Socio-ecological Barriers to Leisure Time Physical Activity in Spanish Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury: Associations With Sociodemographic Characteristics and Functional Independence.

OBJECTIVE: (1) To assess prevalence and severity of socio-ecological barriers to leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in a sample of adults with spinal cord injury (SCI); (2) to examine the association of these barriers with sociodemographic characteristics and functional independence (FI); and (3) to explore which socio-ecological levels of barriers might be associated with LTPA. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Neurorehabilitation Hospital specialized in SCI. PARTICIPANTS: 207 wheelchair users with SCI living in the community who attended a comprehensive check-up (22.7% women, 47.5±10.7 mean age; N=207). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The short version of the Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments was used to measure socio-ecological barriers to LTPA. The Spinal Cord Independence Measure III was used to measure FI. The Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with SCI was used to quantify LTPA. Several multiple linear regression models were computed to examine the associations between socio-ecological barriers and sociodemographic factors, LTPA and FI. RESULTS: A high prevalence of barriers to LTPA was found. Seven of these barriers (2 intrapersonal, 3 organizational, and 2 community) were present for >60% of the participants. Intrapersonal and organizational barriers had a higher effect on participants with lower FI and women. Interpersonal barriers were higher for older participants and with lower FI, while community barriers were higher for unemployed participants. Finally, intrapersonal and interpersonal barriers were negatively associated with LTPA, and FI revealed as a moderator of the intrapersonal barriers-LTPA relation. CONCLUSIONS: Given their high prevalence and their association with LTPA, the development of interventions targeting socio-ecological barriers to LTPA in people with SCI becomes crucial. The associations of these barriers with FI and sociodemographic characteristics should also be considered for these interventions to be as specific and effective as possible.

Construct validation of the leisure time physical activity questionnaire for people with SCI (LTPAQ-SCI).

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional construct validation study. OBJECTIVES: To test the construct validity of the Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Spinal Cord Injury (LTPAQ-SCI) by examining associations between the scale responses and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in a sample of adults living with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING: Three university-based laboratories in Canada. METHODS: Participants were 39 adults (74% male; M age: 42 ± 11 years) with SCI who completed the LTPAQ-SCI and a graded exercise test to volitional exhaustion using an arm-crank ergometer. One-tailed Pearson's correlation coefficients were computed to examine the association between the LTPAQ-SCI measures of mild-, moderate-, heavy-intensity and total minutes per week of LTPA and CRF (peak volume of oxygen consumption [V̇O2peak] and peak power output [POpeak]). RESULTS: Minutes per week of mild-, moderate- and heavy-intensity LTPA and total LTPA were all positively correlated with V̇O2peak. The correlation between minutes per week of mild intensity LTPA and V̇O2peak was small-medium (r = 0.231, p = 0.079) while all other correlations were medium-large (rs ranged from 0.276 to 0.443, ps < 0.05). Correlations between the LTPAQ-SCI variables and POpeak were also positive but small (rs ranged from 0.087 to 0.193, ps > 0.05), except for a medium-sized correlation between heavy-intensity LTPA and POpeak (r = 0.294, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: People with SCI who report higher levels of LTPA on the LTPAQ-SCI also demonstrate greater levels of CRF, with stronger associations between moderate- and heavy-intensity LTPA and CRF than between mild-intensity LTPA and CRF. These results provide further support for the construct validity of the LTPAQ-SCI as a measure of LTPA among people with SCI.

Effectiveness of boosted darunavir plus rilpivirine in patients with long-lasting HIV-1 infection: DARIL study.

