A Green High-k Dielectric from Modified Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based with Dextrin.

Many crucial components inside electronic devices are made from non-renewable, non-biodegradable, and potentially toxic materials, leading to environmental damage. Finding alternative green dielectric materials is mandatory to align with global sustainable goals. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a bio-polymer derived from cellulose and has outstanding properties. Herein, citric acid, dextrin, and CMC based hydrogels are prepared, which are biocompatible and biodegradable and exhibit rubber-like mechanical properties, with Young modulus values of 0.89 MPa. Hence, thin film CMC-based hydrogel is explored as a suitable green high-k dielectric candidate for operation at low voltages, demonstrating a high dielectric constant of up to 78. These fabricated transistors reveal stable high capacitance (2090 nF cm-2) for ≈±3 V operation. Using a polyelectrolyte-type approach and poly-(2-vinyl anthracene) (PVAn) surface modification, this study demonstrates a thin dielectric layer (d ≈30 nm) with a small voltage threshold (Vth ≈-0.8 V), moderate transconductance (gm ≈65 nS), and high ON-OFF ratio (≈105). Furthermore, the dielectric layer exhibits stable performance under bias stress of ± 3.5 V and 100 cycles of switching tests. The modified CMC-based hydrogel demonstrates desirable performance as a green dielectric for low-voltage operation, further highlighting its biocompatibility.

Controlled Growth of Highly Oriented Perovskite Crystals in Polymer Solutions via Selective Solvent Vapor Diffusion.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have garnered significant attention in optoelectronics owing to their outstanding tunable optical characteristics. Controlled growth of perovskite nanocrystals from solutions is key for controlling the emission intensity and photoluminescence lifetime of perovskites. In particular, most studies have focused on controlling the crystallization of perovskite through chemical treatment using chelating ligands or physical treatment via antisolvent diffusion, and there exists a trade-off between the photoluminescence intensity and lifetime of perovskites. Herein, a selective solvent vapor-assisted crystallization with the aid of a functional polymer, which nanoscale perovskite crystals are grown andante from precursor solution, is presented for tuning the crystallization and optical properties of a common halide perovskite, methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3 ). The proposed method here produces perovskite nanocrystals in the range of 200-300 nm. The spin-coated thin film formed from the perovskite solution exhibits strong green photoluminescence with a long lifetime. The effects of the functional group and polymer dosage on the crystallization of MAPbBr3 are systematically investigated, and the crystallization mechanism is explained based on a modified LaMer model. This study provides an advanced solution process for precisely controlling perovskite crystallization to enhance their optical properties for next-generation optoelectronic devices.

Stabilization of Lead-Reduced Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals by High-Entropy Alloying.

Colloidal metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanocrystals (NCs) are an emerging class of fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) for next-generation optoelectronics. A great hurdle hindering practical applications, however, is their high lead content, where most attempts addressing the challenge in the literature compromised the material's optical performance or colloidal stability. Here, we present a postsynthetic approach that stabilizes the lead-reduced MHP NCs through high-entropy alloying. Upon doping the NCs with multiple elements in considerably high concentrations, the resulting high-entropy perovskite (HEP) NCs remain to possess excellent colloidal stability and narrowband emission, with even higher photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields, ηPL, and shorter fluorescence lifetimes, τPL. The formation of multiple phases containing mixed interstitial and doping phases is suggested by X-ray crystallography. Importantly, the crystalline phases with higher degrees of lattice expansion and lattice contraction can be stabilized upon high-entropy alloying. We show that the lead content can be approximately reduced by up to 55% upon high-entropy alloying. The findings reported here make one big step closer to the commercialization of perovskite NCs.

Intrinsically stretchable and healable semiconducting polymer for organic transistors.

