisms in different types of stroke. It remains unclear, however, whether a significant alteration of the fibrinolytic cascade in patients with ROSC-SAH might be a nonspecific phenomenon attributable to the reperfusion after collapse.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/sangue , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/diagnóstico , Hemorragias Intracranianas/sangue , Hemorragias Intracranianas/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/sangue , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/diagnóstico , Coagulação Sanguínea , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/etiologia , Feminino , Fibrinólise , Humanos , Hemorragias Intracranianas/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/complicaçõesRESUMO
Reed biomass harvested from wetland constructed for water purification was modified into a biosorbent for Pb(ll) removal from aqueous solution. The enhancement of Pb(ll) adsorption by reed biosorbent depended not only on the types of reagent used for pretreatment, but also on the pH during the pretreatment process. The mechanisms, as elucidated using relational data obtained from Boehm titration, Fisher esterification and FTIR, involved the conversion of carboxylic groups into carboxylate groups, and proved the role of the carboxylate group, which occupied more than 80% in binding Pb(ll). The Langmuir sorption isotherm of Pb(ll) by R-NaOH-12 showed QO, and b values of 0.082 mmol/g and 312.5 g/mmol, suggesting enough adsorption performance to reduce the concentration of Pb(ll) to meet the range of WHO guidelines. The salinity of aqueous solution containing NaH2PO4 and NaN03 promoted the adsorption of Pb(ll), while NaCl and Na2SO4 suppressed the adsorption capacity of Pb(ll). The adsorption mechanism of reed biosorbent provides valuable insight on the pretreatment effects and the advantages of utilizing this plant as biosorbent for Pb(ll) and other heavy metals.
Assuntos
Chumbo/química , Poaceae/metabolismo , Purificação da Água/métodos , Áreas Alagadas , Adsorção , Biomassa , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Chumbo/análise , Hidróxido de Sódio/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de FourierRESUMO
The Pebpb2/Cbfb gene encodes the non-DNA binding subunit of the heterodimeric transcription factor, PEBP2/CBF. To examine the expression of the PEBP2beta/CBFbeta protein in vivo, we carried out immunohistochemistry using the tissues from adult mice as well as embryos. Although PEBP2beta/CBFbeta was detected in various tissues to various degrees, interesting features of expression were observed in the skeletal myogenic cells. Here PEBP2beta/CBFbeta was found mainly to occur as cytoplasmic staining and the intensity of this staining increased depending on the differentiation stage of the cells. In the undifferentiated myoblasts PEBP2beta/CBFbeta was undetectable, whereas moderate levels of PEBP2beta/ CBFbeta were detected in the elongated and aligned myocytes. PEBP2beta/CBFbeta appeared to accumulate further when the cells fused to each other to become multinucleated myotubes. Once the muscle fibers were established, PEBP2beta/CBFbeta was relocated onto or around the Z-lines. PEBP2beta/CBFbeta was also detected in the cytoplasm of cardiac myocytes and in the smooth muscle cells of the digestive tract. In all the above, the skeletal myotubes were the only case that showed both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of PEBP2beta/CBFbeta. Thus, we could show differentiation dependent pattern of PEBP2beta/CBFbeta expression in muscle development and establish PEBP2beta/CBFbeta to be a cytoplasmic as well as nuclear protein in vivo.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Músculos/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Actinina/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Animais , Northern Blotting , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Colo/metabolismo , Subunidade beta de Fator de Ligação ao Core , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Feminino , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Hibridização In Situ , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Músculo Esquelético/embriologia , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/ultraestrutura , Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Músculo Liso/ultraestrutura , Músculos/embriologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miocárdio/ultraestrutura , Tempo , Distribuição Tecidual , Língua/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição AP-2RESUMO
The AML1 and PEBP2beta/CBFbeta genes encode the DNA-binding and non-binding subunits, respectively, of the heterodimeric transcription factor, PEBP2/CBF. Targeting each gene results in an almost identical phenotype, namely the complete lack of definitive hematopoiesis in the fetal liver on embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5). We examined and compared the expression levels of various hematopoiesis-related genes in wild type embryos and in embryos mutated for AML1 or PEBP2beta/CBFbeta. The RNAs were prepared from the yolk sacs of E9.5 embryos, from the aorta-gonad- mesonephros regions of E11.5 embryos and from the livers of E11.5 embryos and RT-PCR was performed to detect various gene transcripts. Transcripts were detected for most of the hematopoiesis-related genes that encode transcription factors, cytokines and cytokine receptors, even in tissues from homozygously targeted embryos. On the other hand, PU.1 transcripts were never detected in any tissue of AML1(-/-) or PEBP2beta/CBFbeta(-/-) embryos. In addition, transcripts for the Vav, flk-2/flt-3, M-CSF receptor, G-CSF receptor and c-Myb genes were not detected in certain tissues of the (-/-) embryos. The results suggest that the expression of a particular set of hematopoiesis-related genes is closely correlated with the PEBP2/CBF function.