BACKGROUND: The combination of boosted darunavir plus rilpivirine, once daily, could be a convenient, effective and well-tolerated two-drug regimen to achieve HIV suppression in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: Multicentre, retrospective cohort study in nine hospitals in Spain. All HIV-infected subjects starting boosted darunavir plus rilpivirine were included, irrespective of their viral load (VL). The primary objective was the percentage of patients with VL <50 copies/mL at 48 weeks. Secondary objectives included changes in CD4+ cell count, lipid profile and renal function. RESULTS: Eighty-one of 84 patients reached Week 48. Fifty-nine (70.2%) patients had VL <50 copies/mL at baseline and the rest had a median VL of 202 (IQR 98-340) copies/mL. Subjects had a median of 21 years of infection with six prior regimens. The main reasons for starting boosted darunavir plus rilpivirine were simplification (44%), kidney or bone toxicity (28.6%) and virological failure (17.9%). Historical genotypes from 47 patients showed 41 (87.2%) patients with NRTI RAMs, 21 (44.7%) with NNRTI RAMs, 12 (25.5%) with primary PI RAMs and 7 (14.9%) with integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) RAMs. One patient had low-level resistance to boosted darunavir and five patients had some resistance to rilpivirine. At 48 weeks, 71 (87.7%) patients had VL <50 copies/mL. According to undetectable or detectable baseline VL, effectiveness was 91.1% or 80%, respectively. There were four virological failures with no emergence of new RAMs. Three of these patients resuppressed viraemia while maintaining the same regimen. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of boosted darunavir plus rilpivirine has shown good effectiveness and tolerability in this cohort of pretreated patients with a long-lasting HIV infection, exposure to multiple antiretroviral regimens and prior HIV resistance.

Screen time among Spanish university students with disabilities: a self-organizing maps analysis.

BACKGROUND: Screen time can play a significant role in the health and quality of life of people with disabilities. However, there is a lack of studies on this issue among people with disabilities, and even fewer in the university setting. Thus, the aim of our study was to explore the relationships between screen time, disability grade, body mass index (BMI), physical activity and sociodemographic variables (gender and socioeconomic status) in university students with different disabilities. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1091 students with disabilities from 55 Spanish universities. Instruments used for data gathering were the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). A Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) analysis was carried out to explore the relationships between the variables under study. RESULTS: Participants reported high values in overall screen time (5.45 h per day/week), with computers being the media most used (2.45 h per day/week). The SOM analysis showed slightly higher screen time values in women than men. People with a high disability grade spent less screen time than those with lower disability grade. Contradictory results exist when a group of men with the highest BMI had the highest screen time and the lowest physical activity (PA) while women with low BMI show the highest screen time and PA. CONCLUSIONS: Gender and disability grade played a moderating role in screen time among people with disabilities while BMI and PA do not play such a role.

[Validation of a short Spanish version of the instrument Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments.] / Validación de una versión reducida en español del instrumento Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments.

OBJECTIVE: To validate a short Spanish version of the instrument Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments (BPAQ-MI), applicable to different types of disability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The questionnaire was administered to 791 university students with disabilities. The factorial structure was validated by confirmatory factor analysis and Spearman correlations were carried out to assess criterion validity. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS: The proposed model showed good adjustment indexes and an excellent internal consistency (α= 0.920). Negative relationships emerged between the experienced barriers and time spent in physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: The short Spanish version of the BPAQ-MI proves to be a valid and reliable instrument to identify, from a socio-ecological perspective, the barriers to physical activity experienced by students with disabilities. The results provide valuable information to develop programs to promote physical activity in this group.

OBJETIVO: Validar una versión reducida en español del instrumento Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments (BPAQ-MI), aplicable a diferentes tipos de discapacidad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El cuestionario fue aplicado a 791 universitarios con discapacidad. La estructura factorial se validó mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio y, para valorar la validez criterial, se llevaron a cabo correlaciones de Spearman. La fiabilidad se evaluó mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: El modelo propuesto reveló buenos índices de ajuste y una excelente consistencia interna (α=0.920). Surgieron relaciones negativas entre las barreras experimentadas y el tiempo de actividad física. CONCLUSIONES: La versión reducida y en español del BPAQ-MI resulta un instrumento válido y fiable para identificar, desde un enfoque socioecológico, las barreras que los estudiantes con discapacidad experimentan para realizar actividad física. Los resultados aportan información valiosa para desarrollar programas de promoción de la actividad física en este colectivo.

