RESUMO
BACKGROUND: There are only scant studies of predicting outcomes of pediatric resuscitation due to lack of population-based data. This study aimed to determine variable factors that may impact the survival of resuscitated children aged under 24 months. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 66 children under 24 months. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with pediatric advanced life support guideline was performed uniformly for all children. Linear regression analysis with variable factors was conducted to determine impacts on mortality. RESULT: Factors with statistically significant increases in mortality were the number of administered epinephrine (p value < 0.001), total CPR duration (p value < 0.001), in-hospital CPR duration of out-hospital cardiac arrest (p value < 0.001), and changes in cardiac rhythm (p value < 0.040). However, there is no statistically significant association between patient outcomes and remaining factors such as age, sex, underlying disease, etiology, time between last normal to CPR, initial CPR location, initial cardiac rhythm, venous access time, or inotropic usage. CONCLUSION: More than 10 times of epinephrine administration and CPR duration longer than 30 minutes were associated with a higher mortality rate, while each epinephrine administration and prolonged CPR time increased mortality. IMPACT STATEMENT: This study analyzed various factors influencing mortality after cardiac arrest in patients under 24 months. Increased number of administered epinephrine and prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration do not increase survival rate in patients under 24 months. In patients with electrocardiogram rhythm changes during CPR, mortality increased when the rhythm changed into asystole in comparison to no changes occurring in the rhythm.
Assuntos
Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Parada Cardíaca , Humanos , Criança , Estudos Retrospectivos , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , EpinefrinaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure has been increasing in the emergency department (ED). However, studies are lacking on the prediction of HFNC failure before therapy initiation in the ED. We investigated whether the existing indices, such as the ratio of pulse oximetry oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen to respiratory rate (ROX) and ratio of ROX index to heart rate (ROX-HR), can accurately predict HFNC failure at the conventional oxygen therapy phase in the ED. METHODS: This retrospective single-center study included patients treated with HFNC in the ED. The ROX and ROX-HR indices were calculated before initiating HFNC. An estimated fraction of inspired oxygen was used for conventional oxygen therapy. We plotted each index's receiver operating characteristics curve and calculated the area under the curve (AUC) for diagnostic capacity. The optimal cutoff values were assessed using the Youden index. The primary outcome was HFNC failure, defined as intubation in the ED. RESULTS: Among the 97 included patients, 25 (25.8%) failed HFNC therapy in the ED. The ROX and ROX-HR indices measured before initiating HFNC showed AUCs of 0.709 and 0.754, respectively. A ROX index of <5.614 and a ROX-HR index of <6.152 were associated with a high risk of intubation, even after correcting for confounding variables. CONCLUSION: The ROX and ROX-HR indices measured before initiating HFNC provide a relatively fair predictive value of HFNC failure in the ED.
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Cânula , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Oximetria , Oxigenoterapia , Insuficiência Respiratória , Humanos , Masculino , Oxigenoterapia/métodos , Oxigenoterapia/instrumentação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Falha de Tratamento , Taxa Respiratória , Saturação de Oxigênio , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Curva ROCRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Chloride is an important electrolyte in the body. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the associations between chloride levels on emergency department (ED) admission and neurologic outcomes by stratifying patients undergoing targeted temperature management (TTM) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) into three groups (hyper/normo/hypochloremia); we also assessed the effect of changes in chloride levels from baseline over time on outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective, observational cohort study of 346 patients was conducted between 2011 and 2019. The chloride levels were categorized as hypochloremia, normochloremia, and hyperchloremia by predetermined definitions. The primary endpoint was poor neurologic outcomes after hospital discharge. We evaluated the associations between chloride levels on ED admission and neurologic outcomes and assess the effect of changes in chloride levels over time on clinical outcomes. RESULTS: On ED admission, compared with normochloremia, hypochloremia was significantly associated with unfavorable neurologic outcomes (OR, 2.668; 95% CI, 1.217-5.850, P = 0.014). Over time, unfavorable neurologic outcomes were significantly associated with increases in chloride levels in the hyperchloremia and normochloremia groups after ED admission. The rates of poor neurologic outcomes in the hyperchloremia and normochloremia groups were increased by 14.2% at Time-12, 20.1% at Time-24, and 9.3% at Time-48 with a 1-mEq/L increase in chloride levels. CONCLUSION: In clinical practice, chloride levels can be routinely and serially measured cost-effectively. Thus, baseline chloride levels may be a promising tool for rapid risk stratification of patients after OHCA. For fluid resuscitation after cardiac arrest, a chloride-restricted solution may be an early therapeutic strategy.