Thin-film field-effect transistors are essential elements of stretchable electronic devices for wearable electronics. All of the materials and components of such transistors need to be stretchable and mechanically robust. Although there has been recent progress towards stretchable conductors, the realization of stretchable semiconductors has focused mainly on strain-accommodating engineering of materials, or blending of nanofibres or nanowires into elastomers. An alternative approach relies on using semiconductors that are intrinsically stretchable, so that they can be fabricated using standard processing methods. Molecular stretchability can be enhanced when conjugated polymers, containing modified side-chains and segmented backbones, are infused with more flexible molecular building blocks. Here we present a design concept for stretchable semiconducting polymers, which involves introducing chemical moieties to promote dynamic non-covalent crosslinking of the conjugated polymers. These non-covalent crosslinking moieties are able to undergo an energy dissipation mechanism through breakage of bonds when strain is applied, while retaining high charge transport abilities. As a result, our polymer is able to recover its high field-effect mobility performance (more than 1 square centimetre per volt per second) even after a hundred cycles at 100 per cent applied strain. Organic thin-film field-effect transistors fabricated from these materials exhibited mobility as high as 1.3 square centimetres per volt per second and a high on/off current ratio exceeding a million. The field-effect mobility remained as high as 1.12 square centimetres per volt per second at 100 per cent strain along the direction perpendicular to the strain. The field-effect mobility of damaged devices can be almost fully recovered after a solvent and thermal healing treatment. Finally, we successfully fabricated a skin-inspired stretchable organic transistor operating under deformations that might be expected in a wearable device.

The Impacts of Polyisoprene Physical Interactions on Sorting of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes.

Conjugated polymer sorting is currently the best method to select large-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with tunable narrow chirality in the adaption of highly desired electronics applications. The acceleration on conjugated polymers-SWCNTs interaction with long-term stability through different molecular designs; for example, longer alkyl side-chains or conjugation moieties have been extensively developed in recent years. However, the importance of the macromolecules with abundant van der Waals (VDW) interaction in the conjugated-based block copolymer system acting during SWCNTs sorting is not clearly demonstrated. In this work, a conjugated diblock copolymer involving polyisoprene (PI) and highly dense π-interaction of poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) is utilized to investigate the impact of natural rubber PI physical interaction on sorting effectiveness and stability. Through the rational design of diblock copolymer, PFO with ≈1200 isoprene units can remarkably enhance SWCNTs sorting ability and selected few chiralities with a diameter of ≈0.83-1.1 nm and highly stable solution for more than 1 year. The introduction of long-chain PI system is attributed not only to form weak VDW force with SWCNTs and strengthen the wrapping of PFO around the semiconducting SWCNTs but also to act as a barrier among nanotubes to prevent reaggregation of sorted SWCNTs.

Capabilities of time-resolved X-ray excited optical luminescence of the Taiwan Photon Source 23A X-ray nanoprobe beamline.

Time-resolved X-ray excited optical luminescence (TR-XEOL) was developed successfully for the 23A X-ray nanoprobe beamline located at the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). The advantages of the TR-XEOL facility include (i) a nano-focused X-ray beam (<60 nm) with excellent spatial resolution and (ii) a streak camera that can simultaneously record the XEOL spectrum and decay time. Three time spans, including normal (30 ps to 2 ns), hybrid (30 ps to 310 ns) and single (30 ps to 1.72 µs) bunch modes, are available at the TPS, which can fulfil different experimental conditions involving samples with various lifetimes. It is anticipated that TR-XEOL at the TPS X-ray nanoprobe could provide great characterization capabilities for investigating the dynamics of photonic materials.

Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite Film for High-Performance Stretchable Resistive Memory Device.

A compatible organic/inorganic nanocomposite film for a stretchable resistive memory device with high performance is demonstrated using poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(propyl methacrylate) (P4VP-b-PPMA) with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle. The PPMA soft segment is designed for reducing the rigidity of the active layer, while the P4VP block serves as a charge-trapping component to induce conductive filament and also a compatible moiety for inorganic nanoparticles through hydrogen bonding. The experimental results show that the P4VP-b-PPMA-based electrical memory device exhibits write-once-read-many-times memory behavior and an excellent ON/OFF current ratio of over 105 with a stable turn-on voltage (Vset ) around -2.0 V and stable memory behavior upon stretching up to 60% strain. On the other hand, P4VP-b-PPMA/ZnO nanocomposite film switches the memory characteristic to the dynamic random access memory behavior. The stretchable memory device prepared from the nanocomposite film can have a stretching durability over 40% strain and up to 1000 times cycling stretch-relaxation test. This work demonstrates a new strategy using nanocomposite films with tunable electrical characteristics and enhanced mechanical properties for stretchable electrical devices.