Granularity determination of activated sludge through on-line profiles by means of case-based reasoning.

Aerobic granulation from floccular sludge is difficult to detect in first stages with the naked eye. This work proposes a combination of multi-way principal components and case-based reasoning to predict the granulation state of a sequencing batch reactor, based solely on the on-line registered profiles of common sensors (i.e. pH, dissolved oxygen and oxidation-reduction potential). The methodology is able to discriminate between two active sludge granularities (floccular and granular). Two different scenarios are presented: one in which both granularities are present, and another scenario for which the granular state is not initially available. Analysis reported pH as the key variable in the transition between both states according to its variation, and that, in general, the granularity of the process can be correctly predicted at the end of the anaerobic phase. This methodology improves process monitoring capabilities during granulation and is an on-line alternative to a microscope analysis before the batch release.

Optimal scheduler for energy consumption reduction in multi-vector energy management systems: A case study at the Port of Borg.

The objective of microgrid operation is to supply the energy demanded by the loads at minimum cost. To achieve this goal, new tools are being proposed in the literature, such as the use of optimal schedulers in the field of multi-vector management systems. An optimal scheduler provides the hourly schedule of the flexible loads that exist in a microgrid to maximize the use of local renewable resources. This work aims to investigate the application in the context of five optimization algorithms in terms of energy and computation costs and to demonstrate how optimal schedulers can contribute significantly to reducing energy operating costs in new and real microgrid scenarios. The analysis of the algorithms is carried out through an experimental process on the existing installations at Port of Borg (Norway), which contains photovoltaic production and different types of flexible assets, such as cranes, electric vehicle charging stations, and electrical storage. Real data gathered at the port's premises is used to assess the energy cost reduction when the optimal scheduler is part of the energy management system, and the computations are performed in real time to apply the proposed schedule to the pilot. The results show how the use of optimal schedulers can reduce operation costs up to 17.2%, augmenting local energy production utilization, and that using two OS algorithms in cascade can also reduce the computation time.

"I needed something to hook me." A narrative study on adherence to Pilates.

INTRODUCTION: Exercise adherence is necessary for achieving long-term benefits. Along with other elements, stories and narratives can play a role in understanding and promoting adherence. The aim of the present study was to explore how stories and narratives may affect adherence to Pilates. METHOD: 8 Pilates practitioners who had been participating in a Pilates program for 6 or more years were interviewed. Data obtained were analysed using thematic narrative analysis, (focusing on the whats of stories) and holistic narrative analysis (examining how narratives acted on adherence). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Results highlight pain, Pilates as a health-related method, and the social relations as characters, plots and scenarios of stories enhancing long-term participation in Pilates. Exercise is medicine and eudaimonic well-being are presented as narratives articulating the coherence to practitioners' adherence. They act for participants subjectivizing their Pilates practice into a serious commitment to health. CONCLUSION: Stories and narratives are relevant to give meaning and sense to the adherence to Pilates. A focus on stories can be added as a strategy to promote adherence to Pilates.

Multivariate Principal Component Analysis and Case-Based Reasoning for monitoring, fault detection and diagnosis in a WWTP.

The main idea of this paper is to develop a methodology for process monitoring, fault detection and predictive diagnosis of a WasteWater Treatment Plant (WWTP). To achieve this goal, a combination of Multiway Principal Component Analysis (MPCA) and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is proposed. First, MPCA is used to reduce the multi-dimensional nature of online process data, which summarises most of the variance of the process data in a few (new) variables. Next, the outputs of MPCA (t-scores, Q-statistic) are provided as inputs (descriptors) to the CBR method, which is employed to identify problems and propose appropriate solutions (hence diagnosis) based on previously stored cases. The methodology is evaluated on a pilot-scale SBR performing nitrogen, phosphorus and COD removal and to help to diagnose abnormal situations in the process operation. Finally, it is believed that the methodology is a promising tool for automatic diagnosis and real-time warning, which can be used for daily management of plant operation.