Assuntos
Cloretos/sangue , Hidratação/métodos , Parada Cardíaca Extra-Hospitalar/terapia , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Hipotermia Induzida/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Parada Cardíaca Extra-Hospitalar/mortalidade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
AIM: To develop a multimodality simulation program for hospital nurses to enhance their disaster competency and evaluate the effect of the program. METHODS: The program implementation started in October 2016 and ended in December 2016. It was developed using the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). Evaluation consisted of formative assessment and summative assessment. Formative assessment was performed during triage, crisis management, and problem-solving simulation programs through direct feedback and debriefing from the teacher. Summative assessment was performed using the Kirkpatrick curriculum evaluation framework. RESULTS: Needs assessment using the modified Delphi survey resulted in these competencies for hospital disaster nursing: triage, incident command, surge capacity, life-saving procedures, and special situations. Each competency was matched with the appropriate simulation modalities. A total of 40 emergency nurses participated in the study program. The evaluation of the program resulted in improvement in perception, crisis management, problem solving, and technical skills in disaster nursing. CONCLUSION: Multimodality simulation training program was developed to enhance the competency of hospital nurses in disaster response. All participants improved their disaster response competencies significantly. The program that was developed in this study could be used as a fundamental tool in future research in disaster curriculum development.
Assuntos
Planejamento em Desastres/organização & administração , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/educação , Treinamento por Simulação/organização & administração , Currículo , Humanos , Masculino , Desenvolvimento de Programas/métodos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , TriagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Using a two-dimensional ultrasound-guided approach does not guarantee success during the first attempt at internal jugular vein cannulation. Our randomized, parallel simulation study examined whether a new disposable device could improve the success rate of the first attempt at ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein cannulation of a simulated internal jugular vein. METHODS: Eighty-eight participants were randomized to perform needle insertion for internal jugular vein cannulation of a phantom using the ultrasound-guided approach with (case group) or without (control group) this new device. The primary outcome was the success rate of the first attempt. The secondary outcome was the frequency of mechanical complications such as arterial puncture and posterior wall puncture, procedure time, and level of difficulty. RESULTS: Among 44 participants using the device, 33 (75.0%) achieved successful cannulation on the first attempt. However, only 12 (27.3%) of the 44 participants not using the device recorded success during the first attempt (risk difference, 0.477; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.294-0.661; P<0.001). The number of attempts was significantly lower (risk difference, -3.955; 95% CI, -5.014 to -3.712; P<0.001) when participants performed cannulation with the device (1.63±1.71) than without the device (5.59±5.78). Our study also showed that participants were comfortable when performing the ultrasound-guided approach with the new device (risk difference, -1.955; 95% CI, -2.016 to -1.493; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The new disposable device was effective for successful first attempts at needle insertion during ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein cannulation. Future clinical trials are needed to assess the effectiveness of this device.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Venoso Central/instrumentação , Veias Jugulares/cirurgia , Adulto , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Humanos , Internato e Residência , Masculino , Agulhas , Imagens de Fantasmas , Estudos Prospectivos , Punções , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoRESUMO
Despite high awareness of the need, opportunities for nurses to gain disaster experience or training are limited. In Korea, most disaster training is done in an undergraduate curriculum where there is very limited practice, and the educational topics are mostly focused on the field aspect of disaster events. The purpose of this study was to determine the need for such training for hospital nurses and to determine appropriate and relevant components of the training contents. A qualitative survey approach using the modified Delphi method was used to collect and analyze the data. The surveys were conducted in 3 rounds. After the results were analyzed from the third-round survey, the authors finalized the contents for a training program to prepare nurses for their roles during disasters. Through a structured needs analysis using a modified Delphi survey, the framework for the content development of disaster training curriculum for hospital nurses was developed.