An Elastic Interfacial Transistor Enabled by Superhydrophobicity.

Enabling mechanical responsiveness in field-effect transistors (FETs) offers new technological opportunity beyond the reach of existing platforms. Here a new force-sensing concept is proposed by controlling the wettability of a semiconductor surface, referring to the interfacial field-effect transistors (IFETs). An IFET made by superhydrophobic semiconductor nanowires (NWs) sandwiched between a layer of 2D electron gas (2DEG) and a conductive Cassie-Baxter (CB) sessile droplet is designed. Following the hydrostatic deformation of the CB droplet upon mechanical stress, an extremely small elastic modulus of 820 pascals vertical to the substrate plane, or ≈100 times softer than Ecoflex rubbers, enabling an excellent stress detection limit down to <10 pascals and a stress sensitivity of 36 kPa-1 is proposed. The IFET exhibits an on/off current ratio exceeding 3 × 104 , as the carrier density profile at the NW/2DEG interface is modulated by a partially penetrated electrostatic field. This study demonstrates a versatile platform that bridges multiple macroscopic interfacial phenomena with nanoelectronic responses.

Ultrapure Green Light-Emitting Diodes Using Two-Dimensional Formamidinium Perovskites: Achieving Recommendation 2020 Color Coordinates.

Pure green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are essential for realizing an ultrawide color gamut in next-generation displays, as is defined by the recommendation (Rec.) 2020 standard. However, because the human eye is more sensitive to the green spectral region, it is not yet possible to achieve an ultrapure green electroluminescence (EL) with a sufficiently narrow bandwidth that covers >95% of the Rec. 2020 standard in the CIE 1931 color space. Here, we demonstrate efficient, ultrapure green EL based on the colloidal two-dimensional (2D) formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) hybrid perovskites. Through the dielectric quantum well (DQW) engineering, the quantum-confined 2D FAPbBr3 perovskites exhibit a high exciton binding energy of 162 meV, resulting in a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of ∼92% in the spin-coated films. Our optimized LED devices show a maximum current efficiency (ηCE) of 13.02 cd A-1 and the CIE 1931 color coordinates of (0.168, 0.773). The color gamut covers 97% and 99% of the Rec. 2020 standard in the CIE 1931 and the CIE 1976 color space, respectively, representing the "greenest" LEDs ever reported. Moreover, the device shows only a ∼10% roll-off in ηCE (11.3 cd A-1) at 1000 cd m-2. We further demonstrate large-area (3 cm2) and ultraflexible (bending radius of 2 mm) LEDs based on 2D perovskites.

Stretchable Self-Healing Polymeric Dielectrics Cross-Linked Through Metal-Ligand Coordination.

A self-healing dielectric elastomer is achieved by the incorporation of metal-ligand coordination as cross-linking sites in nonpolar polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymers. The ligand is 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylic amide, while the metal salts investigated here are Fe(2+) and Zn(2+) with various counteranions. The kinetically labile coordination between Zn(2+) and bipyridine endows the polymer fast self-healing ability at ambient condition. When integrated into organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) as gate dielectrics, transistors with FeCl2 and ZnCl2 salts cross-linked PDMS exhibited increased dielectric constants compared to PDMS and demonstrated hysteresis-free transfer characteristics, owing to the low ion conductivity in PDMS and the strong columbic interaction between metal cations and the small Cl(-) anions which can prevent mobile anions drifting under gate bias. Fully stretchable transistors with FeCl2-PDMS dielectrics were fabricated and exhibited ideal transfer characteristics. The gate leakage current remained low even after 1000 cycles at 100% strain. The mechanical robustness and stable electrical performance proved its suitability for applications in stretchable electronics. On the other hand, transistors with gate dielectrics containing large-sized anions (BF4(-), ClO4(-), CF3SO3(-)) displayed prominent hysteresis due to mobile anions drifting under gate bias voltage. This work provides insights on future design of self-healing stretchable dielectric materials based on metal-ligand cross-linked polymers.