Physical Activity and Accomplishment of Recommendations in University Students with Disabilities: A Longitudinal Study.

University settings are socio-environmental contexts that can reduce health disparities in students with disabilities. Therefore, the aim of this study was twofold: (a) to examine the longitudinal physical activity (PA) changes of Spanish university students with disabilities during a three-year period; and (b) to identify the accomplishment of the World Health Organization's PA recommendations in this period. A three-year follow-up cohort study was conducted on 355 university students with disabilities (172 men, 183 women). The participants completed an electronic survey on PA after which a descriptive analysis, longitudinal (Wilcoxon tests) and cross-sectional pairwise comparisons (Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests) were performed on non-normal data. The results show no significant PA changes during the three-year period. The cross-sectional comparisons between the waves presented a reduction in vigorous PA according to sex and similar values by age, origin of disability, and socioeconomic status. A global reduction of 0.6% was found in achieving the recommendations between the waves. We also found an increase of 5.3% in the participants classified as overweight-obese during this period. The findings offered in this study have important implications for university disability care services and sports services. University policies should focus on rethinking PA and sports programs for students with disabilities.

Environmental Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity among University Students with Physical Disability-A Qualitative Study in Spain.

This paper qualitatively examines environmental factors operating as barriers and/or facilitators to participation in physical activity (PA) of people with physical disabilities. Interview data were collected from 27 Spanish university students through the innovative method of two-on-one interviews. Thereafter, data were subject to a flexible thematic analysis. Three themes were constructed: associations; PA practice spaces; and nonhumans. Concepts from different theories were used to generate meaningful interpretations around each theme. Drawing on our results, we offer several reflections and directions. Two key messages can be highlighted. First, environmental barriers and facilitators are context dependent and thus do not precede the circumstances in which they emerge. Second, Spanish universities should work harder to become relevant PA promoting environments for students with physical disability. The knowledge generated in this study is expected to inform the design, implementation and evaluation of programs promoting PA among Spanish university students with physical disability.

First-in-Human Randomized Trial to Assess Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the KDM1A Inhibitor Vafidemstat.

BACKGROUND: Vafidemstat, an inhibitor of the histone lysine-specific demethylase KDM1A, corrects cognition deficits and behavior alterations in rodent models. Here, we report the results from the first-in-human trial of vafidemstat in healthy young and older adult volunteers. A total of 110 volunteers participated: 87 were treated with vafidemstat and 23 with placebo. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to determine the safety and tolerability of vafidemstat, to characterize its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, to assess its central nervous system (CNS) exposure, and to acquire the necessary data to select the appropriate doses for long-term treatment of patients with CNS disease in phase II trials. METHODS: This single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase I trial included a single and 5-day repeated dose-escalation and open-label CNS penetration substudy. Primary outcomes were safety and tolerability; secondary outcomes included analysis of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, including chemoprobe-based immune analysis of KDM1A target engagement (TE) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and platelet monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) inhibition. CNS and cognitive function were also evaluated. RESULTS: No severe adverse events (AEs) were reported in the dose-escalation stage. AEs were reported at all dose levels; none were dose dependent, and no significant differences were observed between active treatment and placebo. Biochemistry, urinalysis, vital signs, electrocardiogram, and hematology did not change significantly with dose escalation, with the exception of a transient reduction of platelet counts in an extra dose level incorporated for that purpose. Vafidemstat exhibits rapid oral absorption, approximate dose-proportional exposures, and moderate systemic accumulation after 5 days of treatment. The cerebrospinal fluid-to-plasma unbound ratio demonstrated CNS penetration. Vafidemstat bound KDM1A in PBMCs in a dose-dependent manner. No MAOB inhibition was detected. Vafidemstat did not affect the CNS or cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: Vafidemstat displayed good safety and tolerability. This phase I trial confirmed KDM1A TE and CNS penetration and permitted characterization of platelet dynamics and selection of phase IIa doses. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EUDRACT No. 2015-003721-33, filed 30 October 2015.