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Defesa Civil/educação , Avaliação das Necessidades , Enfermeiros Internacionais/educação , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/educação , Adulto , Técnica Delphi , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/estatística & dados numéricos , República da Coreia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: No well-established treatment strategies exist for lateral margin positivity (LM+) alone after endoscopic resection (ER) of early gastric cancer (EGC). Thus, we aimed to clarify a treatment strategy for non-curative resection (non-CR) with LM+ alone after ER in EGC. METHODS: Among 2065 patients with EGC treated by ER, 76 (3.6%) with only LM+ after non-CR of EGC were reviewed retrospectively. Of these, 28 underwent gastrectomy, 25 underwent argon plasma coagulation (APC), and 23 underwent repeat ER (re-ER). We analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics of all patients and compared those who underwent additive surgery, APC, or re-ER. RESULTS: Of the 76 patients, 28 (36.8%) fulfilled the absolute criteria and 48 (63.2%) the expanded criteria for ER. Among the latter patients, the proportion undergoing additive surgery was 75.0%, higher than that of patients in the former group (P = .014). Residual cancer cells were observed in 70.6% of patients after additive surgery or re-ER. Residual cancer cells were observed significantly more often in patients with undifferentiated-type than in those with differentiated-type EGC (P = .02). However, no lymph node metastasis was observed in any patient after additive surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that endoscopic treatment may be a sufficient additive therapy for patients with LM+ alone after ER, irrespective of whether the absolute or expanded ER criteria are used. However, as complete ablation of remnant cells cannot be guaranteed, re-ER is a better additive treatment than APC.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete/cirurgia , Gastroscopia/métodos , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Idoso , Coagulação com Plasma de Argônio , Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete/patologia , Feminino , Gastrectomia , Humanos , Linfonodos/patologia , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Margens de Excisão , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasia Residual , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This is the first study to evaluate the association between the serially measured RDW values and clinical severity in patients surviving >24 h after sustaining trauma. We evaluated the serial measurement and cut-off values of RDW to determine its significance as a prognostic marker of early mortality in patients with suspected severe trauma. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed prospective data of eligible adult patients who were admitted to the ED with suspected severe trauma. The RDW was determined on each day of hospitalization. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 28-days of ED admission. RESULTS: We included 305 patients who met our inclusion criteria. The multivariate Cox regression model demonstrated that higher RDW values on day 1 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.558; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-2.227; p=0.015) and day 2 (HR, 1.549; 95% CI, 1.046-2.294; p=0.029) were strong independent predictors of short-term mortality among patients with suspected severe trauma. Considering the clinical course of severe trauma patients, the RDW is an important ancillary test for determining severity. Specifically, we found that RDW values >14.4% on day 1 (HR, 4.227; 95% CI: 1.672-10.942; p<0.001) and >14.7% on day 2 (HR, 6.041; 95% CI: 2.361-15.458; p<0.001) increased the hazard 28-day all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION: An increased RDW value is an independent predictor of 28-day mortality in patients with suspected severe trauma. The RDW, routinely obtained as part of the complete blood count without added cost or time, can be serially measured as indicator of severity after trauma.
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Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Choque Hemorrágico/sangue , Ferimentos e Lesões/sangue , Procedimentos Clínicos , Índices de Eritrócitos , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Choque Hemorrágico/etiologia , Choque Hemorrágico/mortalidade , Fatores de Tempo , Ferimentos e Lesões/complicações , Ferimentos e Lesões/mortalidadeRESUMO
The aim of this study was to develop a simulation-based time-out learning programme targeted to nurses participating in high-risk invasive procedures and to figure out the effects of application of the new programme on acceptance of nurses. This study was performed using a simulation-based learning predesign and postdesign to figure out the effects of implementation of this programme. It was targeted to 48 registered nurses working in the general ward and the emergency department in a tertiary teaching hospital. Difference between acceptance and performance rates has been figured out by using mean, standard deviation, and Wilcoxon-signed rank test. The perception survey and score sheet have been validated through content validation index, and the reliability of evaluator has been verified by using intraclass correlation coefficient. Results showed high level of acceptance of high-risk invasive procedure (P<.01). Further, improvement was consistent regardless of clinical experience, workplace, or experience in simulation-based learning. The face validity of the programme showed over 4.0 out of 5.0. This simulation-based learning programme was effective in improving the recognition of time-out protocol and has given the participants the opportunity to become proactive in cases of high-risk invasive procedures performed outside of operating room.