Partially-Screened Field Effect and Selective Carrier Injection at Organic Semiconductor/Graphene Heterointerface.

Due to the lack of a bandgap, applications of graphene require special device structures and engineering strategies to enable semiconducting characteristics at room temperature. To this end, graphene-based vertical field-effect transistors (VFETs) are emerging as one of the most promising candidates. Previous work attributed the current modulation primarily to gate-modulated graphene-semiconductor Schottky barrier. Here, we report the first experimental evidence that the partially screened field effect and selective carrier injection through graphene dominate the electronic transport at the organic semiconductor/graphene heterointerface. The new mechanistic insight allows us to rationally design graphene VFETs. Flexible organic/graphene VFETs with bending radius <1 mm and the output current per unit layout area equivalent to that of the best oxide planar FETs can be achieved. We suggest driving organic light emitting diodes with such VFETs as a promising application.

Multilevel nonvolatile flexible organic field-effect transistor memories employing polyimide electrets with different charge-transfer effects.

The electrical memory characteristics of the n-channel organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) employing diverse polyimide (PI) electrets are reported. The synthesized PIs comprise identical electron donor and three different building blocks with gradually increasing electron-accepting ability. The distinct charge-transfer capabilities of these PIs result in varied type of memory behaviors from the write-one-read-many (WORM) to flash type. Finally, a prominent flexible WORM-type transistor memory is demonstrated and shows not only promising write-many-read-many (WMRM) multilevel data storage but also excellent mechanical and retention stability.

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in the presence of associated severe traumatic brain injury: A propensity-score matched study.

BACKGROUND: Experimental work suggested that resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) preserves cerebral circulation in animal models of traumatic brain injury. No clinical work has evaluated the role of REBOA in the presence of associated severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We investigated the impacts of REBOA on neurological and survival outcomes. METHODS: Propensity-score matched study, using the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program database. Patients with severe TBI patients (Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥3) receiving REBOA within 4 â€‹h from arrival were matched with similar patients not receiving REBOA. Neurological matching included head AIS, pupils, and midline shift. Clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: 434 REBOA patients were matched with 859 patients without REBOA. Patients in the REBOA group had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (63.6 â€‹% vs 44.2 â€‹%, p â€‹< â€‹0.001), severe sepsis (4.4 â€‹% vs 2.2 â€‹%, p â€‹= â€‹0.029), acute kidney injury (10.1 â€‹% vs 6.6 â€‹%, p â€‹= â€‹0.029), and withdrawal of life support (25.4 â€‹% vs 19.6 â€‹%, p â€‹= â€‹0.020) despite of lower craniectomy/craniotomy rate (7.1 â€‹% vs 12.7 â€‹%, p â€‹< â€‹0.002). CONCLUSION: In patients with severe TBI, REBOA use is associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality, AKI, and infectious complications.

Standardization and quantification of backscattered electron imaging in scanning electron microscopy.

Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been widely used in scientific and industrial disciplines. However, achieving consistent standards and precise quantification in BSE images has proven to be a long-standing challenge. Previous methods incorporating dedicated calibration processes and Monte Carlo simulations have still posed practical limitations for widespread adoption. Here we introduce a bolometer platform that directly measures the absorbed thermal energy of the sample and demonstrates that it can help to analyze the atomic number (Z) of the investigated samples. The technique, named Atomic Number Electron Microscopy (ZEM), employs the conservation of energy as the foundation of standardization and can serve as a nearly ideal BSE detector. Our approach combines the strengths of both BSE and ZEM detectors, simplifying quantitative analysis for samples of various shapes and sizes. The complementary relation between the ZEM and BSE signals also makes the detection of light elements or compounds more accessible than existing microanalysis techniques.

Elastic and Self-Healing Copolymer Coatings with Antimicrobial Function.