Barriers to physical activity in university students with disabilities: Differences by sociodemographic variables.

BACKGROUND: Despite the positive effects of regular physical activity (PA), university students with disabilities are less active than their able-bodied peers, which could be due to the wide range of barriers to PA that these individuals face across all social ecological levels. OBJECTIVE: To identify the barriers to PA experienced by university students with disabilities at the different social ecological levels and to examine the differences in these barriers by sociodemographic variables. METHODS: The reduced Spanish version of the Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments was administered to a sample of 1219 Spanish university students with disabilities. Non-parametric tests were performed to examine the differences in the barriers experienced by sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: The most important barriers were intrapersonal (e.g. fatigue, pain, lack of motivation), followed by organizational ones (e.g. lack of adapted programs, economic cost). At the interpersonal level, the inactivity of friends and family were the main barriers. Potholes in the streets or other public spaces were found to be the most important barriers at the community level. Significant differences were found in barriers by sex, age, disability grade, congenital-acquired disability and disability type. The groups most affected by the barriers were, in general, those with multiple disabilities and higher disability grade. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate the need for PA promotion programs to be implemented for university students with disabilities addressing the most important barriers found at each social ecological level, as well as the differences identified by sociodemographic variables.

Active Gaming Prevalence and Correlates by Type of Day in Spanish Youth.

BACKGROUND: Active gaming has emerged as a new option to foster physical activity in youth. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of active gaming in adolescents, to determine differences between active and nonactive gamers by type of day, and to examine predictors of being an active gamer. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 3095 Spanish adolescents aged 12 to 18 years who self-reported their involvement in moderate to vigorous physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and active gaming. Those engaging in active gaming for at least 10 minutes per day were considered active gamers. Student's 2-tailed t tests, chi-square test, and binomial logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: About 25.9% of the adolescents were active gamers. They were younger, had higher body mass index, and spent more time on moderate to vigorous physical activity, television viewing, and sedentary video games with computer/console than nonactive gamers. There were more active gamers on weekends than on weekdays. On weekdays, more males than females were active gamers. Adolescents who did not meet sleep time guidelines were more likely to be active gamers on weekdays, whereas on weekends, being a girl, overweight/obese, and having a high socioeconomic status were predictors of being an active gamer. CONCLUSION: Because active gaming may contribute to meeting physical activity guidelines, the present findings could enable better targeting of physical activity promotion programs.

Predicting physical activity in university students with disabilities: The role of social ecological barriers in the theory of planned behaviour.

BACKGROUND: Even though university students with disabilities are less active than their peers without disabilities, there is scarce knowledge on the predictors of physical activity (PA) in this population. OBJECTIVES: To predict PA in Spanish university students with disabilities using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and to examine the role of social ecological barriers within this theoretical framework. METHODS: Participants (N = 1079; Mean age = 40.12) for this cross-sectional study were recruited through the disability care services of 55 Spanish universities. The TPB constructs were assessed using a questionnaire. The Spanish short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure PA and the reduced Spanish version of the Barriers to Physical Activity for People with Mobility Impairments was used to measure social ecological barriers. RESULTS: Two different models were computed through path analysis. Model 1 included the traditional TPB constructs and model 2 added a social ecological barriers variable. In both models, attitudes (ß = 0.152; ß = 0.152), subjective norms (ß = 0.114; ß = 0.115) and self-efficacy (ß = 0.657; ß = 0.659) each predicted PA intentions. PA intentions (ß = 0.118; ß = 0.122), self-efficacy (ß = 0.225; ß = 0.207) and controllability (ß = 0.098; ß = 0.075) predicted PA. In model 2, social ecological barriers predicted PA (ß = 0.099). Regression analyses revealed intrapersonal barriers as a significant predictor of self-efficacy (ß = -0.441). Controllability was predicted by intrapersonal barriers (ß = -0.265), community barriers (ß = -0.100) and organizational barriers (ß = -0.095). CONCLUSIONS: Future PA behaviour change interventions should target intentions, self-efficacy and controllability, since they directly predicted PA. These interventions would benefit from considering social ecological barriers to PA.