Assuntos
Protocolos Clínicos , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Erros Médicos/prevenção & controle , Treinamento por Simulação , Adulto , Feminino , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Masculino , Salas Cirúrgicas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Endoscopic resection is performed in undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer (UD-EGC), including poorly differentiated (PD) adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell (SRC) carcinoma. We previously found that different approaches are needed for PD adenocarcinoma and SRC carcinoma for curative resection. However, according to the 2010 WHO classification, diffuse-type PD adenocarcinoma and SRC carcinoma are categorized in the "poorly cohesive carcinomas." Thus, we assessed whether the WHO classification is helpful when endoscopic resection is performed for treatment of UD-EGC. METHODS: We analyzed clinicopathological features of 1295 lesions with SRC carcinoma and PD adenocarcinoma treated by open surgery. We recategorized them into intestinal-type PD adenocarcinomas and poorly cohesive carcinomas (SRC carcinoma, diffuse-type PD adenocarcinoma). We also recategorized 176 lesions treated by endoscopic resection into intestinal-type PD adenocarcinomas and poorly cohesive carcinomas. RESULTS: According to the open surgery data, the rates of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and lymphovascular invasion were significantly lower in SRC carcinoma than in diffuse-type and intestinal-type PD adenocarcinomas. The rates of LNM and lymphovascular invasion were significantly higher in diffuse-type PD adenocarcinoma than in SRC carcinoma. Endoscopic resection data showed no recurrence if the carcinoma was curatively resected. However, the commonest cause of noncurative resection was different in SRC carcinoma and PD adenocarcinoma. A positive lateral margin was the commonest cause in SRC carcinoma versus a positive vertical margin in both intestinal-type and diffuse-type PD adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical behavior differs in diffuse-type PD adenocarcinoma and SRC carcinoma. On the basis of LNM and outcomes of endoscopic resection, the recent WHO classification may not be helpful when endoscopic resection is performed for treatment of UD-EGC.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete/secundário , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/classificação , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete/classificação , Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete/cirurgia , Endoscopia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Gastroscopia , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Invasividade Neoplásica , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/classificação , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
The management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in anticoagulated patients with supratherapeutic international normalized ratios (INRs) presents a challenge. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety of endoscopic therapy for UGIB in anticoagulated patients with supratherapeutic INR in terms of rebleeding and therapeutic outcomes. One hundred ninety-two anticoagulated patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for UGIB were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the occurrence of rebleeding within 30 days of the initial therapeutic endoscopy: no-rebleeding group (n = 168) and rebleeding group (n = 24). The overall rebleeding rate was 12.5%. Bleeding from gastric cancer and bleeding at the duodenum were significantly related to rebleeding in a univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis determined that presenting symptoms other than melena (hematemesis, hematochezia, or others) (odds ratio, 3.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.44-10.76) and bleeding from gastric cancer (odds ratio, 6.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-29.25) were significant factors predictive of rebleeding. Supratherapeutic INR at the time of endoscopic therapy was not significantly associated with rebleeding in either univariate or multivariate analysis. Significant differences in bleeding-related mortality, additional intervention to control bleeding, length of hospital stay, and transfusion requirements were revealed between the rebleeding and no-rebleeding groups. There were no significant differences in therapeutic outcomes between patients with INR within the therapeutic range and those with supratherapeutic INR. Supratherapeutic INR at the time of endoscopic therapy did not change rebleeding and therapeutic outcomes. Thus, we should consider endoscopic therapy for UGIB in anticoagulated patients, irrespective of INR at the time of endoscopic therapy.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Transfusão de Sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Feminino , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/epidemiologia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Humanos , Coeficiente Internacional Normatizado , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Melena , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In early gastric cancer (EGC) and gastric adenoma, residual tumors may develop despite complete endoscopic resection (ER). To improve the chance of curative resection, we investigated the risk factors of residual tumor development in completely resected gastric epithelial neoplasia after ER. METHODS: In total, 3,879 gastric epithelial neoplasms showing complete resection after ER were examined; 46 (1.2 %) residual tumors were found upon follow-up endoscopy. Clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated between those with and without residual tumors. RESULTS: For gastric adenoma, high-grade dysplasia and severe intestinal metaplasia (IM) in the background mucosa were significantly associated with residual tumors. For EGC, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PD), signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC), having a minimum lateral safety margin of <3 mm, and localization in the upper third of the stomach were significantly associated with residual tumors. Multivariate analysis revealed that a lateral safety margin of <3 mm (OR 13.8; p < 0.001), PD (OR 16.3; p = 0.014), and SRC (OR 9.8; p = 0.009) among EGC patients, and severe IM in the background mucosa (OR 9.0; p = 0.024) among gastric adenoma patients, were significantly associated with residual tumors. CONCLUSIONS: For neoplasms with undifferentiated histology (PD or SRC), short-term endoscopic follow-up may help to detect residual tumors that form after complete resection via ER. For EGC, the lateral margin may be considered safe if greater than 3 mm. However, the possibility of satellite lesions should be investigated when the gastric adenoma to be resected is surrounded by severe IM.