The revolutionary self-healing function for long-term and safe service processes has inspired researchers to implement them in various fields, including in the application of antimicrobial protective coatings. Despite the great advances that have been made in the field of fabricating self-healing and antimicrobial polymers, their poor transparency and the trade-off between the mechanical and self-healing properties limit the utility of the materials as transparent antimicrobial protective coatings for wearable optical and display devices. Considering the compatibility in the blending process, our group proposed a self-healing, self-cross-linkable poly{(n-butyl acrylate)-co-[N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide]} copolymer (AP)-based protective coating combined with two types of commercial cationic antimicrobial agents (i.e., dimethyl octadecyl (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) ammonium chloride (DTSACL) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)), leading to the fabrication of a multifunctional modified compound film of (AP/b%CHG)-grafted-a%DTSACL. The first highlight of this research is that the reactivity of the hydroxyl group in the N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide of the copolymer side chains under thermal conditions facilitates the "grafting to" process with the trimethoxysilane groups of DTSACL to form AP-grafted-DTSACL, yielding favorable thermal stability, improvement in hydrophobicity, and enhancement of mechanical strength. Second, we highlight that the addition of CHG can generate covalent and noncovalent interactions in a complex manner between the two biguanide groups of CHG with the AP and DTSACL via a thermal-triggered cross-linking reaction. The noncovalent interactions synergistically serve as diverse dynamic hydrogen bonds, leading to complete healing upon scratches and even showing over 80% self-healing efficiency on full-cut, while covalent bonding can effectively improve elasticity and mechanical strength. The soft nature of CHG also takes part in improving the self-healing of the copolymer. Moreover, it was discovered that the addition of CHG can enhance antimicrobial effectiveness, as demonstrated by the long-term superior antibacterial activity (100%) against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria and the antifouling function on a glass substrate and/or a silica wafer coated by the modified polymer.

Vacuum-Assisted Self-Healing Amphiphilic Copolymer Membranes for Gas Separation.

Membrane gas separation provides a multitude of benefits over alternative separation techniques, especially in terms of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. While polymeric membranes have been extensively investigated for gas separations, their self-healing capabilities have often been neglected. In this work, we have developed innovative self-healing amphiphilic copolymers by strategically incorporating three functional segments: n-butyl acrylate (BA), N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide (NMA), and methacrylic acid (MAA). Utilizing these three functional components, we have synthesized two distinct amphiphilic copolymers, namely, APNMA (PBAx-co-PNMAy) and APMAA (PBAx-co-PMAAy). These copolymers have been meticulously designed for gas separation applications. During the creation of these amphiphilic copolymers, BA and NMA segments were selected due to their vital role in the ease of tuning mechanical and self-healing properties. The functional groups (-OH and -NH) present on the NMA segment interact with CO2 through hydrogen bonding, thereby boosting CO2/N2 separation and achieving superior selectivity. We assessed the self-healing potential of these amphiphilic copolymer membranes using two distinct strategies: conventional and vacuum-assisted self-healing. In the vacuum-assisted approach, a robust vacuum pump generates a suction force, leading to the formation of a cone-like shape in the membrane. This formation allows common fracture sites to adhere and trigger the self-healing process. As a result, APNMA maintains its high gas permeability and CO2/N2 selectivity even after the vacuum-assisted self-healing operation. The ideal CO2/N2 selectivity of the APNMA membrane aligns closely with the commercially available PEBAX-1657 membrane (17.54 vs 20.09). Notably, the gas selectivity of the APNMA membrane can be readily restored after damage, in contrast to the PEBAX-1657 membrane, which loses its selectivity upon damage.

Fully Photoswitchable Phototransistor Memory Comprising Perovskite Quantum Dot-Based Hybrid Nanocomposites as a Photoresponsive Floating Gate.