Comparison of peripheral and central effects of single and repeated oral dose administrations of bilastine, a new H1 antihistamine: a dose-range study in healthy volunteers with hydroxyzine and placebo as control treatments.

Peripheral anti-H1 and central nervous system (CNS) activities after single (day 1) and repeated (day 7) administrations of increasing doses of bilastine (BIL) were assessed in 20 healthy volunteers throughout a crossover, randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLA)-controlled study. Repeated doses of BIL 20, 40, or 80 mg and hydroxyzine 25 mg (HYD) as positive standard were administered on 7 consecutive days. Before and at several time points after drug intake, skin reactivity to the intradermal injection of histamine, objective tests of psychomotor performance, and subjective mood scales were evaluated. All active treatments led to a significant and similar reduction in the wheal reaction in relation to PLA after both the single (P < 0.001) and repeated administrations (P < 0.001). No delay was observed in the onset of its peripheral activity after the first dose of BIL as compared with HYD. No tolerance or sensitization was seen when comparing acute and repetitive assessments. Central nervous system effects showed that HYD induced the greatest psychomotor impairment (P < 0.05). Repeated HYD intake showed a lower number of significant alterations in comparison to acute administration. Bilastine 80 mg also showed some impairment (P < 0.05). Subjectively, the only active treatment that could not be differentiated from PLA was BIL 20 mg. Hydroxyzine 25 mg showed the greatest differentiation (P < 0.01). A clear dissociation between peripheral anti-H1 and CNS activity was found after BIL treatment. Significant and sustained peripheral H1-blocking effects were observed after both single and repeated administrations of the therapeutic dose of 20 mg BIL. The 40-mg dose of BIL produced subjective report of sedation, whereas unwanted objective CNS side effects were observed only with the 80-mg dose.

Combining multiway principal component analysis (MPCA) and clustering for efficient data mining of historical data sets of SBR processes.

A methodology based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and clustering is evaluated for process monitoring and process analysis of a pilot-scale SBR removing nitrogen and phosphorus. The first step of this method is to build a multi-way PCA (MPCA) model using the historical process data. In the second step, the principal scores and the Q-statistics resulting from the MPCA model are fed to the LAMDA clustering algorithm. This procedure is iterated twice. The first iteration provides an efficient and effective discrimination between normal and abnormal operational conditions. The second iteration of the procedure allowed a clear-cut discrimination of applied operational changes in the SBR history. Important to add is that this procedure helped identifying some changes in the process behaviour, which would not have been possible, had we only relied on visually inspecting this online data set of the SBR (which is traditionally the case in practice). Hence the PCA based clustering methodology is a promising tool to efficiently interpret and analyse the SBR process behaviour using large historical online data sets.

Clinical and biological significance of isolated Y chromosome loss in myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. A report from the Spanish MDS Group.