Assuntos
Adenoma/cirurgia , Gastrectomia/métodos , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Laparoscopia/métodos , Gradação de Tumores , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Adenoma/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Gastroscopia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasia Residual , Período Pós-Operatório , Prognóstico , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: We evaluated the ratio of delta neutrophil index (DNI) to albumin (A) in patients receiving early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) to determine the prognostic significance of the DNI/A ratio as a marker of early mortality in critically ill patients with suspected sepsis. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed records from a prospective EGDT registry in an emergency department (ED) and screened eligible adult patients who were admitted to the ED with severe sepsis and/or septic shock. The new DNI/A ratio was calculated as the DNI value on each hospital day divided by the initial albumin level on ED admission. The clinical outcome was mortality after 28 days. RESULTS: A total of 120 patients receiving EGDT were included in this study. Multivariate Cox proportional-hazard models revealed that higher DNI/A ratios on day 1 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.068; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.13; P = .0209) and the peak day (HR, 1.057; 95% CI, 1.001-1.116; P = .0456) were independent risk factors for mortality at 28 days. Our study demonstrated that the increased trend toward 28-day mortality was associated with a DNI/A ratio greater than 8.4 on day 1 (HR, 2.513; 95% CI, 0.950-6.64; P = .0528) and a higher DNI/A ratio (>6.4) on the peak day (average, 4.2 days; HR, 2.953; 95% CI, 1.033-8.441; P < .001) in patients with severe sepsis receiving EGDT. CONCLUSION: The ratio of DNI to serum albumin on ED admission is a promising prognostic marker of 28-day mortality in patients with severe sepsis receiving EGDT.
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Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Sepse/mortalidade , Albumina Sérica/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Sepse/sangue , Sepse/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The investigators developed a Web-based online registration system to identify the current status of trauma airway management. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to identify first-pass success (FPS) rate of the intubation methods and devices that are currently used, as well as the factors that affect FPS in trauma patients. METHODS: This study was designed as a prospective, observational multi-center study. We obtained clinical data of intubated trauma patients in 13 academic emergency departments in Korea. After performing an intubation, each patient's data were entered into a Web-based registry. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors that affect FPS. RESULTS: The FPS rate was 80.6% in all trauma patients. The curved-blade laryngoscope was the most commonly used instrument, and was applied to 1395 patients (76.2%) during first attempt. Video laryngoscopy was applied to 341 patients (18.6%). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, factors that affected FPS in difficult airway trauma patients were emergency physicians, senior physicians, and video laryngoscopy (odds ratio 2.42, 95% confidence interval 1.04-5.65; 1.80, 1.16-2.79; and 2.16, 1.39-3.33, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Emergency physicians in Korea are prepared for trauma patient airway management. The backup by experienced senior physicians, and preparation and training for video laryngoscope could assist FPS for trauma patients.