Tremendous research efforts have been dedicated into the field of photoresponsive nonvolatile memory devices owing to their advantages of fast transmitting speed, low latency, and power-saving property that are suitable for replacing current electrical-driven electronics. However, the reported memory devices still rely on the assistance of gate bias to program them, and a real fully photoswitchable transistor memory is still rare. Herein, we report a phototransistor memory device comprising polymer/perovskite quantum dot (QD) hybrid nanocomposites as a photoresponsive floating gate. The perovskite QDs offer an effective discreteness with an excellent photoresponse that are suitable for photogate application. In addition, a series of ultraviolet (UV)-sensitive insulating polymer hosts were designed to investigate the effect of UV light on the memory behavior. We found that a fully photoswitchable memory device was fulfilled by using the independent and sequential photoexcitation between a UV-sensitive polymer host and a visible light-sensitive QD photogates, which produced decent photoresponse, memory switchability, and highly stable memory retention with a memory ratio of 104 over 104 s. This study not only unraveled the mystery in the fully photoswitchable functionality of nonvolatile memory but also enlightened their potential in the next-generation electronics for light-fidelity application.

Facile Blending Strategy for Boosting the Conjugated Polymer Semiconductor Transistor's Mobility.

The optimization of field-effect mobility in polymer field-effect transistors (FETs) is a critical parameter for advancing organic electronics. Today, many challenges still persist in understanding the roles of the design and processing of semiconducting polymers toward electronic performance. To address this, a facile approach to solution processing using blends of PDPP-TVT and PTPA-3CN is developed, resulting in a 3.5-fold increase in hole mobility and retained stability in electrical performance over 3 cm2 V-1 s-1 after 20 weeks. The amorphous D-A conjugated structure and strong intramolecular polarity of PTPA-3CN are identified as major contributors to the observed improvements in mobility. Additionally, the composite analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the flash differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique showed a uniform distribution and was well mixed in binary polymer systems. This mobility enhancement technique has also been successfully applied to other polymer semiconductor systems, offering a new design strategy for blending-type organic transistor systems. This blending methodology holds great promise for the practical applications of OFETs.

Realizing Broadband NIR Photodetection and Ultrahigh Responsivity with Ternary Blend Organic Photodetector.

With the advancement of portable optoelectronics, organic semiconductors have been attracting attention for their use in the sensing of white and near-infrared light. Ideally, an organic photodiode (OPD) should simultaneously display high responsivity and a high response frequency. In this study we used a ternary blend strategy to prepare PM6: BTP-eC9: PCBM-based OPDs with a broad bandwidth (350-950 nm), ultrahigh responsivity, and a high response frequency. We monitored the dark currents of the OPDs prepared at various PC71BM blend ratios and evaluated their blend film morphologies using optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. Optimization of the morphology and energy level alignment of the blend films resulted in the OPD prepared with a PM6:BTP-eC9:PC71BM ternary blend weight ratio of 1:1.2:0.5 displaying an extremely low dark current (3.27 × 10-9 A cm-2) under reverse bias at -1 V, with an ultrahigh cut-off frequency (610 kHz, at 530 nm), high responsivity (0.59 A W-1, at -1.5 V), and high detectivity (1.10 × 1013 Jones, under a reverse bias of -1 V at 860 nm). Furthermore, the rise and fall times of this OPD were rapid (114 and 110 ns), respectively.

Anisotropic nanocrystal superlattices overcoming intrinsic light outcoupling efficiency limit in perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes.

Quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are emerging as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation displays. However, their intrinsic light outcoupling efficiency remains considerably lower than the organic counterpart, because it is not yet possible to control the transition-dipole-moment (TDM) orientation in QD solids at device level. Here, using the colloidal lead halide perovskite anisotropic nanocrystals (ANCs) as a model system, we report a directed self-assembly approach to form the anisotropic nanocrystal superlattices (ANSLs). Emission polarization in individual ANCs rescales the radiation from horizontal and vertical transition dipoles, effectively resulting in preferentially horizontal TDM orientation. Based on the emissive thin films comprised of ANSLs, we demonstrate an enhanced ratio of horizontal dipole up to 0.75, enhancing the theoretical light outcoupling efficiency of greater than 30%. Our optimized single-junction QD LEDs showed peak external quantum efficiency of up to 24.96%, comparable to state-of-the-art organic LEDs.