Isolate loss of chromosome Y (-Y) in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is associated to a better outcome but it is also well described as an age-related phenomenon. In this study we aimed to analyze the prognostic impact of -Y in the context of the IPSS-R cytogenetic classification, evaluate the clinical significance of the percentage of metaphases with isolated -Y, and test whether finding -Y may predispose to over-diagnose MDS in patients with borderline morphological features. We evaluated 3581 male patients from the Spanish MDS Registry with a diagnosis of MDS or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). -Y was identified in 177 patients (4.9%). Compared with the 2246 male patients with normal karyotype, -Y group showed a reduced risk of leukemic transformation that did not translate into a survival advantage. The overall survival and the risk of leukemic transformation were not influenced by the percentage of metaphases with -Y. The -Y group was not enriched in patients with minor morphologic traits of dysplasia, suggesting that the better outcome in the -Y group cannot be explained by enrichment in cases misdiagnosed as MDS. In conclusion, our results support the current recommendation of classifying patients with -Y within the very good risk category of the IPSS-R for MDS and rule out a selection bias as a possible explanation of this better outcome. An analysis of the molecular basis of MDS with isolated -Y would be of interest as it may provide a biological basis of protection against progression to acute leukemia.

Gender differences in theory-based predictors of physical activity in university students with disabilities / Diferencias de género en predictores teóricos de la actividad física en alumnado universitario con discapacidad

Abstract University students with disabilities engage in physical activity to a lesser extent than their able-bodied peers, with women reporting less physical activity than men. The present study aimed to examine gender differences in theory-based predictors of physical activity in this population. Spanish university students with different disabilities (n = 1076) completed measures of the Theory of Planned Behaviour constructs and the reduced Spanish version of the Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments. Self-efficacy and controllability were significantly lower in women and gender differences on the barriers predicting controllability were obtained. In conclusion, the present results could be useful in order to implement physical activity behaviour change interventions which differently target men and women with disabilities.

Resumen El alumnado universitario con discapacidad participa en actividad física en menor medida que el alumnado sin discapacidad, reportando las mujeres menor actividad física que los hombres. Este artículo tuvo por objetivo examinar las diferencias de género en predictores teóricos de la actividad física en esta población. Una muestra de alumnado universitario con diferentes discapacidades (n = 1076) completó medidas de los constructos de la teoría de la conducta planeada y la versión reducida en español del instrumento Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments. La autoeficacia y la controlabilidad fueron significativamente menores en las mujeres y se encontraron diferencias de género en las barreras que predijeron la controlabilidad. En conclusión, los presentes resultados pueden ser útiles para desarrollar intervenciones de cambio de comportamiento en la actividad física que aborden de forma diferente a los hombres y las mujeres con discapacidad.

Validación de una versión reducida en español del instrumento Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments / Validation of a short Spanish versión of the instrument Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments

Resumen: Objetivo: Validar una versión reducida en español del instrumento Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments (BPAQ-MI), aplicable a diferentes tipos de discapacidad. Material y métodos: El cuestionario fue aplicado a 791 universitarios con discapacidad. La estructura factorial se validó mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio y, para valorar la validez criterial, se llevaron a cabo correlaciones de Spearman. La fiabilidad se evaluó mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: El modelo propuesto reveló buenos índices de ajuste y una excelente consistencia interna (α=0.920). Surgieron relaciones negativas entre las barreras experimentadas y el tiempo de actividad física. Conclusiones: La versión reducida y en español del BPAQ-MI resulta un instrumento válido y fiable para identificar, desde un enfoque socioecológico, las barreras que los estudiantes con discapacidad experimentan para realizar actividad física. Los resultados aportan información valiosa para desarrollar programas de promoción de la actividad física en este colectivo.

Abstract: Objective: To validate a short Spanish version of the instrument Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments (BPAQ-MI), applicable to different types of disability. Materials and methods: The questionnaire was administered to 791 university students with disabilities. The factorial structure was validated by confirmatory factor analysis and Spearman correlations were carried out to assess criterion validity. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: The proposed model showed good adjustment indexes and an excellent internal consistency (α= 0.920). Negative relationships emerged between the experienced barriers and time spent in physical activity. Conclusions: The short Spanish version of the BPAQ-MI proves to be a valid and reliable instrument to identify, from a socio-ecological perspective, the barriers to physical activity experienced by students with disabilities. The results provide valuable information to develop programs to promote physical activity in this group.