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Competência Clínica , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , Intubação Intratraqueal/estatística & dados numéricos , Laringoscopia/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/uso terapêutico , Internet , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Intubação Intratraqueal/instrumentação , Laringoscópios , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , República da Coreia , Cirurgia VídeoassistidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Histologic discrepancies among specimens obtained by forceps biopsy and endoscopic resection (ER) between the differentiated and undifferentiated types often occur in early gastric cancer (EGC). This study aimed to evaluate the predictive clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical implications of histologic discrepancies in EGC. METHODS: From August 2005 to March 2012, 596 lesions from 579 patients underwent ER for EGC. The lesions studied were diagnosed as the differentiated histologic type from forceps biopsy specimens. The lesions were grouped according to the occurrence of histologic discrepancy between the differentiated and undifferentiated types in specimens obtained by ER as concordant (n = 570) or discordant (n = 26). The main outcome measures were en bloc resection, complete resection, and curative resection rates. RESULTS: The histologic discrepancy rate was 4.4% among the studied lesions. Larger size, lesion location in the mid third of the stomach, easy friability, exudates, and submucosal invasion shown on endoscopic ultrasound were significantly related to histologic discrepancy in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, lesion location in the mid third of the stomach [odds ratio (OR) 5.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59-19.13] and easy friability (OR 29.26, 95% CI 2.30 to >999.9) were significant factors associated with histologic discrepancy. The complete resection and curative resection rates were significantly lower and the additional operation rates after ER were significantly higher in the discordant group. CONCLUSIONS: The EGCs with histologic discrepancy between the differentiated and undifferentiated types changed the therapeutic outcomes of ER. Easily friable lesions located in the mid third of the stomach carry a significant risk for histologic discrepancy in undifferentiated histology when ER of EGCs is performed.
Assuntos
Gastroscopia , Avaliação de Resultados da Assistência ao Paciente , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Biópsia/métodos , Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete/patologia , Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete/cirurgia , Feminino , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Invasividade Neoplásica , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Accurate tumor size measurement is critical for selecting proper candidates for endoscopic resection (ER) of early gastric cancer (EGC). However, size discrepancy between endoscopic size and pathologic size often occurs during ER for EGC. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics related to size discrepancy and the clinical implications of size discrepancies in terms of therapeutic outcomes. METHODS: Between April 2006 and June 2013, a total of 820 patients with 826 EGCs underwent ER. Enrolled lesions were categorized into the following three groups based on size discrepancy between endoscopic size and pathologic size: well-estimated (N = 308), underestimated (N = 215), or overestimated (N = 303) lesions. The well-estimated group was defined as lesions with a ratio of endoscopic size to pathologic size from 0.7 to 1.3. RESULTS: The overall median size discrepancy was 5.0 mm (interquartile range 2.0-9.0). Size, location, macroscopic type, primary tumor stage, and histology differed significantly between the three groups. Larger size [odds ratio (OR) 5.07, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 3.38-7.59, p < 0.001], flat/depressed type (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.15-2.55, p = 0.008), and undifferentiated histology (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.31-3.83, p = 0.003) were independent risk factors for endoscopic size underestimation in multivariate analysis. Smaller size (OR 10.95, 95% CI 4.64-25.87, p < 0.001) was the only independent predictor for endoscopic overestimation of size. Significantly lower complete resection and curative resection rates were detected in the underestimated group compared with the well-estimated group, while the complete resection rate in the overestimated group tended to be higher than in the well-estimated group. There was no significant difference of curative resection rate between the overestimated and the well-estimated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Larger size, flat/depressed type, and undifferentiated histology of EGC carry a significant risk for endoscopic underestimation of lesion size, which results in the lower rates of complete and curative resections for EGC. Further studies to reduce size discrepancy are warranted.
Assuntos
Gastroscopia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Idoso , Biópsia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a standard treatment for gastric neoplasia limited to the mucosa without lymph node metastasis. However, there are neither standardized guidelines nor studies on the best time to start oral intake after ESD. The aim of this study was to compare patient satisfaction, safety, length of hospital stay, and economic feasibility between an early post-ESD diet and the conventional immediate fasting protocol. METHODS: A total of 130 patients with 156 gastric epithelial neoplasias who underwent ESD by a single expert endoscopist were consecutively and prospectively enrolled. Enrolled patients were randomized to an early diet group or a control group. The early diet group started meals as a clear liquid diet on day 0, and a soft diet and general diet in sequence on day 1. The fasting group was fasted for 2 days. Patients in both groups underwent second-look endoscopy within 2 days following ESD and follow-up endoscopy after 2 months. RESULTS: In the course of the study, ten patients were excluded. The total number of patients in the early diet group and control group was 63 and 57, respectively. Mean age was 62 years (±9.4). There were no significant differences in clinicopathologic conditions or endoscopic results such as procedure time or size of lesions between the two groups. There were no significant differences in abdominal pain score, rate of post-ESD bleeding or healing rate of ESD-induced ulcer between the two groups. However, the early diet protocol led to significantly higher patient satisfaction (p = 0.001), lower hospital costs (p < 0.001), and shorter hospital stay (p < 0.001) than the conventional fasting protocol. CONCLUSIONS: An early post-ESD diet protocol provides higher patient satisfaction, is more cost effective, decreases hospital stay, and does not influence complication rates such as post-ESD bleeding, abdominal pain, or ulcer healing compared with the conventional fasting protocol.
Assuntos
Dieta , Dissecação/métodos , Mucosa Gástrica/cirurgia , Gastroscopia/métodos , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/cirurgia , Satisfação do Paciente , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The causes of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome or hepatic hemorrhage as a serious complication of HELLP are not known. Although spontaneous hepatic rupture associated with HELLP syndrome is a rare complication of pregnancy, hepatic rupture results in life-threatening complications. The cornerstone of prognosis is early diagnosis. Hepatic rupture in HELLP syndrome should be considered a differential diagnosis in pregnant patients with sudden onset of abdominal pain or hypotension. We report a case of 30-year-old primigravida female with spontaneous hepatic rupture caused by HELLP syndrome as a presenting symptom of right upper quadrant abdominal pain.
Assuntos
Síndrome HELLP/diagnóstico , Hepatopatias/etiologia , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Adulto , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Feminino , Humanos , Hepatopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Gravidez , Ruptura Espontânea/etiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Admission on weekends and off-hours has been associated with poor outcomes and mortality from acute stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an organized clinical pathway (CP) for ischemic stroke can effectively reduce the time from arrival to evaluation and treatment in the emergency department (ED) and improve outcomes, regardless of the time from arrival in the ED. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients included in the prospective registry database in the Brain Salvage through Emergency Stroke Therapy program, which uses the computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system. Patients were classified based on their time of arrival in the ED: group 1, normal working hours on weekdays; group 2, off-hours on weekdays; group 3, normal working hours on weekends; and group 4, off-hours on weekends. Clinical outcomes were categorized according to 30 days in-hospital mortality, in-hospital mortality, and the modified Rankin score during a single length of stay (LOS). RESULTS: No time intervals differed significantly among the 4 patient groups who received intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA). Use of IV-tPA (P = .5110) was not affected by arrival in the ED on off-days or weekends. The overall mortality rate was 3.9%, and the median LOS was 7 days (Interquartile range (IQR), 5-10). By Kaplan-Meier analysis, the cumulative probability of mortality and survival did not differ significantly among the 4 groups over 30 days (P = .1557). CONCLUSION: An organized CP, based on CPOE, for ischemic stroke can effectively attenuate disparities in the time interval between ED arrival to evaluation and treatment regardless of ED arrival time. This pathway may also help to eliminate off-hour and weekend effects on outcomes from ischemic stroke.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Clínicos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/organização & administração , Sistemas de Registro de Ordens Médicas , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Administração Intravenosa , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Fibrinolíticos/administração & dosagem , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados da Assistência ao Paciente , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de Tempo , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/administração & dosagem , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/uso terapêutico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Emergency department (ED) triage systems are used to classify the severity and urgency of emergency patients, and Korean medical institutions use the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS). During the COVID-19 pandemic, appropriate treatment for emergency patients was delayed due to various circumstances, such as overcrowding of EDs, lack of medical workforce resources, and increased workload on medical staff. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the KTAS in predicting the urgency of emergency patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed patients who were treated in the ED during the pandemic period from January 2020 to June 2021. Patients were divided into COVID-19-screening negative (SN) and COVID-19-screening positive (SP) groups. We compared the predictability of the KTAS for urgent patients between the two groups. RESULTS: From a total of 107,480 patients, 62,776 patients (58.4%) were included in the SN group and 44,704 (41.6%) were included in the SP group. The odds ratios for severity variables at each KTAS level revealed a more evident discriminatory power of the KTAS for severity variables in the SN group (P<0.001). The predictability of the KTAS for severity variables was higher in the SN group than in the SP group (area under the curve, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: During the pandemic, the KTAS had low accuracy in predicting patients in critical condition in the ED. Therefore, in future pandemic periods, supplementation of the current ED triage system should be considered in order to accurately classify the severity of patients.